Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine最新文献

Professional ethical challenges and suggested strategies in nursing: a qualitative study. 护理专业道德挑战及建议策略：一项质性研究。

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i10.17109

Arezoo Ghavi, Leila Valizadeh, Kelly Powers, Vahid Zamanzadeh

{"title":"Professional ethical challenges and suggested strategies in nursing: a qualitative study.","authors":"Arezoo Ghavi, Leila Valizadeh, Kelly Powers, Vahid Zamanzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i10.17109","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i10.17109","url":null,"abstract":"Professional ethics are essential for supporting nurses in making ethical decisions and responding to current challenges. This study aimed to explore professional ethical challenges and the strategies nurses use to address them in Iran. An exploratory descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through two focus groups involving 16 nurses and semi-structured individual interviews with six nursing faculty members. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's method. Participants shared their experiences and perceptions of professional ethical challenges and proposed strategies to address them. Nine categories and 51 subcategories were identified, including: 1) Deficiencies in patient-centered care; 2) Communicating bad news to patients and families; 3) Decisions on withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments; 4) Lack of cultural consideration in nursing care; 5) Challenges of incorporating new technology; 6) Ethical concerns in managing and using large patient datasets; 7) Upholding ethical principles in disaster or crisis nursing; 8) Gaps in providing palliative care; and 9) Fear of causing moral distress. The findings underscore the ethical challenges faced by nurses in clinical practice and suggest strategies for addressing each challenge in Iran.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Existence and manifestations of human dignity: can a person be deprived of dignity? 人的尊严的存在和表现：一个人可以被剥夺尊严吗？

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i8.17107

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navvab, Bagher Talebi Darabi

{"title":"Existence and manifestations of human dignity: can a person be deprived of dignity?","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navvab, Bagher Talebi Darabi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i8.17107","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i8.17107","url":null,"abstract":"The criteria for assigning human dignity have been a subject of debate among researchers for years. Regardless of what criteria are chosen for human dignity, each school of thought must provide a method to identify them in people. The authors of this article consider voluntarily in choosing goodness and virtues to be the criterion. The purpose of this article is to present a method for establishing the existence of this criterion in humans and to examine the various manifestations of acting freely on what is good and virtuous by citing philosophical Islamic sources, especially the Qur'an. In this article, we will first discuss the differences among people regarding the existence of dignity and its manifestations, and move on to investigate the special conditions that can be challenging for allocation of dignity across different schools of thought. Finally, we will examine various Islamic sources to evaluate the methods of identifying human dignity in people. Our investigations show that since concepts such as \"right\" and \"good\" are of a subjective nature, there is more than one manifestation for presence of criterion of human dignity, and in practice, no one can be deprived of their dignity.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The challenges of research in the field of human dignity. 人类尊严领域研究的挑战。

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i4.17103

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe

{"title":"The challenges of research in the field of human dignity.","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i4.17103","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i4.17103","url":null,"abstract":"Research on human dignity is crucial for understanding the ethical foundations of human rights. Neglecting to address certain pitfalls in this area of research can lead to adverse effects, including the perpetuation of discrimination, the misrepresentation of dignity across different schools of thought, and the weakening of ethical standards in human rights discourse. The present study aims to identify such challenges by analytically examining outstanding research in this field. Our surveys have identified challenges and pitfalls that were categorized into two groups: challenges in the field of materials, and challenges in the field of methods. In terms of materials, researchers may fail to adequately consider the historical and cultural contexts that shape these views, while in terms of methods, they may overlook the diverse perspectives that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of dignity. Consequently, it is imperative for researchers to remain vigilant and avoid these pitfalls to ensure that their work upholds the true essence of human dignity and effectively advocates for the rights of all individuals, especially those from marginalized backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human dignity: a contract or an abstract? 人类尊严：契约还是抽象？

