{"title":"Screen viewing time and externalising problems in pre-school children in Northern Thailand.","authors":"Supakanya Tansriratanawong, Orawan Louthrenoo, Weerasak Chonchaiya, Chawanan Charnsil","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1409226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1409226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There are increasing reports of younger children accessing media and screen. This study aims to describe screen use in pre-school children and its association with externalising problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of pre-schoolers aged two to five years was conducted. Their caregivers were asked to provide data regarding screen use by their children and themselves. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was completed by caregivers to assess their child's behaviour.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants included 200 caregivers of pre-school children. There were 47% of pre-schoolers who had used at least three types of media. When comparing the 0-1, >1 to 2, and >2 hours per day of screen viewing time groups, the children who had experienced more screen time also had significantly more background media and their caregivers had more screen time (p < 0.001). The externalising problem scores increased with more screen viewing time, although the relationship was not statistically significant. However, age and gender of the child were factors associated with externalising problems from the multiple linear regression analysis (p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-schoolers with more screen viewing time did not have a significantly greater externalising problem score than those with less screen time. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size would provide more information.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1409226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35656415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeeda Paruk, Khatija Jhazbhay, Keshika Singh, Benn Sartorius, Jonathan K Burns
{"title":"The clinical impact of a positive family history of psychosis or mental illness in psychotic and non-psychotic mentally ill adolescents.","authors":"Saeeda Paruk, Khatija Jhazbhay, Keshika Singh, Benn Sartorius, Jonathan K Burns","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1389741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1389741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A family history of psychosis is associated with negative clinical characteristics of psychosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to determine the relationship between a family history (in first-degree relatives) of psychosis (FHP) or of any mental illness (FHM), and the clinical features (including cannabis use) of first episode early onset psychosis (EOP).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-five adolescents with first episode EOP presenting to psychiatric services were assessed by clinical interview with the following tools: socio-demographic questionnaire, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory, and the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for cannabis misuse. Forty-five gender and age matched controls with incident non-psychotic mental illness were recruited from the same clinical sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While there was evidence of trend associations, EOP adolescents and controls did not differ in terms of either FHP or FHM. However, adolescents with a non-psychotic mental illness (controls) were significantly more likely to have a family history of non-psychotic mental illness (EOP = 13%; controls = 47%, p = 0.001). In EOP adolescents, a positive FHP was associated with a significantly lower mean PANSS positive score (p = 0.009), but not with other clinical features.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FHP may be a diagnostic clue in adolescents and is not necessarily associated with negative clinical characteristics at disease onset in EOP. However, this requires further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1389741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35562347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suicide behaviour among Guyanese orphans: identification of suicide risk and protective factors in a low- to middle-income country.","authors":"Ellen-Ge D Denton, George J Musa, Christina Hoven","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1372286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1372286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide is the leading cause of death among youth in Guyana, a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), which globally ranks first in female adolescent suicides over the last decade. Worldwide, Guyana has experienced the largest increase in youth suicide, despite focused public health efforts to reduce suicide. Further, youth in Guyana, who are clients of the orphanage system and have faced early childhood trauma, may have an additive risk for suicide. Guided by an ideation-to-action theoretical framework for suicide prevention, the goal of the proposed research study is to describe and identify risk and protective factor correlates of youth suicidal behaviour among those at highest risk for suicide - orphans who reside in a LMIC institutional setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a preliminary sample of 25 orphan youth, one licensed psychologist and two social workers administered the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure and Behavioural Assessment Schedule for Children, 2nd Edition (BASC-2) during a semi-structured interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine of the 25 (36%) orphans reported a previous suicide attempt. Youth who endorsed suicidal behaviour had clinically elevated interpersonal relations scale scores when compared to youth who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interpersonal skills may be protective for youth at highest risk for suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"187-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1372286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35513151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence, demographic and psychosocial correlates for school truancy among students aged 13-15 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states.","authors":"Supa Pengpid, Karl Peltzer","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1377716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1377716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Truancy among adolescents may negatively affect the achievement of academic goals. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of school truancy in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states. The analysis included 28 419 school children aged 13-15 years from seven ASEAN member states that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2007 and 2013. The overall prevalence of past 30 day truancy across six ASEAN countries (excluding Brunei) was 24.8%; ranging from below 20% in Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam to more than 30% in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, socio-demographic factors (older age, being male, the experience of hunger), externalising behaviour (tobacco use, alcohol use, having been in a physical fight, being bullied, having sustained an injury), and lack of protective social-familial factors (lack of peer support and lack of parental or guardian support) were found to be associated with truancy. High rates of truancy were found in ASEAN member states calling for interventions aimed to reduce truancy considering identified associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"197-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1377716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35513152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Adam Lovas, Kathleen Pajer, Jill MacLaren Chorney, Dzung X Vo, Melissa Howlett, Ashley Doyle, Adam Huber
{"title":"Mindfulness for adolescent chronic pain: a pilot feasibility study.","authors":"David Adam Lovas, Kathleen Pajer, Jill MacLaren Chorney, Dzung X Vo, Melissa Howlett, Ashley Doyle, Adam Huber","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1355807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1355807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic pain is common in paediatric populations and many patients do not respond to the currently available evidence-based treatments. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have a growing evidence-base in adults, but evidence is limited in youth with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an open-label pilot study to test the feasibility of an 8-week MBI for this population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven adolescents (age range 14-17; median age 15; six female) completed the intervention. There were no dropouts. Median class attendance was seven of eight total sessions (SD = 0.76). Only one (14.3%) participant reported not finding it useful; five (71.4%) reported that they would recommend it to a friend; and the remaining two (28.6%) reported \"maybe\". There was no worsening of internalizing symptoms. Secondary outcomes included significant reduction of pain intensity, which was maintained at three-month follow-up. Somatic symptoms and functional disability were both non-significantly lower immediately following the intervention; but were significantly improved at three-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An eight-week group MBI is a feasible intervention for adolescents with chronic pain, and warrants further investigation as a potential alternative to cognitive behavioural therapy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1355807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35468542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medhat S Attia, Kholoud Y Tayel, Zeinab N Shata, Sally S Othman
{"title":"Psychosocial profile of institutionalised street children in Alexandria, Egypt: a comparative study with school children.","authors":"Medhat S Attia, Kholoud Y Tayel, Zeinab N Shata, Sally S Othman","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1339606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1339606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The phenomenon of street children in Egypt constitutes a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of institutionalised street children in Alexandria, to compare the prevalence of substance abuse and conduct disorder between street children and school children, and to identify predictors of these mental health outcomes among street children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Institutionalised street children (n = 102) participated in a cross-sectional comparative study with a matched group of school children (n = 156). An interviewing questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics and substance use. Conduct disorder was measured using the Revised Ontario Child Health study scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poverty, family breakdown, and domestic violence were the main reasons for street children having left home. Street children recorded significantly higher rates of substance use (9.8%) and conduct disorder (35.3%) compared to school children. In street children, smoking was a significant predictor of substance use and conduct disorder. Other predictors of conduct disorder included physical illness and having 5 to 7 siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Substance abuse and conduct disorder were present among institutionalised street children at higher rates than school children. Absence of basic life needs and disrupted families constituted the main reasons for leaving home. Interventions at the governmental and non-governmental levels are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"103-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1339606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35468540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keneilwe Molebatsi, David M Ndetei, Phillip R Opondo
{"title":"Caregiver burden and correlates among caregivers of children and adolescents with psychiatric morbidity: a descriptive cross sectional study.","authors":"Keneilwe Molebatsi, David M Ndetei, Phillip R Opondo","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1340301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1340301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine levels and correlates of caregiver burden among caregivers of children and adolescents with psychiatric morbidity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Over a period of four months, a total of 252 caregivers of children and adolescents with psychiatric morbidity were recruited. Data on socio-demographic factors, psychiatric morbidity among caregivers, and level of caregiver burden was collected using a researcher-designed socio-demographic questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Zarit burden interview, respectively. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females (n = 211, 83.7%) and mothers (n = 182, 72.2%) accounted for the majority of the study participants. The majority of caregivers reported moderate to severe caregiver burden; (n = 100, 39.7%). Being single or separated (B = -6.91, p = 0.001, β = -0.18) and presence of psychiatric morbidity (B = 7.44, p = 0.009, β = 0.22) in the caregiver significantly contributed to the high levels of caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caregivers of children and adolescents with psychiatric morbidity suffer high levels of caregiver burden. A multidisciplinary approach to management of children with psychiatric morbidity to address challenges faced by the caregivers may alleviate the burden; thereby improving clinical outcomes of children and adolescents with psychiatric morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1340301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35470067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leigh E Schrieff-Elson, Ju-Reyn H Ockhuizen, Genevieve During, Kevin G F Thomas
