Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine最新文献_第3页

Human dignity, minimum and maximum: what is the justification for the difference between male and female Diyah" in Islam? 人的尊严，最低限度和最高限度：伊斯兰教中男女“Diyah”的区别有什么正当理由？

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i7.17106

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh

{"title":"Human dignity, minimum and maximum: what is the justification for the difference between male and female Diyah\" in Islam?","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i7.17106","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i7.17106","url":null,"abstract":"Human dignity is discussed in fields such as law, theology and ethics. In human rights and law, dignity is fixed and equal for everyone, but in theology, it can be different based on human actions. The highest human position is obtained through voluntary selection of goodness. However, failure to achieve this does not indicate a complete loss of dignity from a religious point of view, as there are other characteristics that can bestow dignity. The existence of these dignifying factors creates minimum and maximum degrees of dignity, the maximum being discussed in theology, and the minimum in law and human rights. The laws on compensation for harm may lead to the false conclusion that dignity can be purchased, but we must remember that dignity has two dimensions: material and spiritual. While damage to the spiritual dimension cannot be undone, \"Diya\" has been provided in Islam to compensate for the material dimension. This explains the difference between male and female Diya in Islamic laws. Spiritual dignity is independent of gender, but to compensate for material dignity, higher Diya has been proposed for men as they have a more prominent role in financing the family. In the end, we will discuss that due to the role changes in the society nowadays, the laws will need to be modified.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contemplating on human dignity: who counts as human? 思考人的尊严：谁算人？

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i5.17104

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, Behin Araminia

{"title":"Contemplating on human dignity: who counts as human?","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, Behin Araminia","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i5.17104","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i5.17104","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental topic in humanities is clearly the study of humans. Neglecting the understanding and recognition of humans can hinder us from achieving generalizable results and may lead us toward arbitrary and group-based decisions. Failure to distinguish between biological species up to the point of denying the objectivity of species, conflicts between nominalists and realists, and limitations of logical definitions are problems that will be addressed in this article. In this study, it is argued that there is no universal definition for human beings as a biological species. Therefore, from a philosophical perspective, the rights and characteristics that are associated with humans in humanities cannot be attributed to human beings as a mere biological species. In an attempt to settle this issue, a minimal shared definition of \"human\" (as a philosophical entity) that encompasses differences and exceptions has been accepted and recognized. It is evident that an attachment cannot stand on the same level as the essence, and discussions regarding their incorporation should be considered. In this article, it has been concluded that the criteria for the philosophical human are self-awareness and freedom of choice, and offering a definition for \"human\" will be founded on these two features.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating ethical dilemmas in complementary and alternative medicine: a narrative review. 应对补充和替代医学中的伦理困境：叙述性综述。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i3.15391

Mohammad Sadegh Adel Mehraban, Asieh Mosallanejad, Mehdi Mohammadi, Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy, Bagher Larijani

引用次数: 0

The criterion of human dignity in the Quran. 古兰经》中的人类尊严标准。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navab, Bagher Talebi Darabi

{"title":"The criterion of human dignity in the Quran.","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navab, Bagher Talebi Darabi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390","url":null,"abstract":"In the Holy Quran, a strong emphasis has been placed on the dignity of human beings. There are two verses in the Quran that discuss the differences between humans and other creatures. In this article, we have tried to interpret these two verses using free selection of virtues and goodness as the criterion for human dignity that was obtained in our previous research. In the verse of trust, unlike other creatures, man accepts a trust that informs us about his cruelty and ignorance. However, if we consider this trust as freedom of choice, it can also imply injustice and ignorance alongside justice and wisdom for humans. In the verse of succession, angels tell God that human as vicegerent on earth leads to corruption and bloodshed. God does not deny this, but reminds the angels of the existence of pure ones. If we consider freely choosing goodness the differentiating factor between humans and other creatures the angels accurately refer to the possibility of creating corruption and bloodshed. However, they did not see the value of voluntary goodness compared to their own compulsory goodness. Therefore, by considering freely choosing goodness as the criterion for human dignity, these two verses can be easily interpreted.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints. 医生的职业声誉如何受损？患者、护士和医生的观点。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389

