Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine最新文献

Utilizing short videos as a reflective method for teaching medical ethics concepts: an exciting experience for both students and their teacher. 利用短视频作为教学医学伦理概念的反思性方法：对学生和老师来说都是一次令人兴奋的经历。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i12.22424

Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Mina Mobasher, Habibeh Ahmadipour, Reza Malekpour Afshar, Abbas Pardakhty

{"title":"Utilizing short videos as a reflective method for teaching medical ethics concepts: an exciting experience for both students and their teacher.","authors":"Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Mina Mobasher, Habibeh Ahmadipour, Reza Malekpour Afshar, Abbas Pardakhty","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i12.22424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i12.22424","url":null,"abstract":"Educational approaches to teaching medical ethics are often successful provided that they engage students actively in class. The present study set out to develop, implement, and evaluate an instructional approach to teaching medical ethics using brief dramatized videos to present common clinical ethical dilemmas in culturally respectful, psychologically safe formats. Five short educational videos were created based on the general medical ethics curriculum in Iran, each depicting a specific ethical issue (informed consent, truth-telling, patient privacy, medical errors, and conflicts of interest). The videos featured child actors and were used in interactive classroom sessions over two academic semesters. This educational approach was evaluated by conducting a cross-sectional survey based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model. The evaluation showed high levels of student satisfaction across all four CIPP domains, with particularly strong scores in student engagement, video content quality, and application of ethical principles. Students reported that the video-based sessions helped them better understand ethical challenges and facilitated deeper reflection on professional behavior. It appears that short, culturally sensitive educational videos have the potential to serve as an effective tool for teaching medical ethics. We therefore recommend future implementation across diverse educational contexts and studies.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From entertainment to practice: teaching humanity, medical ethics, and professionalism through The Pitt series, Season 1. 从娱乐到实践：通过皮特系列，第一季，教授人性，医学伦理和专业精神。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-08-15 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i11.22352

Bahar Nasirzadeh, Maliheh Kadivar

引用次数: 0

Quarantine, diplomacy, and epidemics: Jean-Étienne-Justin Schneider and the Bubonic Plague of Sīstān in 1906. 检疫、外交和流行病：1906年让·-Étienne-Justin施耐德和Sīstān的黑死病。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-08-08 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i10.22301

Samaneh Arabian, Arman Zargaran, Mohammad Sadr, Hamidreza Namazi, Mohammad Hossein Ayati

{"title":"Quarantine, diplomacy, and epidemics: Jean-Étienne-Justin Schneider and the Bubonic Plague of Sīstān in 1906.","authors":"Samaneh Arabian, Arman Zargaran, Mohammad Sadr, Hamidreza Namazi, Mohammad Hossein Ayati","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i10.22301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i10.22301","url":null,"abstract":"The 1906 Sīstān bubonic plague was one of the most significant public health crises of the late Qājār period. This study examines the role of Jean-Étienne-Justin Schneider (1854-1917), head of the Central Sanitary Council (Majles-e Ḥefẓ al-Ṣeḥḥa), in implementing quarantine policies and their impact on the institutionalization of modern medicine and the expansion of public health interventions in Iran. For this purpose, a historical-analytical approach was employed to examine resources from the Center for Documents and Diplomatic History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as contemporary sources. The outbreak of the bubonic plague in Sīstān and the enforcement of quarantine measures not only had significant health consequences but also heightened concerns among Iranian officials and Russian and British representatives. Within this context, Dr. Schneider played a central role in crisis management and disease control by designing and implementing quarantine protocols and coordinating across institutions in Iran. The challenges encountered in implementing quarantine during the 1906 Sīstān bubonic plague outbreak marked a turning point in Iran's public health history. This epidemic illustrates the impact of crises on administrative reforms and regional relations.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How widespread is bullying in university-affiliated hospitals in Isfahan? a cross-sectional study from Iran. 伊斯法罕大学附属医院的欺凌现象有多普遍？来自伊朗的横断面研究。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i8.22042