{"title":"Attention-training with children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds in Cape Town.","authors":"Leigh E Schrieff-Elson, Ju-Reyn H Ockhuizen, Genevieve During, Kevin G F Thomas","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1372285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1372285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention is a core process underlying competence in higher-order cognitive abilities. Previous research suggests that healthy children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds perform poorly, relative to those from higher SES backgrounds, on tasks assessing attentional abilities. In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of an attention-training intervention on task performance in low-SES children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a quasi-controlled trial with stratified randomisation, using a pre-test/ post-test design. Participants were low-SES children aged 7-13 years. Each was assigned to either an intervention group, a play control group, or a test-only control group (n = 5 per group). We implemented a ten-week manualised cognitive rehabilitation program, Pay Attention!, administering standardised tests of attention, working memory, and inhibition before and after the intervention. Between- and within-group analyses and Reliable Change Index statistics evaluated differences in scores from pre- to post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses detected no notable between-group differences at either pre- or post-intervention testing. However, on tests of selective attention, attentional control, and inhibition, there were significant within-group and positive individual reliable changes exclusive to the intervention-group participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the variability in our findings, more research needs be conducted with a larger sample to determine, with greater rigour, the efficacy of the intervention within samples of healthy children from low-SES backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"147-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1372285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35468539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges experienced by parents living with a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Meisie Mofokeng, Anna E van der Wath","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1364253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1364253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this South African study was to explore parents' experiences of living with a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative research design was followed. Purposive sampling was used to select ten parents living with children diagnosed with ADHD receiving outpatient treatment at a psychiatric facility. Data, collected through unstructured individual interviews, were analysed using open coding. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research practices were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes emerged: burden of care; emotional effects; social effects; impact of the educational challenges, and attempts to cope with the burden of care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents living with a child with ADHD experience stress as they struggle to cope with the child's symptoms amidst the stigmatising attitudes from family and community members. Parents experience burdensome emotions and impaired social and occupational functioning. Health care practitioners need to take note of the challenges inherent to parenting a child with ADHD in order to provide multi-disciplinary interventions aimed at empowering and supporting parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1364253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35470065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie Brand, Greg Howcroft, Christopher Norman Hoelson
{"title":"The voice of the child in parental divorce: implications for clinical practice and mental health practitioners.","authors":"Carrie Brand, Greg Howcroft, Christopher Norman Hoelson","doi":"10.2989/17280583.2017.1345746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1345746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research on parental divorce suggests that the nature of the divorce process, as experienced by the child, is the most important factor in his or her post-divorce adjustment. Research regarding children's experiences of the divorce process has been limited and the adult perspective has dominated the discourse on divorce; only recently has research started to consider children's viewpoint. This article describes a narrative inquiry into the experiences and perceptions of parental divorce, of 9- to 10-year-old children. Its aim is to use children's stories of parental divorce to inform the practice of professionals working with such children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The research adopted a narrative paradigm. Unstructured interviews were conducted with five children whose parents were divorced. Data were analysed thematically.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Seven themes were identified. The first theme explored children's endeavours to describe and explain parental divorce. An additional six themes were developed around the types of stories children told of the divorce process. The seven themes were: (i) What is a divorcement; (ii) Stories of loss; (iii) Stories of gain; (iv) Stories of change; (v) Stories of stability; (vi) Healing stories; and (vii) Complicating stories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On the basis of the narratives elicited from children on parental divorce, this article proposes several guidelines for professionals such as psychologists, registered counsellors, social workers, and teachers as well as parents in their possible interventions with children. Some guidelines may also be of use to family and maintenance courts, and the government departments of health and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":45290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 2","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2989/17280583.2017.1345746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35470066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}