A. Obimakinde, O. Omigbodun, O. Adejumo, B. Adedokun
{"title":"Parenting styles and socio-demographic dynamics associated with mental health of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria","authors":"A. Obimakinde, O. Omigbodun, O. Adejumo, B. Adedokun","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1662426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1662426","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Positive parenting and enabling socio-demography, engenders good conduct in adolescence. Balanced parental demandingness and emotional responsiveness, deployed by authoritative parents, supports adolescents’ mental health. Parental emotional responsiveness deters peer-pressured risky behaviours; while parental negligence, permissiveness, or demandingness encourages mental health problems. This is especially in the context of unfavourable socio-demographic setting. Aim: We aimed to evaluate parenting styles and socio-demographic factors associated with adolescents’ mental health. Method: A cross-sectional multistage study was conducted with 286 in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected with questionnaires. The questionnaires evaluated socio-demography, mental health, and perceived parenting styles using the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) and Scale of Parenting Styles (SPS) questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21. Results: Some of the adolescents in this study, experienced peer problems (4.9%), conduct problems (9.4%), hyperactivity problems (0.7%), emotional problems (14.3%), and they lacked pro-social behaviours (11.1%). In comparison to adolescents who perceived fathers as authoritative, adolescents who perceived fathers as less demanding experienced emotional (p = 0.01) and peer (p = 0.02) problems. Perceived maternal negligence and authoritarian parenting was associated with more peer problems (1.5±2.3 and 1.3±2.2) in comparison to perceived maternal authoritative style (0.6±1.5). Most adolescents from lower social class experienced conduct (88.8%; p = 0.07) and emotional problems (73.2%; p = 0.20). Conclusion: Competent parenting style and socio-economic resources supports resilience to mental health problems in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"109 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88538458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health workers’ attitude towards children and adolescents with mental illness in a teaching hospital in north-central Nigeria","authors":"F. Tungchama, O. Egbokhare, O. Omigbodun, C. Ani","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1663742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1663742","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Public stigma against mental illness is well studied. However, there is a dearth of research into health workers’ attitude towards children and adolescents with mental illness, especially in low- and middle income countries such Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 health workers in a Teaching Hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Participants were selected by random sampling from clinical and non-clinical departments. Participants completed questionnaires to assess stigma, knowledge, personal contact, previous training, and exposure to religious teaching on child and adolescent mental illness (CAMI). Results: The response rate was 90%. Many health workers (42%) indicated that affected children should not play with other children, 38% would feel ashamed if a child in their family had mental illness, 42% would be concerned if their child sat with an affected child, and 27% would be afraid to speak to a child or adolescent with mental illness. Independent predictors of negative attitudes were: poor knowledge, exposure to religious teaching that affected children are possessed or dangerous, and being from a non-medical professional group. Conclusion: CAMI is stigmatised by health workers in this specialist Hospital in Nigeria. Urgent intervention is required to avoid adverse impact on affected children.","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"125 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80259075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Naidoo, Anam Nyembezi, Eileen Thomas, Anusha Lachman, Ashraf Kagee
{"title":"Perceived barriers and facilitators for healthy behaviours among parents of adolescents receiving mental health care in a public hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: A qualitative study.","authors":"Pamela Naidoo, Anam Nyembezi, Eileen Thomas, Anusha Lachman, Ashraf Kagee","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1584107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1584107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> To explore the perceived barriers and facilitators for healthy behaviours among parents and caregivers of adolescents receiving mental health care in Cape Town, South Africa. <i>Method:</i> Thirty-five qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with parents and caregivers of adolescents receiving mental health treatment by six facilitators matched for language. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. <i>Results:</i> The participants were predominantly female (<i>n</i> = 28, 80%) and parents (<i>n</i> = 29, 83%) of the adolescents. Personal barriers to good health included unhealthy eating, substance use and physical inactivity. Environmental barriers were inherited medical conditions, the easy availability of unhealthy foods and the absence of recreational facilities in communities. Perceived facilitators to good health were parental role modelling, planning and preparing healthy meals, exercise opportunities providing by walking long distances to work, and doing physically demanding jobs and household chores. <i>Conclusion:</i> Parents and caregivers are essential to adolescents' healthy development as they may influence adolescent health behaviours. It is likely that the promotion of positive health behaviours may be achieved though family-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1584107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37132447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of