IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022078
Adam Bartosiewicz
{"title":"Case Law Trends: Chargeable Events and Chargeability of VAT in the Context of Successive Payments: Comments in the Light of the Judgments in Cases C-324/20 and C-9/20","authors":"Adam Bartosiewicz","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022078","url":null,"abstract":"The moment of accounting for Value Added Tax (VAT) is determined by the moment when the chargeable event occurs. In some cases, this moment may be linked to the date of payment of remuneration, including when it is paid in instalments. Does splitting the remuneration into parts (instalments) always affect the moment when the chargeable event occurs, or is it relevant only for services which are by their nature performed in parts? These questions are answered by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the rulings presented here.\u0000Chargeable event, VAT chargeability, successive payments, instalments, one-time service, continuous services, repetitive services","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47256094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022076
Daniel Fehling
{"title":"Critical Review Of The Atad Implementation: Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting: The Implementation of the ATAD in Germany","authors":"Daniel Fehling","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022076","url":null,"abstract":"Germany has been an active supporter of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project from its initiation and has also whole-heartedly supported the implementation of core BEPS recommendations in Europe through the anti-tax avoidance directive (ATAD). However, the subsequent domestic implementation process took longer than expected. It was only in June 2021 that the last remaining pieces of the ATAD were transposed into German tax law. This article explains Germany’s perspective on the ATAD more generally and describes which parts of domestic tax law have been amended in order to ensure conformity with the directive.\u0000ATAD implementation in Germany, CFC, interest deduction limitation, GAAR, exit taxation, hybrid mismatches","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48558931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022070
B. Yalti
{"title":"Country Note: Right to a Reasonable Time During Tax Audits in Turkey","authors":"B. Yalti","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022070","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that the tax administrations must complete the tax audits within a reasonable time. Such time limitations for audit activities are related to proportionality and certainty principles. Time requirements may be regulated within the domestic law which is the case in Turkey. However, countries may not implement time limitations at all or even if they do, they may not apply the provisions effectively. In that case the legal protection of the taxpayers from lengthy audits is worth discussing. The author in this article discusses the taxpayer’s situation from the perspective of fair trial rights.\u0000Taxpayer rights, fair trial, reasonable time, tax audits, certainty, proportionality.","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71283823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022073
Carlos Cabrera Carretero
{"title":"Literature Review: Taxation of Crypto Assets, Niklas Schmidt, Jack Bernstein, Stefan Richter & Lisa Zarlenga (eds). Kluwer Law International. 2021","authors":"Carlos Cabrera Carretero","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42806444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022075
A. P. Dourado, J. Englisch
{"title":"Editorial: Pillar-Two Under Analysis","authors":"A. P. Dourado, J. Englisch","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44234423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022079
V. Dafnomilis
{"title":"Literature Review: Should Inheritance Be Taxed as Income?, Dario Stevanato. IBFD. 2021","authors":"V. Dafnomilis","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022067
R. Avi-Yonah, Mohanad Salaimi
{"title":"Article: Minimum Taxation in the United States in the Context of GloBE","authors":"R. Avi-Yonah, Mohanad Salaimi","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022067","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of the minimum tax in Pillar II of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/G20/Inclusive Forum(IF) framework was generally seen as a response to the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017. The TCJA included both a minimum tax on outbound income (the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, or ‘GILTI’) and a minimum tax on inbound income (the Base Erosion Anti-Avoidance Tax, or ‘BEAT’). These were seen as the precursors to the Income Inclusion Rule (IIR) and the Under Tax Payments Rule (UTPR). Thus, unlike Pillar I which was perceived as a device to impose more tax on the US digital giants, Pillar II was seen as more consistent with US tax policy.\u0000This story is true to some extent, but the relationship between the US and Pillar II is more complicated. Pillar II was the culmination of years of efforts to implement the single tax principle (STP), which has its origins in the 1920s but was not the guiding principle of US tax policy for a long period before the TCJA. Moreover, the TCJA does not fully implement Pillar II, and it is unclear whether the US can in fact do so.\u0000In this article, the authors first discuss the relationship between the TCJA and Pillar II, then the possible US responses to Pillar II, and finally what would happen if the US does not implement Pillar II. In general, if Pillar II is not implemented in the US, the tax consequences are likely to be increased double taxation as well as a shift in revenues from the US to foreign jurisdictions.\u0000GloBE, pillar 2, TCJA","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42480460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022071
