Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Psychological health among Chinese college students: a rural/urban comparison.","authors":"Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Qing Qi,&nbsp;Robert P Delprino","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1345745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1345745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature on suicide among the Chinese indicates that younger individuals from rural areas are at higher risk of suicide than their urban counterparts. While earlier studies have investigated the relationship between psychological health and major demographic variables, the relationship of psychological health as it relates to suicide by those from urban and rural areas have been rare. Studying the psychological health of college students from rural China in comparison with students who originate from urban areas may shed light on the mental health disparities of the two populations. This study examined the relationship of psychological health and rural/urban origins of college students in China. Data was obtained from 2 400 college students who completed a survey questionnaire while in attendance at a key university in Beijing China in 2013. Four standardised psychological health scales were administered to obtain measures of participants' self-esteem, depression, social support, and suicide ideation. Findings indicated that urban students had significantly higher scores than their rural counterparts on self-esteem and social support. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups on measures of depression and suicide ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1345745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35470063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying risks for mental health problems in HIV positive adolescents accessing HIV treatment in Johannesburg.","authors":"Nataly Woollett,&nbsp;Lucie Cluver,&nbsp;Monica Bandeira,&nbsp;Heena Brahmbhatt","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1283320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1283320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health problems of adolescents are underserved in low and middle-income countries where they account for a significant proportion of disease burden. Perinatally infected HIV-positive adolescents have a high prevalence of mental health disorders; however, little is known about those retained in care in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HIV-positive adolescents aged 13-19 years (n = 343) accessing five paediatric antiretroviral clinics in Johannesburg were assessed using standardized measures for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted on all variables using Statistica v13.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven percent were symptomatic for depression, anxiety, or PTSD; 24% reported suicidality. Peer violence was significantly correlated to all mental health problems, as was hunger, being inappropriately touched, being hit, and being female. Those reporting sickness in the past year were more symptomatic. High exposure to violence was evident. Additionally, not feeling safe at home or in the community increased risk for all mental health disorders. Knowing one's HIV status was protective as was having dreams for the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV-positive adolescents accessing care demonstrated high levels of mental health problems that are largely unrecognized and could potentially be addressed within health systems. Mental health difficulties are driven by social challenges that require attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"11-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1283320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34806465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between victims and witnesses of aggression and anger expression in Thai adolescents.","authors":"Nualnong Wongtongkam,&nbsp;Paul Russell Ward,&nbsp;Andrew Day,&nbsp;Anthony Harold Winefield","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2016.1269772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2016.1269772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Young people who are victims of, or witnesses to, aggression are at increased risk of developing a psychological disorder and behaving aggressively themselves. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of exposure to aggression in a sample of 1 770 students, aged 15-26 years recruited from technical colleges in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence rates for both experiencing aggression as a victim and for witnessing an aggressive incident. Logistic regression methods were then used to examine the possible association between acting aggressively and being a victim of, or a witness to, aggression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the previous six months, over half of all students reported being yelled at and had witnessed friends being hit. Those students who reported 'being pushed' or 'being hit' themselves had higher levels of anger expression. Being an indirect victim and witnessing aggression were only weakly associated with anger expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents in Thailand experience high rates of victimisation and commonly witness aggression. Being personally victimised was shown to be significantly related to a subsequent expression of anger, suggesting that interventions to prevent direct confrontation may help to reduce the likelihood of victims becoming perpetrators.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2016.1269772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34907869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Ndetei-Othieno-Kathuku (NOK) Scale: A mental health assessment tool for an African setting.","authors":"Christy A Denckla,&nbsp;David M Ndetei,&nbsp;Victoria N Mutiso,&nbsp;Christine W Musyimi,&nbsp;Abednego M Musau,&nbsp;Eric S Nandoya,&nbsp;Kelly K Anderson,&nbsp;Snezana Milanovic,&nbsp;David Henderson,&nbsp;Kwame McKenzie","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1310729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1310729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests that psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents are highly debilitating, with sparse resources for assessment and treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and latent factor structure of an ethnographically-grounded assessment instrument for detecting common mental health complaints among rural Kenyan children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Ndetei-Othieno-Kathuku Scale (NOK) was delivered