Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space最新文献

{"title":"Boris Akunin's Political Novel: Russian Musketeers on a Path to the Promised Land","authors":"Elena V. Baraban","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0093","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:This article discusses the thematic, philosophical, and aesthetic coherence of Boris Akunin's prose. Akunin's recent novel A Path to the Promised Land (Doroga v Kitezh, 2021) is examined in relation to other volumes from the book series History of the Russian State, the detective novels about Erast Fandorin, the book series the Family Album (2012–), and the novel Seasons (2011). The argument concerns the ideas that motivate the writer's work: similar ethical principles inform Akunin's positive characters; regardless of the time and place of action, they all face the dilemma of finding their place in a politically unstable society. Akunin's heroes maintain high ethical standards and live meaningful lives in the midst of challenging and even catastrophic events. Whether or not they cannot align themselves with ideologies that dominate the societies in which they live, they still adjust to the different political circumstances insofar as these do not prevent them from behaving morally and serving their respective communities. Like Confucianism, this philosophical position has distinct political and social dimensions that inspire the writer's entire oeuvre. Although the author highlights his heroes' community awareness, his narratives suggest that an individual's moral duty does not necessarily imply loyalty to a particular political force or the state. Instead, the writer considers how individuals can preserve their moral integrity while contributing to the public good. Such a position resonates well with the cosmopolitanism of Akunin's heroes, which suggests that maintaining historical, physical, and cultural distance is considered necessary in order to view Russia's problems in a productive way. This vision calls for improving society through perfecting each of its members and through improving state institutions so that they allow individual perfectibility and, as a result, an evolution of society overall. The political dimension of Akunin's prose indicates a new development in post-Soviet literature. While Russia's war against Ukraine is resurrecting the ideological divides that were typical of Soviet literature (mainstream and dissident), as this essay demonstrates, a turn to more political awareness in popular literature was already perceivable before the war.Резюме:В статье предлагается параллельное прочтение детективных романов Акунина, действие которых происходит в позднеимперский период, и его исторической прозы, посвященной тому же периоду. В частности, роман \"Дорога в Китеж\" (2021) рассматривается в связи с другими томами из серии \"История государства Российского\", детективными романами об Эрасте Фандорине, книжной серией \"Семейный альбом\" (2012–) и романом \"Времена года\" (2011). Статья доказывает, что положительные герои Акунина воплощают сходные этические принципы; независимо от времени и места действия, они решают проблему поиска своего места в политически нестабильном обществе. Герои Акунина придерживаются высоких этических с","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"10 1","pages":"243 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75922013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Советское здравоохранение на международной арене в 1920‒1940-х гг.: между \"мягкой силой\" и пропагандой (Западная Европа и США) by П. Э. Ратманов (review)","authors":"Сергей Борисович Манышев","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"12 1","pages":"315 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79159525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stalin's Hidden Eugenic Agenda: Debating and Practicing Eugenic Abortion in the Soviet Union, 1920–1951","authors":"Bjorn M. Felder","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0090","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:Historic research into Soviet eugenics has focused mostly on eugenic debates in the 1920s, asserting that eugenics was not practiced in the Soviet Union. Contextualizing the 1936 abortion law in Soviet abortion policy from the 1920s to the early 1950s, this article revisits both Soviet eugenics and Stalinist biopolitics, thus shedding new light on Stalinist modernity. The 1936 law documents the presence of a strong eugenic agenda in the Soviet Union at that time, closely resonating with the letter and spirit of the Nazi sterilization law of 1934. The internal reports of abortion commissions show that a majority of legal medical abortions were motivated by eugenic principles. Along with evidence from debates among Soviet public health experts and political leaders, this indicates that a strong eugenic agenda was behind the nominally \"medical\" abortion policy. The abortion law of 1951 further expanded the Soviet eugenic agenda. The debates taking place within the Soviet Health Ministry further suggest the possibility that eugenic sterilizations were being performed under Stalin. Stalinist biopolitics aimed to purify the Soviet \"national body\" by purging not only those who were politically undesirable but also those who were genetically unfit.