Mahdi Badiee Gavarti, Mehran Rashidi, Neda Yavari

{"title":"How widespread is bullying in university-affiliated hospitals in Isfahan? a cross-sectional study from Iran.","authors":"Mahdi Badiee Gavarti, Mehran Rashidi, Neda Yavari","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i8.22042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i8.22042","url":null,"abstract":"Bullying behaviors may undermine ethical standards in clinical education. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bullying behaviors in university-affiliated hospitals and to identify the characteristics of victims and perpetrators. This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students during the autumn of 2022. Data were collected using a validated and reliable researcher-designed questionnaire that assessed demographic characteristics, experiences with different types of bullying, perceived perpetrators, inquiries about seeking support, and awareness of preventive policies. Among the 297 participants (response rate: 72.4%; mean age: 24.50 ± 1.36 years; females: 65.3%; interns: 46.8%), 90.6% reported experiencing at least one form of bullying during clinical training. The most frequently reported types of bullying were psychological (81.1%), behavioral (80.5%), and verbal (61.3%). Internship and a self-declared history of psychological problems were associated with higher reports of bullying (P-value < 0.05). Residents (93.7%) and clinical faculty members (91.4%) were most commonly identified as perpetrators. These findings indicate that bullying in clinical education is a significant ethical issue that may undermine professional development and respectful clinical practice. The results underscore the need for ethically grounded institutional interventions to prevent mistreatment and support the students at risk.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical insights into toxic alcohol consumption in Iran: a call for a public health approach. 对伊朗有毒酒精消费的伦理见解：呼吁采取公共卫生办法。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-29 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i7.21992

Maryam Modabber, Vahid Moazzen, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki

{"title":"Ethical insights into toxic alcohol consumption in Iran: a call for a public health approach.","authors":"Maryam Modabber, Vahid Moazzen, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i7.21992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i7.21992","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the legal prohibition of alcohol in Iran, consumption of non-standard and often toxic alcoholic beverages continues to present a significant public health challenge. Methanol poisoning and associated mortality underscore the urgent need to address alcohol-related harms through ethical and population-centered strategies. This analysis employs the three core goals of contemporary public health-autonomy, well-being, and equality-integrating both duty-based and outcome-oriented ethical reasoning to evaluate current responses and guide interventions. A public health approach is necessary to address ethical issues such as disproportionate impact on young adults and socioeconomically vulnerable groups. A public health centered approach that emphasizes prevention, protection, and health promotion provides opportunities to reduce harm, improve health outcomes, and empower individuals even within restrictive legal and cultural environments. Lessons from national experiences in harm reduction and public health interventions, such as programs for substance addiction and sexually transmitted disease control, particularly HIV control, demonstrate that effective and ethically grounded strategies are achievable even when such certain behaviors such as sex work or alcohol consumption are legally sanctioned or even criminalized. These experiences highlight the moral responsibility of public health authorities to protect vulnerable populations while promoting collective well-being through inclusive, evidence-based, and context-sensitive measures.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From theory to practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ethical sensitivity in Iranian nursing students. 从理论到实践：伊朗护理学生伦理敏感性的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-20 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i6.21913

Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Fazel Dehvan, Kimia Bigdeli, Simin Sharafi

{"title":"From theory to practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ethical sensitivity in Iranian nursing students.","authors":"Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Fazel Dehvan, Kimia Bigdeli, Simin Sharafi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i6.21913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i6.21913","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical sensitivity is vital for nursing students as it affects decision-making and care quality. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed ethical sensitivity among Iranian nursing students. For this purpose, databases (MagIran, SID, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched up to December 30, 2024. Observational studies reporting ethical sensitivity scores were selected, and scores were standardized to a 0-100 scale. Heterogeneity was assessed using I², and analyses were performed with STATA. Sixteen studies yielded a pooled ethical sensitivity score of 67% (95% CI: 62-72), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 87.2%). Subgroup analyses (by publication year and language) and meta-regression (age, sample size) identified no significant moderators, and sensitivity analysis and trim-and-fill confirmed the stability of the estimate. Based on the findings, ethical sensitivity among Iranian nursing students is moderate, which highlights the need for targeted educational interventions and enhanced clinical experiences.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between social intelligence, moral courage, and resilience in nurses: a cross-sectional correlational study. 护士社会智力、道德勇气与心理弹性的关系：一项横断面相关研究。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-16 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i5.21901

Rozita Cheraghi, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Saeid Musavi, Maedeh Alizadeh

{"title":"The relationship between social intelligence, moral courage, and resilience in nurses: a cross-sectional correlational study.","authors":"Rozita Cheraghi, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Saeid Musavi, Maedeh Alizadeh","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i5.21901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i5.21901","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 479 nurses working at educational and medical centers affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2022-2023 to examine the relationships among social intelligence, moral courage, and resilience. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected using validated Persian versions of the TSIS Social Intelligence Scale, Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale, and the CD-RISC Resilience Scale, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.75, 0.85, and 0.94, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. The findings showed that nurses had moderate social intelligence scores (94.98 ± 14.55) and relatively high moral courage (78.99 ± 17.98), while their resilience level was moderate to high (65.77 ± 15.56). A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between resilience and both social intelligence and moral courage (P < 0.001). Given the importance of resilience in stressful nursing environments and the positive influence of social intelligence and moral courage on resilience, educational interventions focusing on these characteristics may help improve nurses' resilience.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking health and disease in the age of the cyborg: Conceptual challenges for philosophy of medicine. 在机器人时代重新思考健康和疾病：医学哲学的概念挑战。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-13 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i4.21773