to 2 282 children aged 10 to 18 years old. Exploratory factor analysis identified four latent factors. This structure was confirmed in subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. External validity was explored by investigating associations among NOK factors and Youth Self-Report DSM-oriented scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings suggest the NOK possesses good internal reliability and a four-factor latent structure corresponding to depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and a mixed factor. Significant associations ranging from small to medium effect sizes were noted between NOK factors and YSR DSM-oriented scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exploratory findings suggest that the NOK possesses adequate psychometric properties among this population. This ethnographically-grounded instrument may be uniquely suited to screening for mental health complaints among Kenyan children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1310729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34907045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of mental-health services for adolescents with psychiatric morbidity in youth correctional institutions in Lagos.","authors":"Olayinka Atilola,&nbsp;Bolanle Ola,&nbsp;Gbonjubola Abiri,&nbsp;Modepeola Sahid-Adebambo,&nbsp;Olubukayo Odukoya,&nbsp;Abiodun Adewuya,&nbsp;Olurotimi Coker,&nbsp;Oluwadamilola Folarin,&nbsp;Adedolapo Fasawe","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1321550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1321550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity have been documented among adolescents within youth correctional institutions in Nigeria. However, there has not been prior investigation to determine the capacity for and nature of mental health services being provided in these institutions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess psychiatric morbidity among adolescents within youth correctional institutions in Lagos, while simultaneously examining the capacity for and the scope of mental health services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychiatric morbidity and alcohol/substance use disorder were assessed among 165 respondents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the CRAFFT screening tool for adolescent substance use disorder. Availability of mental-health services in the institutions was examined using an 'audit protocol'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found prevalence rates of 18.2% and 15.8% of general psychiatric morbidity and alcohol/ substance use disorder, respectively, among the adolescents. Only about a third (34.3%; n = 20) of the operational staff at the institutions had educational backgrounds relevant to psycho-social services for children/adolescents, while less than a quarter (22.4%, n = 13) has ever received any training in child mental health services. There was no evidence of mental health screening and intervention in the service framework within the institutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We concluded that there was evidence for significant mental health service gaps within the youth correctional services in Lagos.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"63-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1321550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35109394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of suicidal ideations and attempts among homeless children and adolescents in Ghana.","authors":"Kwaku Oppong Asante,&nbsp;Anna Meyer-Weitz","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1287708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1287708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideations and attempts among a sample of homeless street children and adolescents found in Accra, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 227 (122 male and 105 female) homeless youth was conducted in Ghana. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data due to a low level of literacy among the study population. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that 26.4% and 26.0% of the participants had attempted suicide and reported suicidal ideations respectively. The multivariate logistic regression showed that smoking, past and present use of alcohol, use of marijuana, and engagement in prostitution, were associated with suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. Suicidal ideations were associated with having been physically beaten, robbed, and assaulted with a weapon; while a suicide attempt was predicted by having been robbed and physically beaten.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study increased our understanding of the determinants of suicidal ideations and attempts among homeless youth. These findings suggest urgency to up-skill mental health workers to assess for risk factors and offer pathways to care for this vulnerable group.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1287708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34908784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use in adolescents with mental illness in Durban, South Africa.","authors":"Bhoodeo Taukoor,&nbsp;Saeeda Paruk,&nbsp;Enver Karim,&nbsp;Jonathan K Burns","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1318395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1318395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comorbid substance use in adolescents with mental illness is often an indicator of poor treatment outcome. This study aims to determine the prevalence of, and associated risk factors for, substance use in adolescents with mental illness attending a mental health service. Data was collected from hospital records of 162 adolescents, using a structured data sheet, over a two-year period. Substance use was more significant in older adolescents and those with severe mental illness. Sixty-two (38.3%) adolescents used substances. Thirty-seven (38.1%) male adolescents reported substance use compared to 25 (38.5%) female adolescents. Alcohol was the most commonly used substance (n = 48; 29.6%), followed by cannabis (n = 32; 19.8%). There were significant direct associations between substance use and history of abuse or neglect, forensic history, educational setting, admission status, and the psychiatric diagnoses of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and bipolar mood disorder. Inverse associations were found between substance use and adjustment disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability. The results of this study indicate an urgent need for substance misuse programmes for at risk youth, and the introduction of dual diagnosis intervention