Ali Abdollahi, Mina Mobasher

{"title":"How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints.","authors":"Ali Abdollahi, Mina Mobasher","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389","url":null,"abstract":"As a rule, physicians' reputation significantly influences public confidence in the medical profession. Unfortunately, the societal perception of physicians in contemporary Iran appears to be negatively impacted. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze and elucidate the fundamental causes of this phenomenon. This qualitative study employed content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022. The study population consisted of 6 physicians, 6 nurses and 12 patients in the the affiliated hospitals in Kerman University of Medical Sciences selected through purposive sampling. Extraction of the main themes followed the Graneheim and Lundman approach, and data management was facilitated through MAXQDA 20. The study identified five themes encapsulating the causes for damage to physicians' reputation: physicians' relationship with patients, physicians' relationship with the community, physicians' relationship with the medical profession, challenges within medical practice, and challenges related to medical education. Within these themes, a total of 38 subthemes emerged. The primary drivers that seem to damage physicians' reputation include: non-effective communication, negative public attitudes toward certain physicians and medical centers due to malpractice, illegitimate relationships of physicians, gaps in physicians' skills, insufficient education, and ethical lapses. It was concluded that several infrastructural elements negatively impact physicians' reputation. Consequently, it is recommended to monitor the professional behaviors, practices and relationships of physicians, while scrutinizing the medical education system.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale. 波斯语版护理道德脱离量表的心理测量特性。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614

Ali Mohammadpour, Hoda Salehi, Mahdi Basiri Moghaddam

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale.","authors":"Ali Mohammadpour, Hoda Salehi, Mahdi Basiri Moghaddam","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614","url":null,"abstract":"Moral disengagement is a set of cognitive mechanisms through which a person violates his/her moral standards without losing his/her dignity. Therefore, a tool has been designed to measure moral disengagement in nurses. This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the Nursing Moral Disengagement scale. In this methodological study, 440 nurses working in hospitals of Mashhad were selected by the availability sampling method. The translation was carried out using the forward-backward method. The final version of the tool was psychometrically tested for validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (internal consistency and relative stability). Four factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis, and since the factor loadings of all the tool items were higher than 0.3, they were all retained. The tool's general fit indices indicated the model's confirmation and optimal fit. Cronbach's alpha and relative stability coefficients for the whole questionnaire were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. The study results showed that this tool has good validity and reliability and can therefore measure behaviors related to moral disengagement in nurses, so that appropriate interventions can be designed to reduce these harmful behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of medical sciences students' awareness of the patients' rights charter: a cross-sectional study. 评估医学科学专业学生对患者权利宪章的认识：一项横断面研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i17.14616

Mahsa Khedmatizare, Maedeh Moosavipour, Nastaran Saeedi, Maryam Aghabarary

{"title":"Evaluation of medical sciences students' awareness of the patients' rights charter: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mahsa Khedmatizare, Maedeh Moosavipour, Nastaran Saeedi, Maryam Aghabarary","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i17.14616","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i17.14616","url":null,"abstract":"Compliance with patients' rights by medical sciences students requires an understanding of the patients' rights charter. This study aimed to assess the awareness of medical sciences students regarding the patients' rights charter. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving all final-year medical sciences students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (n=370). Samples were selected using convenience sampling, and data were collected through a questionnaire designed to evaluate awareness of the patients' rights charter. The study included 269 students. The results indicated that over half of the students possessed a moderate level of awareness about the patients' rights charter. Analysis of specific domains revealed that the right to access services had the highest percentage, while the right to personal autonomy had the lowest percentage of awareness. Furthermore, analysis of variance revealed that medical students exhibited the highest level of awareness. Given the moderate level of awareness among medical sciences students regarding the patients' rights charter, it is essential to design and implement plans to enhance their understanding of patients' rights.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the perception of conscience questionnaire in Iranian nurses. 对波斯语版伊朗护士良心感知问卷的心理计量学评估。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615

Seyed Alireza Hasani, Roghieh Nazari, Hooman Shahsavari, Tayeb Ramim, Kurosh Jodaki