Резюме:Исторические исследования, посвященные советской евгенике, в основном уделяли внимание евгеническим дебатам 1920-х гг., считая, что на практике евгеника никогда не применялась в Советском Союзе. Автор статьи предлагает новый взгляд на советскую евгенику и сталинскую биополитику, а тем самым и на сталинскую модерность, рассматривая указ о запрете абортов 1936 года в широком контексте советской политики абортов с 1920-х до начала 1950-х гг. Указ 1936 года документально подтверждает наличие отчетливо евгенической программы в сталинском СССР, перекликающейся с буквой и духом нацистского закона о стерилизации 1934 года. Внутренние отчеты советских комиссий по абортам свидетельствуют о том, что большинство легальных медицинских абортов были обусловлены евгеническими принципами. Наряду с материалами дебатов среди советских экспертов в области общественного здравоохранения и выступлениями политических лидеров, эти исторические источники вскрывают явную евгеническую программу, стоявшую за номинально медицинской политикой абортов. Закон об абортах 1951 года еще больше расширил советскую евгеническую программу. Внутренние дебаты, происходившие в министерстве здравоохранения СССР, также позволяют допустить существование евгенической стерилизации в сталинский период. Сталинская биополитика стремилась очистить советское \"национальное тело\" не только от политически нежелательных, но и от генетически непригодных элементов.","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"21 1","pages":"123 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80405671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Russian Imperial Situation: Before and after the Nation-State","authors":"I. Gerasimov","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0087","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:Ilya Gerasimov suggests that the type of social imagination and analysis that prevail today was formed in the seventeenth century in dialogue with the classical physics of Newton and Galilei and rationalized in the early 1800s by Auguste Comte. The development of physics from the seventeenth century to Einstein's general theory of relativity and to quantum mechanics in the first half of the twentieth century was not only about the accumulation of knowledge but also represented a true epistemological revolution that changed the perception of reality and the role of its observer. Nothing of the kind happened in the social sciences and humanities, however. Since Thomas Hobbes, society has been viewed as an isolated system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, and social processes are conceptualized as \"bodies in motion\" – homogeneous objects moving along clear trajectories. Hence the reduction of empirically observable social complexity to simple entities endowed with collective subjectivity and temporal longevity, such as the nation or the state. Gerasimov elaborates the concept of an \"imperial situation\" as an element of the new episteme, congruent with the language of complexity and relativity in modern natural sciences. This concept is not about empires but about the fundamental condition of unsystematic diversity that is observable in any society. Unsystematic diversity is a constant from the vantage point of social reality as an open system of multivalent actors in a state far from equilibrium and thus in asymmetrical relationships. Different perspectives on the same segment of historical reality may produce very different reconstructions of it that can never be accurately accommodated by any single narrative. Gerasimov offers his analytical model of truly modern history writing as a way to avoid the extremes of reductionism and relativism.