Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00452-7
Donatien Hainaut, Alex Casas
{"title":"Option pricing in the Heston model with physics inspired neural networks","authors":"Donatien Hainaut, Alex Casas","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00452-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00452-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In absence of a closed form expression such as in the Heston model, the option pricing is computationally intensive when calibrating a model to market quotes. this article proposes an alternative to standard pricing methods based on physics-inspired neural networks (PINNs). A PINN integrates principles from physics into its learning process to enhance its efficiency in solving complex problems. In this article, the driving principle is the Feynman-Kac (FK) equation, which is a partial differential equation (PDE) governing the derivative price in the Heston model. We focus on the valuation of European options and show that PINNs constitute an efficient alternative for pricing options with various specifications and parameters without the need for retraining.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 3","pages":"353 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00450-9
Jianglin Dennis Ding, George G. Pennacchi
{"title":"The effects of social media use by bank depositors","authors":"Jianglin Dennis Ding, George G. Pennacchi","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00450-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00450-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple model is developed to analyze the effects of social media use by a bank’s uninsured depositors. While social media increases the likelihood of bank runs, it can be ex-ante beneficial to a bank by raising its shareholders’ equity. Social media enhances monitoring of a bank’s financial condition, thereby giving uninsured depositors a valuable option to withdraw early and avoid potential losses in states when a bank is likely to be insolvent. Recognizing this option, uninsured depositors require a lower promised interest rate that reduces the bank’s cost of funding at the expense of a greater liability for the bank’s deposit insurer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 3","pages":"289 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-07-28DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00447-4
Andreas Krause
{"title":"Group lending as a mechanism for self-insuring default risk","authors":"Andreas Krause","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00447-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00447-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We show that banks can provide loans at low costs to high-risk borrowers in the form of a group lending contract in which all members are jointly liable for their loans. By providing such contracts borrowers self-insure against some of the default risk the bank faces. We determine the optimal group size in a competitive banking system and find that it is reasonably small and borrowers internalize an increasing fraction of the risk the higher their risks are.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"21 1","pages":"97 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-024-00447-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00449-2
Oz Shy
{"title":"Why do banks require minimum balance to avoid a fee?","authors":"Oz Shy","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00449-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00449-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large banks in the United States waive their monthly account fee if depositors maintain above a certain minimum balance in their account. This article analyzes the conditions under which banks benefit from applying this pricing strategy. I find that the minimum balance strategy is profitable when banks possess only moderate market power. In contrast, under strong market power, this strategy is less profitable than charging monthly fees to all depositors regardless of their deposit amount. Common ownership of banks reduces the gains from the minimum balance pricing strategy. Interest rate competition together with fee competition eliminate these gains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 4","pages":"395 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00446-5
Klaus Grobys
{"title":"Science or scientism? On the momentum illusion","authors":"Klaus Grobys","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00446-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00446-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the risk of the traditional momentum strategy in terms of its realized variance using various data frequencies. It is shown that momentum risk is <i>infinite</i> regardless of the data frequency, implying that (a) <i>t</i>-statistics for this strategy do not exist, (b) correlation-based metrics such as Sharpe ratios do not exist either, and (c) the momentum premium is <i>not</i> observable in reality. It is further shown that the time-honored lognormal distribution is unable to accurately model extreme events observed at various variance data frequencies. Finally, it is shown that the well-known <i>effect of time aggregation</i> does not work for this investment vehicle. Hence, the study is forced to conclude that momentum stories have no valid foundation for their claims.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 4","pages":"479 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-024-00446-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00448-3
Alessandra Cretarola, Gianna Figà-Talamanca, Marco Patacca
{"title":"Option pricing in a sentiment-biased stochastic volatility model","authors":"Alessandra Cretarola, Gianna Figà-Talamanca, Marco Patacca","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00448-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00448-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a Markov-modulated stochastic volatility model that captures the dependency of market regimes on investor sentiment. The main contribution lies in developing a modified version of the classical Heston model by allowing for a sentiment-driven bias in the volatility of the asset. Specifically, a two-factor Markov-modulated stochastic volatility model is proposed, integrating a diffusion coefficient in the risky asset dynamics and a correlation parameter influenced by both the volatility process and a continuous-time Markov chain accounting for the sentiment-bias. Diverging from conventional approaches in option pricing models, this framework operates under the real-world probability measure, necessitating considerations about the existence of an equivalent martingale pricing measure. The purpose of this paper is to derive a closed formula for the pricing of European-style derivatives and to fit the model on market data through a suitable calibration procedure. A comparison with the Heston benchmark model is provided for a sample of Apple, Amazon, and Bank of America stock options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"21 1","pages":"69 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00445-6
