Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine最新文献

Navigating ethical dilemmas in complementary and alternative medicine: a narrative review. 应对补充和替代医学中的伦理困境：叙述性综述。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i3.15391

Mohammad Sadegh Adel Mehraban, Asieh Mosallanejad, Mehdi Mohammadi, Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy, Bagher Larijani

引用次数: 0

The criterion of human dignity in the Quran. 古兰经》中的人类尊严标准。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navab, Bagher Talebi Darabi

{"title":"The criterion of human dignity in the Quran.","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navab, Bagher Talebi Darabi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390","url":null,"abstract":"In the Holy Quran, a strong emphasis has been placed on the dignity of human beings. There are two verses in the Quran that discuss the differences between humans and other creatures. In this article, we have tried to interpret these two verses using free selection of virtues and goodness as the criterion for human dignity that was obtained in our previous research. In the verse of trust, unlike other creatures, man accepts a trust that informs us about his cruelty and ignorance. However, if we consider this trust as freedom of choice, it can also imply injustice and ignorance alongside justice and wisdom for humans. In the verse of succession, angels tell God that human as vicegerent on earth leads to corruption and bloodshed. God does not deny this, but reminds the angels of the existence of pure ones. If we consider freely choosing goodness the differentiating factor between humans and other creatures the angels accurately refer to the possibility of creating corruption and bloodshed. However, they did not see the value of voluntary goodness compared to their own compulsory goodness. Therefore, by considering freely choosing goodness as the criterion for human dignity, these two verses can be easily interpreted.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints. 医生的职业声誉如何受损？患者、护士和医生的观点。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389

Ali Abdollahi, Mina Mobasher

{"title":"How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints.","authors":"Ali Abdollahi, Mina Mobasher","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389","url":null,"abstract":"As a rule, physicians' reputation significantly influences public confidence in the medical profession. Unfortunately, the societal perception of physicians in contemporary Iran appears to be negatively impacted. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze and elucidate the fundamental causes of this phenomenon. This qualitative study employed content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022. The study population consisted of 6 physicians, 6 nurses and 12 patients in the the affiliated hospitals in Kerman University of Medical Sciences selected through purposive sampling. Extraction of the main themes followed the Graneheim and Lundman approach, and data management was facilitated through MAXQDA 20. The study identified five themes encapsulating the causes for damage to physicians' reputation: physicians' relationship with patients, physicians' relationship with the community, physicians' relationship with the medical profession, challenges within medical practice, and challenges related to medical education. Within these themes, a total of 38 subthemes emerged. The primary drivers that seem to damage physicians' reputation include: non-effective communication, negative public attitudes toward certain physicians and medical centers due to malpractice, illegitimate relationships of physicians, gaps in physicians' skills, insufficient education, and ethical lapses. It was concluded that several infrastructural elements negatively impact physicians' reputation. Consequently, it is recommended to monitor the professional behaviors, practices and relationships of physicians, while scrutinizing the medical education system.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale. 波斯语版护理道德脱离量表的心理测量特性。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614

Ali Mohammadpour, Hoda Salehi, Mahdi Basiri Moghaddam

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale.","authors":"Ali Mohammadpour, Hoda Salehi, Mahdi Basiri Moghaddam","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614","url":null,"abstract":"Moral disengagement is a set of cognitive mechanisms through which a person violates his/her moral standards without losing his/her dignity. Therefore, a tool has been designed to measure moral disengagement in nurses. This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the Nursing Moral Disengagement scale. In this methodological study, 440 nurses working in hospitals of Mashhad were selected by the availability sampling method. The translation was carried out using the forward-backward method. The final version of the tool was psychometrically tested for validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (internal consistency and relative stability). Four factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis, and since the factor loadings of all the tool items were higher than 0.3, they were all retained. The tool's general fit indices indicated the model's confirmation and optimal fit. Cronbach's alpha and relative stability coefficients for the whole questionnaire were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. The study results showed that this tool has good validity and reliability and can therefore measure behaviors related to moral disengagement in nurses, so that appropriate interventions can be designed to reduce these harmful behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of medical sciences students' awareness of the patients' rights charter: a cross-sectional study. 评估医学科学专业学生对患者权利宪章的认识：一项横断面研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i17.14616