programmes in this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1318395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35109395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ububele Baby Mat Service - A primary preventative mental health intervention in a culturally diverse setting.","authors":"N Dawson,&nbsp;J Richards,&nbsp;K Frost","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1297308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1297308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Ububele Baby Mat Service is a community-based, parent-infant mental health intervention offered at five primary health care clinics in Alexandra Township, in Johannesburg. The aim of the intervention is to promote healthy caregiver-infant attachments. There has been a steady increase in the number of mother-baby dyads making use of the service. This paper aims to explore how the Baby Mat Service and Baby Mat practitioners position and locate themselves in a culturally diverse community setting where multiple meaning systems are drawn on for making sense of health concerns. Two key components of the Baby Mat Service are discussed: i) the presence of an inter-racial therapeutic couple on the mat; and ii) the stance adopted by the Baby Mat practitioners in relation to culturally diverse understandings of a presenting problem. The therapeutic couple engages with culturally-informed frames of reference in an attitude of wondering and tentative thinking (\"mhlawumbe\" in isiZulu). When a respectfully curious stance was taken by practitioners, it was found to help those accessing the mat to find symbolic meaning in the presenting problem and integrate this with cultural understandings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1297308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34908534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with readmission in South African adolescents discharged from two inpatient psychosocial rehabilitation units","authors":"D. Pieterse, H. Temmingh, W. Vogel","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2016.1259165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2016.1259165","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to describe the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with readmission in an adolescent population discharged from two inpatient psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) units in Cape Town, South Africa. Method: Data were obtained from 97 consecutive patients discharged from two adolescent psychiatric PSR units over a period of one year. Patients were followed up for readmission to hospitals offering specialised psychiatric care in the Western Cape Province over a period of 18 months. Results: 35 patients (36%) were readmitted during the study period. Multivariable analysis showed that previous admission increased readmission rate (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 8.01, p < 0.001). Adolescents who were still schooling (IRR: 0.29, p < 0.001) or had a higher level of education (IRR: 0.45, p = 0.001) were less likely to be readmitted. No association was seen with type of diagnosis and readmission, although 51 adolescents (53%) were diagnosed on the schizophrenia spectrum of disorders. Conclusion: Study findings highlight the need for increased collaboration between the Departments of Health and Education. Furthermore, the study illustrates the need for specific post-discharge community follow-up for adolescents. Prospective research in this particular population group is needed to contribute to the literature on factors associated with readmission in South African adolescent patients.","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"199 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90886298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal ideation among suburban adolescents: The influence of school bullying and other mediating risk factors","authors":"D. Lardier, Veronica R. Barrios, Pauline Garcia-Reid, R. Reid","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2016.1262381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2016.1262381","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Prior research has identified multiple factors that influence suicidal ideation (SI) among bullied youth. The effects of school bullying on SI cannot be considered in isolation. In this study, we examined the influence of school bullying on SI, through a constellation of risks, which include depressive and anxiety symptoms, family conflict, and alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use. We also provide recommendations for therapists working with bullied youth. Method: Our sample consisted of 488 adolescents (ages 10-18 years) from a northern New Jersey, United States suburban community. Students were recruited through the district’s physical education and health classes. Students responded to multiple measures, which included family cohesion/conflict, ATOD use, mental health indicators, SI, and school bullying experiences. Following preliminary analyses, several logistic regression models were used to assess the direct influence of bullying on SI, as well as the unique effects of family conflict, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and substance use. In addition, a parallel multiple mediating model with the PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to further assess mediating effects. Results: Logistic regression results indicated that school bullying increased the odds of SI among males and females and that when mediating variables were added to the model, bullying no longer had a significant influence on SI. Overall, these results display that for both males and females, school bullying was a significant contributor to SI. Results from the parallel multiple mediating model further illustrated the mediating effects that family conflict, depression, and ATOD use had between bullying and SI. Some variation was noted based on gender. Conclusion: This study draws attention to the multiple experiences associated with school bullying on SI, and how these results may differ by gender. The results of this study are particularly important for those working directly and indirectly with bullied youth. Therapists that engage bullied youth need to consider the multiple spheres of influence that may increase SI among male and female clients. To holistically and adequately assess SI among bullied youth, therapists must also consider how these mechanisms vary between gender groups.","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"115 1","pages":"213 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78638915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}