truancy among in-school adolescents in Ghana: evidence from the 2012 Global School-based Student Health Survey.","authors":"Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh, Louis Kobina Dadzie, Kwamena Sekyi Dickson, Hubert Amu","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1585359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1585359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the prevalence and correlates of truancy among adolescents in Ghana using the 2012 Global School-based Health Survey. A sample of 1 430 adolescents was used for the study. The prevalence of truancy was 31%. In the multivariate analysis, we found that those in grade 4 of senior high school (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.81, 5.83), those who felt hungry in school (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.94), those who used tobacco (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.03), those who used alcohol (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.63, 3.29), those who engaged in physical fights (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.31, 2.27), and those who sustained an injury (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.73) were respectively more likely to report being truant than those in grade 1 of senior high school, those who did not go hungry in school, those who did not use tobacco, those who did not use alcohol, those who did not sustain an injury, and those who did not engage in physical fights. Adolescents whose parents or guardians checked their homework were also less likely (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51, 0.84) to report being truant, compared to those whose parents did not check their homework. We found a high prevalence of truancy among adolescents in Ghana. These findings underscore the need for all stakeholders to actively intervene to reduce truancy among school adolescents, taking into consideration the associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1585359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37086969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carol Wogrin, Lisa F Langhaug, Charity Maruva, Nicola Willis
{"title":"Development and piloting of a novel, peer-led bereavement intervention for young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Carol Wogrin, Lisa F Langhaug, Charity Maruva, Nicola Willis","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1579097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1579097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Research emphasizes lasting psychological implications when young people are not adequately supported following close family deaths. In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) experience multiple personal deaths along with other serious losses. ALHIV highlight that not processing their grief negatively impacts their daily lives including their ART adherence. This article describes the development and piloting of a bereavement intervention for ALHIV in Zimbabwe. <i>Methods:</i> Formative research with 10 ALHIV peer counsellors (18-21 years) supported intervention development. After training, these peer counsellors facilitated a six-session bereavement intervention in 10 existing community-based ALHIV support groups. Qualitative data was collected from facilitators, ALHIV intervention participants, and their caregivers. <i>Results</i>: Key themes: i) limited experience recognizing their losses; ii) lacking control over poorly understood feelings; iii) recurrent feelings of isolation, hopelessness, depression, fear, and guilt; iv) reticence to share, believing their feelings were unusual; v) shame surrounding connections felt towards their deceased. Following intervention implementation, members reported relief in learning of shared experiences, the ability to link their feelings with specific experiences and employ constructive coping strategies to address them, leading to greater emotional control. <i>Conclusion</i>: Implementing high-quality grief interventions is critical when responding to the complex realities of ALHIV in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1579097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37183228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aitao Lu, Meichao Zhang, Meirong Li, Ye Zhang, Jijia Zhang
{"title":"Neuroticism and depression: a moderated mediation model of secure peer attachment and blindness.","authors":"Aitao Lu, Meichao Zhang, Meirong Li, Ye Zhang, Jijia Zhang","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1608829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1608829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Prior studies have shown strong pairwise relationships between neuroticism, peer attachment, and depression but very little was found on the questions of how neuroticism is associated with depression through secure peer attachment, and what role individual difference played in these relations (i.e., the moderating mechanism of being visually impaired or not). <i>Objective:</i> The present study investigated the relationship between neuroticism and depression with secure peer attachment as the mediator and being visually impaired or not as the moderator among visually impaired and sighted adolescents. <i>Methods:</i> The sample consisted of 67 visually impaired adolescents from a special education school, and 160 sighted adolescents from an elementary school and a middle school in Guangzhou, China. All of the adolescents completed a battery of questionnaires that measured secure peer attachment, neuroticism, and depression. <i>Results:</i> The results suggested that neuroticism and depression were negatively associated with secure peer attachment. Moreover, it was found that secure peer attachment partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and depression and that this link was stronger in visually impaired adolescents than in sighted adolescents. <i>Conclusions:</i> The findings highlighted the importance of secure peer attachment for visually impaired adolescents, and results were interpreted in terms of implications for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1608829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37211773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lieke Amw Wijnhoven, Hanneke Niels-Kessels, Daan Hm Creemers, Ad A Vermulst, Roy Otten, Rutger Cme Engels