Mahsa Khedmatizare, Maedeh Moosavipour, Nastaran Saeedi, Maryam Aghabarary

{"title":"Evaluation of medical sciences students' awareness of the patients' rights charter: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mahsa Khedmatizare, Maedeh Moosavipour, Nastaran Saeedi, Maryam Aghabarary","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i17.14616","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i17.14616","url":null,"abstract":"Compliance with patients' rights by medical sciences students requires an understanding of the patients' rights charter. This study aimed to assess the awareness of medical sciences students regarding the patients' rights charter. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving all final-year medical sciences students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (n=370). Samples were selected using convenience sampling, and data were collected through a questionnaire designed to evaluate awareness of the patients' rights charter. The study included 269 students. The results indicated that over half of the students possessed a moderate level of awareness about the patients' rights charter. Analysis of specific domains revealed that the right to access services had the highest percentage, while the right to personal autonomy had the lowest percentage of awareness. Furthermore, analysis of variance revealed that medical students exhibited the highest level of awareness. Given the moderate level of awareness among medical sciences students regarding the patients' rights charter, it is essential to design and implement plans to enhance their understanding of patients' rights.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the perception of conscience questionnaire in Iranian nurses. 对波斯语版伊朗护士良心感知问卷的心理计量学评估。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615

Seyed Alireza Hasani, Roghieh Nazari, Hooman Shahsavari, Tayeb Ramim, Kurosh Jodaki

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the perception of conscience questionnaire in Iranian nurses.","authors":"Seyed Alireza Hasani, Roghieh Nazari, Hooman Shahsavari, Tayeb Ramim, Kurosh Jodaki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615","url":null,"abstract":"Conscience is defined as the cornerstone of ethics and is considered a valuable asset. There is, however, little evidence about how Iranian nurses perceive conscience. The purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Persian version of the Perception of Conscience Questionnaire (PCQ) in Iranian nurses. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a psychometric evaluation of the PCQ was conducted on Iranian nurses in 2022. A total of 300 nurses participated in this study to validate the PCQ. At first, the initial translation and determination of face validity was done, and content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio. Reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The construct validity of the PCQ was determined by exploratory factor analysis, which led to the extraction of five factors of warning signal, valuable asset, spiritual power, burden and conscience outcomes from the initial 14 factors of the questionnaire. Reliability of the whole questionnaire was calculated to be 0.80 using Cronbach's alpha. While an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.58 indicated average stability, the five-factor construct of the PCQ showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, our findings proved that this tool is suitable for assessing Iranian nurses' perception of conscience.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral distress and moral courage among Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. 伊拉克护士在 COVID-19 大流行期间的道德困扰和道德勇气：一项横断面研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618

Layth Hussein Hashim Hthelee, Afsaneh Sadooghiasl, Sima Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi

{"title":"Moral distress and moral courage among Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Layth Hussein Hashim Hthelee, Afsaneh Sadooghiasl, Sima Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618","url":null,"abstract":"In the years following its outbreak in 2019, COVID-19 changed the health-care system structures, the context of professional activity, and nurses' moral performance. The present study aimed to examine the moral distress and moral courage of Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in 2021 on 168 nurses selected by convenience sampling methods. Data were collected by self-reported instruments including a demographic questionnaire, the Professional Moral Courage (PMC), and the Moral Distress Scale (MDS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and SPSS version 22. Most nurses showed a moderate level of moral distress (98.80%) and a high level of moral courage (99.40%). The dimension of multiple values had the highest mean (12.45 ± 1.47) and endurance of threats had the lowest mean (9.15 ± 1.79). There was a statistically significant correlation between moral distress and moral courage (P = 0.007, r = - 0.2), and moral distress and the dimensions of endurance of threat (P < 0.001, r = - 0.26), going beyond compliance (P < 0.001, r = - 0.037), and moral goals (P < 0.001, r = - 0.173). A statistically significant relationship was also found between moral distress and work shift, position and gender (P < 0.05), and between moral courage and position (P < 0.05). We concluded that nurses need more organizational support in terms of protective facilities, job security and organizational incentives to be able to show ethical behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical issues experienced by otolaryngologists: a conventional content analysis. 耳鼻喉科医生遇到的伦理问题：传统内容分析。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617