Kun Xing, Honggang Li
{"title":"The profitability of interacting trading strategies from an ecological perspective","authors":"Kun Xing, Honggang Li","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00445-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00445-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the interactions among trading strategies and their profitability from an ecological perspective.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A market ecosystem model is established, and simulations are conducted to examine the interactions and profitability of trading strategies in different market ecologies.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Strategies compete with themselves, and different time-window trend strategies exhibit competition and predator–prey relationships. Value and trend strategies demonstrate both symbiosis and predator–prey relationships. The profitability of a strategy depends on the balance of supporting and inhibiting effects, with greater supporting effects leading to higher maximum profit and market capacity, while greater inhibiting effects result in losses. The model suggests that fundamental analysis has a larger market capacity than technical analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 3","pages":"377 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00442-9
Balbinder Singh Gill
{"title":"Natural disasters, public attention and changes in capital structure: international evidence","authors":"Balbinder Singh Gill","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00442-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00442-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, I examine whether public attention to a natural disaster affects the likelihood of firms using external financing (only debt, only equity, or a mix of debt and equity) following the disaster. The helpful (or harmful) view of public attention predicts that increasing public attention to the disaster can help companies to use (or hinder them from using) external financing following the disaster. For this investigation, I construct two indices: (1) an index of public attention to natural disasters and (2) an index of natural disaster intensity. Consistent with the prediction of the helpful view, the likelihood of using a combination of debt and equity financing in the aftermath of a severe disaster is higher when people pay more attention to it. By contrast, when people pay less attention to severe disasters, firms are more likely to use only debt or equity financing, which confirms the harmful view. I provide evidence that the moderating effect of public attention on the relationship between the likelihood of using external financing and natural disaster intensity varies across types of natural disasters and types of online information sources (websites, online news, images, and YouTube videos). Furthermore, smaller firms that often face difficulties obtaining external financing are more likely to benefit from increased public attention to disasters when they want to use only debt financing and less likely to benefit when using equity financing. Finally, I provide evidence that the substitution of internal funding sources for external sources in the aftermath of a disaster depends on the level of public attention to the disaster.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 2","pages":"199 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00443-8
Mikhail Andreev, M. Udara Peiris, Alexander Shirobokov, Dimitrios P. Tsomocos
{"title":"Commodity cycles and financial instability in emerging economies","authors":"Mikhail Andreev, M. Udara Peiris, Alexander Shirobokov, Dimitrios P. Tsomocos","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00443-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00443-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commodity-exporting economies display procyclicality with the price of commodity exports. However, the evidence for the relative importance of commodity price shocks for aggregate fluctuations remains inconclusive. Using Russian data from 2001 to 2018 we estimate a small open economy New Keynesian model with a banking system and leveraged domestic firms who default on their unsecured domestic debt. We show that allowing default rates to vary endogenously over the business cycle amplifies the estimated contribution of commodity price shocks. Endogenous default introduces time-varying wedges that amplify the response of commodity price shocks through demand and income effects rather than the relative price effects that are found in the country risk-premium, balance sheet, and financial accelerator channels. We find that the contribution of commodity prices to explaining fluctuations in GDP rises from 2.5 to 33.6% while for deposits and non-performing loans, it increases from 5.3% and 1.6% to 71.3% and 60.4%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 2","pages":"167 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-024-00443-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1007/s10436-024-00444-7
Hammad Siddiqi
{"title":"Strict certainty preference in the predictive brain: a new perspective on financial innovations and their role in the real economy","authors":"Hammad Siddiqi","doi":"10.1007/s10436-024-00444-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-024-00444-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dominant paradigm in neuroscience considers the brain to be a prediction engine. The brain generates predictions first, which are then contrasted with information to generate error signals. Finite brain resources are subsequently spent in selectively processing the error signals based on their relative value with higher value signals getting a priority. In this way, the brain can be thought of as optimizing on its own internal resources before seeking to optimize on the resources available in the external world. We show that such considerations change the cost–benefit calculations of certain vs uncertain outcomes in the brain, giving rise to, what can be termed as, a strict certainty preference. A new perspective on prominent financial innovations (such as securitization, interest rate swaps, and credit default swaps) emerges, with a dark side that potentially leads to a misallocation of resources towards low NPV projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"20 2","pages":"277 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-024-00444-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}