P. Wattel
{"title":"Tax In History: Thirty Years of Fiscal (In)coherence","authors":"P. Wattel","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022071","url":null,"abstract":"The mandatory requirement of jurisdictional fiscal coherence was born thirty years ago by mistake in the Bachmann Case, but was very desired to protect the integrity of Member States’ tax bases. Nevertheless, it subsequently hibernated for sixteen years. After the birth of its muscular brother ‘balanced allocation of taxing rights’ in the Marks & Spencer Case, however, it fortunately proved to be very much alive itself as well. It has been living more or less happily since then, and it even overcame the useless ‘one tax/one taxpayer’-limitation to her reach. It competed strongly with its balanced-allocation-sibling. Mostly, they perform ex aequo. At the same time, their fiscal-territoriality-stepsister increasingly steals the attention of their caregivers. Much as we love all three concepts, it would seem that three is a crowd. Even two is a crowd. As much as it may pain their caregivers’ hearts, the time has come to choose one favourite. Let us call her ‘Symmetry’; or ‘Integrity’.\u0000Bachmann, fiscal coherence, fiscal territoriality, balanced allocation of taxing power, abuse, convergence, tax base integrity, symmetry.","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022069
Afton Titus
{"title":"Article: Pillar Two and African Countries: What Should Their Response Be? The Case for a Regional One","authors":"Afton Titus","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022069","url":null,"abstract":"As the OECD’s efforts to implement Pillar Two become more concrete, it becomes more important to understand the implications of this instrument for African developing countries. This article considers the possible responses available to a grouping of African countries in a bid to ensure that their corporate income tax policies are not undermined. In doing so, this article analyses the feasibility of these countries imposing a domestic minimum tax, adapting their tax incentives to non-tax incentives and whether African countries should support the proposal for a United Nations international tax forum. This article argues that it may be feasible for African countries to introduce a targeted domestic minimum tax that would apply to in-scope multinational enterprises (MNEs). Moreover, it may be possible for African countries to adapt their tax incentives to non-tax subsidies although this would involve some costs. It is heartening to see the proposal for a United Nations international tax forum, and it may be in the best interest of African countries to support such an initiative. Pillar Two has far-reaching implications for developing countries and it is important that African countries consider adopting regional responses to it. This article endeavours to create the space for such discussions.\u0000Pillar Two, developing countries, Africa, domestic minimum taxes, non-tax subsidies, United Nations, corporate income tax","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71283801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntertaxPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.54648/taxi2022068
Noam Noked
{"title":"Article: Designing Domestic Minimum Taxes in Response to the Global Minimum Tax","authors":"Noam Noked","doi":"10.54648/taxi2022068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022068","url":null,"abstract":"Countries may soon adopt domestic minimum taxes in response to the global minimum tax under the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) regime. These taxes, which will have priority over the global minimum tax under GloBE, could become the primary measure of ensuring that multinational enterprises (MNEs) pay a minimum level of tax. Despite their expected importance, the GloBE Model Rules and Commentary provide little guidance on several important design and policy issues concerning domestic minimum taxes. This article analyses the relevant rules in the Model Rules and the guidance in the Commentary. It also explores several questions that the OECD and the GloBE Implementation Framework should consider regarding the design of domestic minimum taxes and related issues such as collateral benefits.\u0000Domestic Minimum Tax, Global Minimum Tax, GloBE, Pillar Two, QDMTT","PeriodicalId":45365,"journal":{"name":"Intertax","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45737441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}