Soolmaz Moosavi, Zahra Zandpoor, Masood Motasadi Zarandi, AmirAhmad Shojaei, Alireza Parsapoor

{"title":"Ethical issues experienced by otolaryngologists: a conventional content analysis.","authors":"Soolmaz Moosavi, Zahra Zandpoor, Masood Motasadi Zarandi, AmirAhmad Shojaei, Alireza Parsapoor","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617","url":null,"abstract":"To deliver effective medical services and establish trust and psychological security in patients, care providers must prioritize ethical principles. Developing a comprehensive clinical education program for learners, along with specific ethical guidelines, and implementing managerial and executive interventions necessitates a thorough understanding of the ethical challenges within this field. This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists. Sixteen otolaryngologists participated in the study, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis, conducted through conventional content analysis, revealed eight main categories and 38 subcategories encapsulating the identified ethical issues. The primary categories encompassed ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists concerning patients and companions, education, communication with the treatment team, physicians' rights, medical tourism, medical advertising, cultural considerations, and managerial challenges. resources and treatment approaches in alignment with Iranian cultural norms, address conflicts between treatment and education, and implement sound management plans to uphold rights of the treatment team. Additionally, the study suggests the necessity of ethical advertising programs and the strategic promotion of therapeutic tourism.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the criteria of human dignity. 审查人类尊严的标准。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe

{"title":"Examining the criteria of human dignity.","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613","url":null,"abstract":"One of the critical aspects in discussing human dignity is the establishment of its criterion, a standard unique to humans. This criterion should effectively create a fundamental and structural distinction from other creatures. Initially, our focus was on the endeavors of biologists to differentiate the human species from others, emphasizing the physical aspects. However, physical and genetic differences lack the necessary characteristics to serve as a criterion for dignity. Subsequently, we explored the notion of this criterion in human behavior. Yet, given that behavior stems from human thought, it proves unsuitable as a criterion for dignity. Thus, our quest led us to explore human wisdom. However, since wisdom, like other abilities, serves as a tool for improved living and is present to some extent in other animals, it proves inadequate as a criterion. We have determined that the distinguishing characteristic lies in the power of choice or free will, setting humans apart from other living beings whose behavior is solely instinctual or driven by needs. Consequently, free choice forms the foundation of dignity, assigning value to the chooser based on the choices made.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access to health care for Afghan immigrants and refugees: an ethico-legal analysis based on the Iranian health law system 阿富汗移民和难民获得医疗保健：基于伊朗卫生法体系的伦理-法律分析

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i12.14307

Farzad Zakian Khorramabadi, Vahid Moazzen, A. Parsapour, Amirhossein Takian, Abbas Mirshekari, Bagher Larijani, E. S. Gooshki

{"title":"Access to health care for Afghan immigrants and refugees: an ethico-legal analysis based on the Iranian health law system","authors":"Farzad Zakian Khorramabadi, Vahid Moazzen, A. Parsapour, Amirhossein Takian, Abbas Mirshekari, Bagher Larijani, E. S. Gooshki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i12.14307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v16i12.14307","url":null,"abstract":"The right to health is an internationally recognized and established human right with a long history of appreciation, indicating that governments should guarantee the highest possible level of access to health and provide health-care serivces with no discrimination based on nationality, race, gender, language or religion. The present study explored this topic using an analytic-descriptive approach. We reviewed related laws, policies and other available documents with the aim to investigate the ethico-legal aspects of Afghan refugees' and immigrants' access to health care and the challenges in in this regard within the Iranian health law system. \u0000 According to the results of this study, the Iranian health law could be interpreted to include all Afghan immigrants in the country’s public health system as a legal commitment. In addition, while basic and primary health coverage is available for all Afghan immigrants in Iran, provision of other medical and rehabilitative health services to documented and undocumented immigrants follow different methods. \u0000In order to alleviate the current situation, we recommend strategies such as supporting policy changes intended to register undocumented immigrants, which naturally results in an increase in their access to health care.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0