Annals of Finance最新文献

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Rational pricing of leveraged ETF expense ratios 杠杆ETF费用比率的合理定价
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-022-00408-9
Alex Garivaltis
{"title":"Rational pricing of leveraged ETF expense ratios","authors":"Alex Garivaltis","doi":"10.1007/s10436-022-00408-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-022-00408-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the general relationship between the gearing ratio of a Leveraged ETF and its corresponding expense ratio, viz., the investment management fees that are charged for the provision of this levered financial service. It must not be possible for an investor to combine two or more LETFs in such a way that his (continuously-rebalanced) LETF portfolio can match the gearing ratio of a given, professionally managed product and, at the same time, enjoy lower weighted-average expenses than the existing LETF. Given a finite set of LETFs that exist in the marketplace, I give necessary and sufficient conditions for these products to be undominated in the price-gearing plane. In an application of the duality theorem of linear programming, I prove a kind of two-fund theorem for LETFs: given a target gearing ratio for the investor, the cheapest way to achieve it is to combine (uniquely) the two nearest undominated LETF products that bracket it on the leverage axis. This also happens to be the implementation with the lowest annual turnover. For completeness, we supply a second proof of the Main Theorem on LETFs that is based on Carathéodory’s theorem in convex geometry. Thus, say, a triple-leveraged (“UltraPro”) exchange-traded product should never be mixed with cash, if the investor is able to trade in the underlying index. In terms of financial innovation, our two-fund theorem for LETFs implies that the introduction of new, undominated 2.5<span>(times )</span> products would increase the welfare of all investors whose preferred gearing ratios lie between 2<span>(times )</span> (“Ultra”) and 3<span>(times )</span> (“UltraPro”). Similarly for a 1.5x product.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 3","pages":"393 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46762020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Portfolio selection in quantile decision models 分位数决策模型中的投资组合选择
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00405-4
Luciano de Castro, Antonio F. Galvao, Gabriel Montes-Rojas, Jose Olmo
{"title":"Portfolio selection in quantile decision models","authors":"Luciano de Castro,&nbsp;Antonio F. Galvao,&nbsp;Gabriel Montes-Rojas,&nbsp;Jose Olmo","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00405-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00405-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper develops a model for optimal portfolio allocation for an investor with quantile preferences, i.e., who maximizes the <span>(tau )</span>-quantile of the portfolio return, for <span>(tau in (0,1))</span>. Quantile preferences allow to study heterogeneity in individuals’ portfolio choice by varying the quantiles, and have a solid axiomatic foundation. Their associated risk attitude is captured entirely by a single dimensional parameter (the quantile <span>(tau )</span>), instead of the utility function. We formally establish the properties of the quantile model. The presence of a risk-free asset in the portfolio produces an all-or-nothing optimal response to the risk-free asset that depends on investors’ quantile preference. In addition, when both assets are risky, we derive conditions under which the optimal portfolio decision has an interior solution that guarantees diversification vis-à-vis fully investing in a single risky asset. We also derive conditions under which the optimal portfolio decision is characterized by two regions: full diversification for quantiles below the median and no diversification for upper quantiles. These results are illustrated in an exhaustive simulation study and an empirical application using a tactical portfolio of stocks, bonds and a risk-free asset. The results show heterogeneity in portfolio diversification across risk attitudes.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 2","pages":"133 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-021-00405-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45262769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Options on bonds: implied volatilities from affine short-rate dynamics 债券期权:仿射短期利率动态的隐含波动率
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-022-00407-w
Matthew Lorig, Natchanon Suaysom
{"title":"Options on bonds: implied volatilities from affine short-rate dynamics","authors":"Matthew Lorig,&nbsp;Natchanon Suaysom","doi":"10.1007/s10436-022-00407-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-022-00407-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We derive an explicit asymptotic approximation for the implied volatilities of Call options written on bonds assuming the short-rate is described by an affine short-rate model. For specific affine short-rate models, we perform numerical experiments in order to gauge the accuracy of our approximation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 2","pages":"183 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46741941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Regulatory reform and banking diversity: reassessing Basel  3 监管改革和银行业多样性:重新评估巴塞尔协议3
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00406-3
Giuliana Birindelli, Paola Ferretti, Giovanni Ferri, Marco Savioli
{"title":"Regulatory reform and banking diversity: reassessing Basel  3","authors":"Giuliana Birindelli,&nbsp;Paola Ferretti,&nbsp;Giovanni Ferri,&nbsp;Marco Savioli","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00406-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00406-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate whether and how strongly Basel 3 chief innovations jointly affected in different ways individual Eurozone banks’ stability (z-score) across six business models (BMs). We study this issue in the initial years when adaptation was most intense (2011–2014) and the Eurozone underwent a phase with sovereign crises abated by ECB policies easing financial conditions. In parallel, we run this exercise over 2000–2010 data, a time frame over which Basel 3 did not apply yet to see through the eyes of the regulator. Irrespective of BMs, we identify the leverage ratio as the most effective driver of banks’ stability. However, the impact on z-score of Basel 3 chief drivers does not seem to differ significantly on 2011–2014 vs. 2000–2010. Next, interactions with banks’ BMs suggest that Basel 3 innovations improve z-scores the most at traditionally focused banks (cooperative and savings banks), vis-à-vis diversified banks. Our results suggest Basel regulatory decisions were questionable. First, the front loading of the increased minimum capital requirements vs. the backloading of the leverage ratio phasing in may have lured banks from credit to financial assets. Second, our findings support the desirability of revising the current “one-size-fits-all” European prudential framework, which disregards BMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 4","pages":"429 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-021-00406-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43211427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A portfolio choice problem under risk capacity constraint 风险容量约束下的投资组合选择问题
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00404-5
Weidong Tian, Zimu Zhu