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i6.17105

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh

{"title":"Human dignity: a contract or an abstract?","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i6.17105","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i6.17105","url":null,"abstract":"Although human dignity has been the focus of many researchers, fundamental debates about its existence have often been ignored. Different views on human dignity and its existence can lead to divergent interpretations of human rights. In this study, we attempted to find an answer to the question of the nature of human dignity by examining and collecting the opinions of experts and analyzing and criticizing them. Our analysis showed that since dignity is linked to human existence and understanding, it has a subjective nature. Subjective existences have different types, including contractual and abstract. Contractual existence finds its way to objective entities through human thought, and it is changeable. An abstract existence, on the other hand, is created by perception of an objective entity in a constant way among human beings. Human dignity is consistent with the contractual type, because simply seeing a human does not bring to mind the existence of dignity and human rights. Once we accept the contractual nature of dignity, we must determine who bestowed this dignity on man. Through investigations, we came to the conclusion that God is the only one that can grant such privilege, and the existence of dignity for humans is a proof of God's existence.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human dignity, minimum and maximum: what is the justification for the difference between male and female Diyah" in Islam? 人的尊严，最低限度和最高限度：伊斯兰教中男女“Diyah”的区别有什么正当理由？

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i7.17106

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh

{"title":"Human dignity, minimum and maximum: what is the justification for the difference between male and female Diyah\" in Islam?","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Hanieh Tavasoli, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i7.17106","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i7.17106","url":null,"abstract":"Human dignity is discussed in fields such as law, theology and ethics. In human rights and law, dignity is fixed and equal for everyone, but in theology, it can be different based on human actions. The highest human position is obtained through voluntary selection of goodness. However, failure to achieve this does not indicate a complete loss of dignity from a religious point of view, as there are other characteristics that can bestow dignity. The existence of these dignifying factors creates minimum and maximum degrees of dignity, the maximum being discussed in theology, and the minimum in law and human rights. The laws on compensation for harm may lead to the false conclusion that dignity can be purchased, but we must remember that dignity has two dimensions: material and spiritual. While damage to the spiritual dimension cannot be undone, \"Diya\" has been provided in Islam to compensate for the material dimension. This explains the difference between male and female Diya in Islamic laws. Spiritual dignity is independent of gender, but to compensate for material dignity, higher Diya has been proposed for men as they have a more prominent role in financing the family. In the end, we will discuss that due to the role changes in the society nowadays, the laws will need to be modified.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contemplating on human dignity: who counts as human? 思考人的尊严：谁算人？

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i5.17104

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, Behin Araminia

{"title":"Contemplating on human dignity: who counts as human?","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, Behin Araminia","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i5.17104","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i5.17104","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental topic in humanities is clearly the study of humans. Neglecting the understanding and recognition of humans can hinder us from achieving generalizable results and may lead us toward arbitrary and group-based decisions. Failure to distinguish between biological species up to the point of denying the objectivity of species, conflicts between nominalists and realists, and limitations of logical definitions are problems that will be addressed in this article. In this study, it is argued that there is no universal definition for human beings as a biological species. Therefore, from a philosophical perspective, the rights and characteristics that are associated with humans in humanities cannot be attributed to human beings as a mere biological species. In an attempt to settle this issue, a minimal shared definition of \"human\" (as a philosophical entity) that encompasses differences and exceptions has been accepted and recognized. It is evident that an attachment cannot stand on the same level as the essence, and discussions regarding their incorporation should be considered. In this article, it has been concluded that the criteria for the philosophical human are self-awareness and freedom of choice, and offering a definition for \"human\" will be founded on these two features.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating ethical dilemmas in complementary and alternative medicine: a narrative review. 应对补充和替代医学中的伦理困境：叙述性综述。

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i3.15391

Mohammad Sadegh Adel Mehraban, Asieh Mosallanejad, Mehdi Mohammadi, Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy, Bagher Larijani