{"title":"Prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in children with autism spectrum disorder and elevated anxiety symptoms.","authors":"Lieke Amw Wijnhoven, Hanneke Niels-Kessels, Daan Hm Creemers, Ad A Vermulst, Roy Otten, Rutger Cme Engels","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1608830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1608830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have comorbid depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. The aim of this study was to examine levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a sample of children with ASD, normal cognitive functioning and elevated anxiety. <i>Methods:</i> In total, 93 children aged 8-16 years with ASD and with normal cognitive functioning and (sub)clinical anxiety symptoms participated in the present study. Both parents and children filled in questionnaires to measure the level of depressive symptoms. Moreover, children reported their level of suicidal ideation. <i>Results:</i> More than 35% of the children with ASD reported clinical levels of depressive symptoms while, according to parents, even more than 75% of these children showed clinical levels of depressive symptoms. Girls reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than boys. Moreover, 32.2% of the children with ASD and anxiety had suicidal thoughts and 2.2% of the children showed active suicidal ideation. No gender differences were found in suicidal ideation. <i>Conclusions:</i> The findings indicated that children with ASD, normal cognitive functioning and anxiety symptoms have an increased prevalence of clinical depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Therefore, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation should be assessed when working with anxious children with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1608830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37258458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress experienced by adolescents in school: the importance of personality and interpersonal relationships.","authors":"Garfield Bester","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1580586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1580586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> The aim of the investigation was to determine the interrelatedness between personality variables, interpersonal relationships, and stress in adolescents. <i>Method:</i> The personality of adolescents (variables related to Jung's theory, self-concept, and egocentrism) and their relationships with teachers and peers as well as stress were measured using a sample of 358 school-going adolescents with an average age of 16.28 years. <i>Results:</i> Extraverts experienced better relationships with peers. Sensing- and judging-orientated learners had better relationships with teachers. Thinking- and judging-orientated learners experienced less stress. Self-concept correlated positively with interpersonal relationships and negatively with stress while egocentrism correlated negatively with interpersonal relationships and positively with stress. Personality variables (especially self-concept) were the most important variables to explain the variance in stress. <i>Conclusion:</i> Perceiving-orientated learners who lack structure in their schoolwork experienced more stress and relationship problems with teachers. The enhancement of the adolescents' self-concept should be a priority to strengthen interpersonal relationships and to lower stress. Adolescent egocentrism should also be addressed, especially in those who overestimate their responsibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1580586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37085319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Normative beliefs as predictors of physical, non-physical and relational aggression among South African adolescents.","authors":"Anita Padmanabhanunni, Martin Gerhardt","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2019.1579096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2019.1579096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the contribution of general normative beliefs about aggression and specific normative beliefs about retaliatory aggression in predicting physical, non-physical and relational aggression. Adolescents (<i>N</i> = 229) from a low-income community in South Africa completed the Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale (NOBAGS) and the Aggression-Problem Behaviour Frequency Scale (A-PBFS). The results revealed significantly higher levels of all forms of aggression amongst boys as compared to girls. There were significant gender differences in belief-behaviour associations with more significant correlations found among girls. General beliefs endorsing aggression were positively correlated with physical aggression among girls. For girls, beliefs about the acceptability of verbal and physical retaliation were associated with relational and non-physical aggression. The current findings broaden the understanding of the predictors of aggressive behaviour among South African youth. They emphasise that both general beliefs about aggression and specific beliefs about retaliation predict actual aggressive behaviour. Significantly, the study emphasizes that there are gender differences in the prediction of aggressive behaviour in terms of normative beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2019.1579096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37085059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical Family Therapy: Advanced Applications.","authors":"Michelle Karume","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2018.1540147","DOIUrl":"10.2989/17280583.2018.1540147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36644436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}