{"title":"A portfolio choice problem under risk capacity constraint","authors":"Weidong Tian,&nbsp;Zimu Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00404-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00404-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the asset allocation problem for a retiree facing longevity risk and living standard risk. We introduce a risk capacity constraint to reduce the living standard risk in the retirement period. Whether the retiree focuses on intertemporal consumption or inheritance wealth, we demonstrate a unique number to measure the expected lump sum of the spending post-retirement. The optimal portfolio is nearly neutral to the stock market movement if the portfolio’s value is higher than this critical value; otherwise, the retiree actively invests in the stock market. As a comparison, we consider a dynamic leverage constraint and show that the corresponding optimal portfolio would lose significantly in stressed markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 3","pages":"285 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41475447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Equilibrium pricing of commodity spot and forward under incomplete markets with implications on convenience yield 不完全市场下商品现货和远期均衡定价及其对便利收益的影响
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00402-7
Katsushi Nakajima
{"title":"Equilibrium pricing of commodity spot and forward under incomplete markets with implications on convenience yield","authors":"Katsushi Nakajima","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00402-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00402-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the relation between commodity spot, forward prices, and convenience yield under incomplete markets. Since production is a necessary process for commodity markets, we include firms that use inputs and produce outputs in our model. Thus, we show a financial pricing model of spot and forward commodity in an explicit fashion with production under incomplete markets. One of the most important results of this paper is the difference between commodity spot and forward equilibrium price can be explained by the discounted shadow price of storage constraint minus the discounted marginal storage cost and it can be interpreted as the net convenience yield in the existing literature. Here the discounted factor is affected by the incompleteness of the markets. We prove the generic existence of the equilibrium and thus the obtained spot forward price relation is the equilibrium price formula. We also derive the firm’s optimal production plan and trading strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"35 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44603684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-stage real option evaluation with double barrier under stochastic volatility and interest rate 随机波动率和利率下双障碍的多阶段实物期权评估
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00403-6
Michele Bufalo, Antonio Di Bari, Giovanni Villani
{"title":"Multi-stage real option evaluation with double barrier under stochastic volatility and interest rate","authors":"Michele Bufalo,&nbsp;Antonio Di Bari,&nbsp;Giovanni Villani","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00403-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00403-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper focuses on valuing R&amp;D projects using a twofold compound real option by including two knock-out barriers. However, the valuation of R&amp;D projects is not a simple task, since they are characterised by various risks and sequential decision-making. Specifically, we embed a double-barrier in the multi-stage real option in order to mitigate the risk of huge losses for the investor. In this way, our model incorporates the opportunity to abandon a project if its profitability falls below a benchmark level. We contribute to the existing literature in these ways: first we present a closed formula that allows evaluating this kind of project assuming the technical uncertainty of each research phase; secondly, we consider the scenario in which the volatility and the interest rate are both stochastic. Finally, we provide an application for a wind farm case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 2","pages":"247 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-021-00403-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42105646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Permutation-weighted portfolios and the efficiency of commodity futures markets 置换加权投资组合与商品期货市场的效率
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00401-8
Ricardo T. Fernholz, Robert Fernholz
{"title":"Permutation-weighted portfolios and the efficiency of commodity futures markets","authors":"Ricardo T. Fernholz,&nbsp;Robert Fernholz","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00401-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00401-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the behavior of <i>permutation-weighted portfolios,</i> portfolios with weights that are proportional to a permutation of the current market weights. For markets with more than two assets, these portfolios are not functionally generated (except for the identity permutation), so we use rank-based methods to analyze their behavior. The <i>reverse-wighted portfolio</i> is the permutation-weighted portfolio with weights proportional to the market weights, but reversed by rank. We show that in a market represented by a first-order model with rank-symmetric variance parameters, the reverse-weighted portfolio will outperform the market portfolio over the long term. This result carries over to a commodity futures market with rank-based parameters similar to those of such a first-order model. In this market we find that the reverse-weighted portfolio outperforms the price-weighted market portfolio from 1977–2018.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"81 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50445341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Permutation-weighted portfolios and the efficiency of commodity futures markets 排列加权投资组合与商品期货市场效率
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00401-8
Ricardo T. Fernholz, R. Fernholz
{"title":"Permutation-weighted portfolios and the efficiency of commodity futures markets","authors":"Ricardo T. Fernholz, R. Fernholz","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00401-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10436-021-00401-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"81 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52108645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constrained dynamic futures portfolios with stochastic basis 随机基约束动态期货投资组合
IF 1
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00398-0
Xiaodong Chen, Tim Leung, Yang Zhou
{"title":"Constrained dynamic futures portfolios with stochastic basis","authors":"Xiaodong Chen,&nbsp;Tim Leung,&nbsp;Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00398-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00398-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the problem of dynamically trading multiple futures contracts on different underlying assets subject to portfolio constraints. The spreads between futures and spot prices are modeled by a multidimensional scaled Brownian bridge to account for their convergence at maturity. Under this stochastic basis model, we apply the stochastic control approach to rigorously derive the optimal trading strategies via utility maximization. This leads to the analysis of the associated system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations, which are reduced to a system of ODEs. A series of numerical examples are provided to illustrate the optimal strategies and wealth distributions under different portfolio constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-021-00398-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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