引用次数: 0

The criterion of human dignity in the Quran. 古兰经》中的人类尊严标准。

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390

Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navab, Bagher Talebi Darabi

{"title":"The criterion of human dignity in the Quran.","authors":"Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari, Behin Araminia, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Hanieh Tavasoli, Soheil Abedi, Seyed Abolhasan Navab, Bagher Talebi Darabi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i2.15390","url":null,"abstract":"In the Holy Quran, a strong emphasis has been placed on the dignity of human beings. There are two verses in the Quran that discuss the differences between humans and other creatures. In this article, we have tried to interpret these two verses using free selection of virtues and goodness as the criterion for human dignity that was obtained in our previous research. In the verse of trust, unlike other creatures, man accepts a trust that informs us about his cruelty and ignorance. However, if we consider this trust as freedom of choice, it can also imply injustice and ignorance alongside justice and wisdom for humans. In the verse of succession, angels tell God that human as vicegerent on earth leads to corruption and bloodshed. God does not deny this, but reminds the angels of the existence of pure ones. If we consider freely choosing goodness the differentiating factor between humans and other creatures the angels accurately refer to the possibility of creating corruption and bloodshed. However, they did not see the value of voluntary goodness compared to their own compulsory goodness. Therefore, by considering freely choosing goodness as the criterion for human dignity, these two verses can be easily interpreted.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints. 医生的职业声誉如何受损？患者、护士和医生的观点。

IF 0.9

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389

Ali Abdollahi, Mina Mobasher

{"title":"How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints.","authors":"Ali Abdollahi, Mina Mobasher","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v17i1.15389","url":null,"abstract":"As a rule, physicians' reputation significantly influences public confidence in the medical profession. Unfortunately, the societal perception of physicians in contemporary Iran appears to be negatively impacted. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze and elucidate the fundamental causes of this phenomenon. This qualitative study employed content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022. The study population consisted of 6 physicians, 6 nurses and 12 patients in the the affiliated hospitals in Kerman University of Medical Sciences selected through purposive sampling. Extraction of the main themes followed the Graneheim and Lundman approach, and data management was facilitated through MAXQDA 20. The study identified five themes encapsulating the causes for damage to physicians' reputation: physicians' relationship with patients, physicians' relationship with the community, physicians' relationship with the medical profession, challenges within medical practice, and challenges related to medical education. Within these themes, a total of 38 subthemes emerged. The primary drivers that seem to damage physicians' reputation include: non-effective communication, negative public attitudes toward certain physicians and medical centers due to malpractice, illegitimate relationships of physicians, gaps in physicians' skills, insufficient education, and ethical lapses. It was concluded that several infrastructural elements negatively impact physicians' reputation. Consequently, it is recommended to monitor the professional behaviors, practices and relationships of physicians, while scrutinizing the medical education system.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale. 波斯语版护理道德脱离量表的心理测量特性。

IF 1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614

Ali Mohammadpour, Hoda Salehi, Mahdi Basiri Moghaddam

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale.","authors":"Ali Mohammadpour, Hoda Salehi, Mahdi Basiri Moghaddam","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v16i15.14614","url":null,"abstract":"Moral disengagement is a set of cognitive mechanisms through which a person violates his/her moral standards without losing his/her dignity. Therefore, a tool has been designed to measure moral disengagement in nurses. This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the Nursing Moral Disengagement scale. In this methodological study, 440 nurses working in hospitals of Mashhad were selected by the availability sampling method. The translation was carried out using the forward-backward method. The final version of the tool was psychometrically tested for validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (internal consistency and relative stability). Four factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis, and since the factor loadings of all the tool items were higher than 0.3, they were all retained. The tool's general fit indices indicated the model's confirmation and optimal fit. Cronbach's alpha and relative stability coefficients for the whole questionnaire were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. The study results showed that this tool has good validity and reliability and can therefore measure behaviors related to moral disengagement in nurses, so that appropriate interventions can be designed to reduce these harmful behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0