Резюме:Илья Герасимов доказывает, что преобладающий сегодня тип социального воображения и анализа сформировался в XVII в. в диалоге с классической физикой Ньютона и Галилея и был рационализирован в начале 1800-х годов Огюстом Контом. Развитие физики с XVII в. до эйнштейновской общей теории относительности и квантовой механики в первой половине XX в. привело не только к накоплению знаний, но и к настоящей эпистемологической революции, изменившей восприятие реальности и роли описывающего ее наблюдателя. Однако ничего подобного не произошло в социальных и гуманитарных науках. Со времен Томаса Гоббса общество рассматривается как изолированная система, находящаяся в состоянии термодинамического равновесия, а социальные процессы представляются как \"тела в движении\" – однородные объекты, движущиеся по четкой траектории. Отсюда сведение эмпирически наблюдаемой социальной сложности к простым сущностям, наделенным коллективной субъектностью и временной протяженностью, таким как нация или государство. Герасимов представляет концепцию \"имперской ситуации\" как элемент новой эпистемы, соответствующей языку слож","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"76 1","pages":"31 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84872650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crimean War: 1853–1856 by Winfried Baumgart (review)","authors":"Олег Владимирович Анисимов","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0096","url":null,"abstract":"Винфрид Баумгарт (р. 1938), почетный профессор университета Иоганна Гутенберга в Майнце, занимает особое место в историографии международных отношений середины XIX века. Его можно поставить в один ряд с такими фигурами, как барон де Теста, Габриэль Норадунгян и Федор Мартенс, чьи многотомные исторические исследования, основанные на позитивистском подходе, в начале XX века заложили фундамент изучения “Восточного вопроса”.1 Баумгарт принял эту эстафету в начале 1970-х гг., когда приступил к изданию многотомных “Akten zur Geschichte des Krimkriegs”.2 Помимо документальных публикаций он посвятил Крымской войне и ряд исследовательских работ.3 В наше время большую публикационную работу по истории международных отношений и войн XIX – начала XX вв. продолжает турецкий историк Синан Кунералп.4 Рецензируемая книга представляет собой второе издание монографии В. Баумгарта. Первое было опубликовано в 1999 г. в","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"16 1","pages":"284 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86881508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventing the Social in Romania, 1848–1914: Networks and Laboratories of Knowledge by Călin Cotoi (review)","authors":"D. Cretu","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0099","url":null,"abstract":"book is also important for Russian imperial history. The author could have benefited from consulting modern anthropological and sociological studies of Kyrgyzstan, as well as from making fuller use of epics of Kyrgyz ethnography. Although Shabdan was undoubtedly a central political figure in northern Kyrgyzstan, it seems productive to compare his biography and life choices to those of other local chieftains, such as Ormon from the Esengul subdivision, Tailyak and his son Osman from Sayaq, and Borombay from the Bugu tribe, some of whom are only cursorily mentioned in the book. These suggestions underscore the productivity of Akiyama’s study, which opens new directions for subsequent research on the topic. Doina Anca CRETU","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"27 1","pages":"305 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85188876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture by Eleonory Gilburd (review)","authors":"S. Lopatina","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0103","url":null,"abstract":"1 For example, Polly Jones (Ed.). The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era. London, 2006; Brian LaPierre. Hooligans in Khrushchev’s Russia: Defining, Policing, and Producing Deviance during the Thaw. Madison, WI, 2012; Robert Hornsby. Protest, Reform and Repression in Khrushchev’s Soviet Union. Cambridge, 2013. 2 Miriam Dobson. Khrushchev’s Cold Summer: Gulag Returnees, Crime, and the Fate of Reform after Stalin. Ithaca, 2009. Sofia LOPATINA","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"96 1","pages":"329 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78397654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Catacazy Affair and the Uneasy Path of Russian-American Relations by Lee A. Farrow (review)","authors":"Olga Tsapina","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0097","url":null,"abstract":"The Catacazy Affair and the Uneasy Path of Russian-American Relations by Lee A. Farrow, Distinguished Teaching Professor of History at Auburn UniversityMontgomery, is a fine complement to her earlier studies, Alexis in America: A Russian Grand Duke’s Tour, 1871–1872 (LSU Press, 2014) and Seward’s Folly: A New Look at the Alaska Purchase (University of Alaska Press, 2016). This is the first book-length treatment of the longoverlooked scandal of Constantin Catacazy (1828–1890), a Russian diplomat who arrived in Washington in the fall of 1869 only to be recalled two years later. The book is a welcome and important contribution to diplomatic history that has long suffered from academic neglect. The six chapters of Farrow’s skillful and expertly researched analysis of the anatomy of the Catacazy affair offer a fascinating case