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the perception of conscience questionnaire in Iranian nurses.","authors":"Seyed Alireza Hasani, Roghieh Nazari, Hooman Shahsavari, Tayeb Ramim, Kurosh Jodaki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615","url":null,"abstract":"Conscience is defined as the cornerstone of ethics and is considered a valuable asset. There is, however, little evidence about how Iranian nurses perceive conscience. The purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Persian version of the Perception of Conscience Questionnaire (PCQ) in Iranian nurses. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a psychometric evaluation of the PCQ was conducted on Iranian nurses in 2022. A total of 300 nurses participated in this study to validate the PCQ. At first, the initial translation and determination of face validity was done, and content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio. Reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The construct validity of the PCQ was determined by exploratory factor analysis, which led to the extraction of five factors of warning signal, valuable asset, spiritual power, burden and conscience outcomes from the initial 14 factors of the questionnaire. Reliability of the whole questionnaire was calculated to be 0.80 using Cronbach's alpha. While an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.58 indicated average stability, the five-factor construct of the PCQ showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, our findings proved that this tool is suitable for assessing Iranian nurses' perception of conscience.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral distress and moral courage among Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. 伊拉克护士在 COVID-19 大流行期间的道德困扰和道德勇气：一项横断面研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618

Layth Hussein Hashim Hthelee, Afsaneh Sadooghiasl, Sima Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi

{"title":"Moral distress and moral courage among Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Layth Hussein Hashim Hthelee, Afsaneh Sadooghiasl, Sima Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618","url":null,"abstract":"In the years following its outbreak in 2019, COVID-19 changed the health-care system structures, the context of professional activity, and nurses' moral performance. The present study aimed to examine the moral distress and moral courage of Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in 2021 on 168 nurses selected by convenience sampling methods. Data were collected by self-reported instruments including a demographic questionnaire, the Professional Moral Courage (PMC), and the Moral Distress Scale (MDS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and SPSS version 22. Most nurses showed a moderate level of moral distress (98.80%) and a high level of moral courage (99.40%). The dimension of multiple values had the highest mean (12.45 ± 1.47) and endurance of threats had the lowest mean (9.15 ± 1.79). There was a statistically significant correlation between moral distress and moral courage (P = 0.007, r = - 0.2), and moral distress and the dimensions of endurance of threat (P < 0.001, r = - 0.26), going beyond compliance (P < 0.001, r = - 0.037), and moral goals (P < 0.001, r = - 0.173). A statistically significant relationship was also found between moral distress and work shift, position and gender (P < 0.05), and between moral courage and position (P < 0.05). We concluded that nurses need more organizational support in terms of protective facilities, job security and organizational incentives to be able to show ethical behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical issues experienced by otolaryngologists: a conventional content analysis. 耳鼻喉科医生遇到的伦理问题：传统内容分析。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617

Soolmaz Moosavi, Zahra Zandpoor, Masood Motasadi Zarandi, AmirAhmad Shojaei, Alireza Parsapoor

{"title":"Ethical issues experienced by otolaryngologists: a conventional content analysis.","authors":"Soolmaz Moosavi, Zahra Zandpoor, Masood Motasadi Zarandi, AmirAhmad Shojaei, Alireza Parsapoor","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617","url":null,"abstract":"To deliver effective medical services and establish trust and psychological security in patients, care providers must prioritize ethical principles. Developing a comprehensive clinical education program for learners, along with specific ethical guidelines, and implementing managerial and executive interventions necessitates a thorough understanding of the ethical challenges within this field. This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists. Sixteen otolaryngologists participated in the study, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis, conducted through conventional content analysis, revealed eight main categories and 38 subcategories encapsulating the identified ethical issues. The primary categories encompassed ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists concerning patients and companions, education, communication with the treatment team, physicians' rights, medical tourism, medical advertising, cultural considerations, and managerial challenges. resources and treatment approaches in alignment with Iranian cultural norms, address conflicts between treatment and education, and implement sound management plans to uphold rights of the treatment team. Additionally, the study suggests the necessity of ethical advertising programs and the strategic promotion of therapeutic tourism.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0