Alireza Monajemi

{"title":"Rethinking health and disease in the age of the cyborg: Conceptual challenges for philosophy of medicine.","authors":"Alireza Monajemi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i4.21773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i4.21773","url":null,"abstract":"Concepts of health and disease occupy a foundational position within medicine, shaping clinical decision-making, research agendas, public health policies, and ethical evaluation. Despite their differences, both naturalistic and normativist approaches to health and disease share an organism-centered orientation. While these frameworks have offered important insights, their underlying assumptions have become increasingly difficult to sustain in contemporary medical practice. Advances in medical technology have produced forms of embodiment in which implantable devices, long-term pharmacological regulation, neurotechnological interventions, and algorithmic decision systems play a constitutive role in regulating bodily functions and clinical judgment. In such contexts, technology can no longer be understood as merely external to a self-contained organism. Drawing on the concept of the cyborg condition, this paper analyzes the growing interdependence between biological and technological elements in medicine. Against this background, the paper critically examines naturalistic and normativist theories, focusing on their reliance on biological norms and species-typical functioning. As technological interventions become pervasive, distinctions between natural and artificial, internal and external, and therapy and enhancement grow increasingly unstable. Rather than proposing a complete alternative theory, the paper highlights the limits of existing frameworks and argues for a more relational and systemic view in which health and disease are understood as features of human-technology systems.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical considerations regarding medical tourism in Iran: a qualitative study. 关于伊朗医疗旅游的伦理考虑：一项定性研究。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-10 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i3.21772

Nasrin Abbasi, Leila Afshar, Mehrzad Kiani, Shabnam Bazmi

{"title":"Ethical considerations regarding medical tourism in Iran: a qualitative study.","authors":"Nasrin Abbasi, Leila Afshar, Mehrzad Kiani, Shabnam Bazmi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i3.21772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i3.21772","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of medical tourism, the provision of elective healthcare across borders, has raised complex ethical challenges. In Iran, the significant expansion of this industry can be attributed to advanced expertise and relatively low costs. This qualitative study examined the critical ethical issues in medical tourism in Iran through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected ethics scholars, managers, healthcare providers, facilitators, and international patients, using maximum variation sampling. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and refined through expert consensus, yielding 215 meaning units. Analyses revealed four thematic domains: rights and ethical entitlements of stakeholders; financial responsibility and economic equity; sociocultural determinants of ethical practice; and governance and regulatory accountability, with governance and regulation-particularly legislative gaps and weak coordination-emerging as the top ethical concern. Findings demonstrate the need for coherent policies and ethical frameworks to safeguard stakeholder rights, integrate ethics into planning, and align practices with both local values and global standards.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The unkindest cut: castration, power, and early bioethical deliberations in ancient medicine and the Persian tradition. 最残忍的切割：阉割，权力，以及古代医学和波斯传统中的早期生物伦理审议。

IF 1.1

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v19i2.21706

Mohsen Shamsi, Mohammad Hossein Asadi, Azam Khosravi, Mahboobeh Ranjbar, Ali Zarei, Saeed Changizi-Ashtiyani

{"title":"The unkindest cut: castration, power, and early bioethical deliberations in ancient medicine and the Persian tradition.","authors":"Mohsen Shamsi, Mohammad Hossein Asadi, Azam Khosravi, Mahboobeh Ranjbar, Ali Zarei, Saeed Changizi-Ashtiyani","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v19i2.21706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v19i2.21706","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the history of male castration, tracing its evolution from an ancient practice used for punishment and court control in civilizations like Sumer and China to a topic of sophisticated medical and ethical debate in the Persian world. The research highlights the important work of Persian physicians such as Rhazes, Avicenna, and Jorjani, who carefully recorded and improved surgical techniques-including total removal (hence the Arabic term Khasi, meaning \"castrated\"), and blood vessel ligation-within a detailed medical framework. Significantly, these scholars developed a strong and systematic ethical stance opposing non-therapeutic castration, condemning it as a breach of the body's natural, divinely ordained condition. Although earlier traditions expressed concerns about bodily integrity, their incorporation into a formal medical-ethical system marks a key milestone in medical ethics. This established the mentioned physicians as prominent advocates for bodily integrity, a concept that has often been challenging to political authorities. By combining historical and medical perspectives, the paper argues that castration should not be regarded merely as a social custom, as it unintentionally facilitated early advances in surgery and endocrinology. Ultimately, the study underscores the ongoing conflict between medical ethics and political power, offering a nuanced insight into the interplay of science, morality, and authority throughout history.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0