study of the peculiar nexus of international law, politics, commercial litigation, diplomatic culture, social mores, and free speech. ской империи подрывала безопасность английской торговли между метрополией и Индией (Pp. 6, 32). Подробно излагая позиции стран на Парижском конгрессе 1856 г., условия мирного договора и их последствия для последующей истории региона, международных отношений и международного права, автор, тем не менее, воздерживается от оценок собственно Парижского трактата, который, по мнению Дэвида Схиммельпеннинка ван дер Ойе, “отразил неопределенность природы Крымской войны”.15 Несмотря на критику коллегами первого издания книги Баумгарта 1999 г., ее переиздание свидетельствует о ее востребованности, а также о неослабевающем внимании этого мастера дипломатической истории и “дуайена изучения Крымской войны” к развивающейся историографии темы.16 Снабженное картами, гравюрами, хронологией и списком литературы, второе издание классического исследования может стать прекрасным пособием для желающих лучше ориентироваться в той эпохе.","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"25 1","pages":"290 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84599124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Віктор Петров: мапування творчости письменника ред К. Ґлінянович, П. Крупа, Й. Маєвська (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/imp.2023.a906852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2023.a906852","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Віктор Петров: мапування творчости письменника ред К. Ґлінянович, П. Крупа, Й. Маєвська Matteo Annecchiarico (bio) Віктор Петров: мапування творчости письменника / ред. К. Ґлінянович, П. Крупа, Й. Маєвська. Краків: TAiWPN Universitas, 2020. Алфавітний покажчик прізвищ. ISBN: 978-83-242-3712-8. This volume is the result of the international scientific conference Wiktor Petrow-Domontowycz – mapowanie twórczości pisarza (Viktor Petrov-Domontovych: A Mapping of the Writer's Oeuvre) organized by the Institute of East Slavic Philology of the Jagiellonian University and held on July 6–7, 2019.1 Viktor Petrov, who also published under the pen name V. Domontovych, was a Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, and literary critic active in the mid-twentieth century. The conference proceedings were published in 2020, coedited by Katarzyna Glinianowicz, Pawel Krupa, and Joanna Majewska. The volume consists of an introduction coauthored by the editors and nineteen chapters grouped into five sections, reflecting the multifaceted personality and intellectual interests of Viktor Petrov: Auto/biographies, Deconstructionist in the Museum, Nomads through the Ages, Concepts and Contextualization, Archive [End Page 228] of Texts and Contexts. The map metaphor seems very appropriate for a comprehensive discussion of such a versatile figure. The collection's structure serves just this goal: mapping Petrov's diverse interests against the traditional classification of the cultural sphere – onto those pertaining to literature and literary studies, philosophy, social anthropology, ethnography, archaeology, and history – as well as mapping his life trajectory, which spanned Soviet Ukraine's first half century and traversed much of the territory in which Ukrainian culture was present, within the Soviet borders and in the diaspora. In the introduction, the editors acknowledge that the many aspects of Petrov's personality inspired the volume contributors and enabled them to pursue a variety of approaches to deciphering his personality. The first section of the volume, \"Auto/biographies,\" opens with recollections of Petrov by his junior colleague at the Institute of Archaelogy in Kyiv, Valentina Korpusova. Focusing on Petrov's formal academic activities, she tries to refute many rumors and legends that still surround his name. One of the mystifications connected to Petrov is tackled in the next essay, by the leading Ukrainian literary scholar Viacheslav Briukhovetskyi. Among Petrov's many other occupations, he was a secret agent of the NKVD (Soviet security service). In 1942, he was dispatched to the German-occupied territory of Ukraine and over the next seven years he played an important role in Ukrainian anti-Soviet circles. In April 1949, Petrov suddenly disappeared from Munich, and nobody knew that he had secretly returned to the USSR. In 1951, a Toronto-based Ukrainian magazine New Days published the article \"Screaming Silence,\" signed by a certain Pavlo Krechet, who ","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soviet Samizdat: Imagining a New Society by Ann Komaromi","authors":"Irina Shevelenko","doi":"10.1353/imp.2023.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2023.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78954682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}