Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine最新文献_第10页

Professionalism workshops tailored for nurses. 专为护士而设的专业工作坊。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-10-21 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i14.1643

Shahram Samadi, Zahra Shahvari

引用次数: 0

Application of narrative in medical ethics. 叙事在医学伦理学中的应用。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-10-21 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i13.1642

Saeideh Daryazadeh

引用次数: 7

Validity, reliability and acceptability of Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) for emergency medicine residency training. 急诊医学住院医师专业精神迷你评估练习的效度、信度和可接受性。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-10-15 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i12.1641

Leila Amirhajlou, Ali Bidari, Fateme Alipour, Mehdi Yaseri, Samira Vaziri, Mahdi Rezai, Nader Tavakoli, Davood Farsi, Mohammad Reza Yasinzadeh, Reza Mosaddegh, Akram Hashemi

{"title":"Validity, reliability and acceptability of Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) for emergency medicine residency training.","authors":"Leila Amirhajlou, Ali Bidari, Fateme Alipour, Mehdi Yaseri, Samira Vaziri, Mahdi Rezai, Nader Tavakoli, Davood Farsi, Mohammad Reza Yasinzadeh, Reza Mosaddegh, Akram Hashemi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v12i12.1641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i12.1641","url":null,"abstract":"Professionalism is a core competency in the medical profession. In this paper, we aimed to confirm the validity, reliability and acceptability of the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) instrument for the emergency medicine (EM) residency program. Twenty-two EM attending physicians completed 383 P-MEX forms (the Persian version) for 90 EM residents. Construct validity was assessed via structural equation modeling (SEM). The reliability coefficient was estimated by the generalizability theory, and acceptability was assessed using two researcher-made questionnaires to evaluate the perspectives of residents and assessors. There was a consensus among the participants regarding the content of P-MEX. According to the results of SEM, the first implementation of the original model was associated with a moderate fit and high item loadings. The model modified with correlated error variances for two pairs of items showed an appropriate fit. The reliability of P-MEX was 0.81 for 14 occasions. The perception survey indicated high acceptability for P-MEX from the viewpoint of the residents and increasing satisfaction with P-MEX among the assessors over time. According to the results of the research, P-MEX is a reliable, valid, and acceptable instrument for assessing professionalism in EM residents.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"12 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37867223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Clinical teachers as positive and negative role models: an explanatory sequential mixed method design. 临床教师作为正面与负面榜样:解释性序贯混合方法设计。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-09-04 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i11.1448

Leila Bazrafkan, Ali Asghar Hayat, Seyed Ziaaddin Tabei, Leila Amirsalari

{"title":"Clinical teachers as positive and negative role models: an explanatory sequential mixed method design.","authors":"Leila Bazrafkan, Ali Asghar Hayat, Seyed Ziaaddin Tabei, Leila Amirsalari","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v12i11.1448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i11.1448","url":null,"abstract":"Today, role modeling is an essential component of medical education that facilitates the students' learning and affects their attitudes and behaviors. Hence, this study aimed to examine the characteristics of positive and negative role models using a mixed method approach. In the quantitative part, data were collected using a questionnaire with 24 items. The research population included medical students who were in their clinical period between May 2017 and December 2018 at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (n = 750). A total of 282 questionnaires were completed by these students, and in the qualitative part, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. The most important components of role modeling for students included: individual characteristics, clinical skills and competence, teaching skills and professionalism, in that order. The qualitative analysis confirmed the results of the quantitative analysis. The findings showed that the characteristics of a negative role model can also be classified in four main components. The results demonstrated that 46.8% of the students identified one or more medical teachers as negative models. Students paid attention to not only the positive characteristics of their teachers, but also their negative features, stating that they had been influenced by both. Therefore, it can be concluded that clinical teachers should improve their performance as positive role models through reducing these negative effects and reinforcing positive characteristics.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"12 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37867222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Perspectives of Hinduism and Zoroastrianism on abortion: a comparative study between two pro-life ancient sisters. 印度教和琐罗亚斯德教对堕胎的看法:两个反对堕胎的古老姐妹的比较研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-05 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i9.1340

Kiarash Aramesh

{"title":"Perspectives of Hinduism and Zoroastrianism on abortion: a comparative study between two pro-life ancient sisters.","authors":"Kiarash Aramesh","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v12i9.1340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i9.1340","url":null,"abstract":"Hinduism and Zoroastrianism have strong historical bonds and share similar value-systems. As an instance, both of these religions are pro-life. Abortion has been explicitly mentioned in Zoroastrian Holy Scriptures including Avesta, Shayast-Nashayast and Arda Viraf Nameh. According to Zoroastrian moral teachings, abortion is evil for two reasons: killing an innocent and intrinsically good person, and the contamination caused by the dead body (Nashu). In Hinduism, the key concepts involving moral deliberations on abortion are Ahimsa, Karma and reincarnation. Accordingly, abortion deliberately disrupts the process of reincarnation, and killing an innocent human being is not only in contrast with the concept of Ahimsa, but also places a serious karmic burden on its agent. The most noteworthy similarity between Zoroastrianism and Hinduism is their pro-life approach. The concept of Asha in Zoroastrianism is like the concept of Dharma in Hinduism, referring to a superior law of the universe and the bright path of life for the believers. In terms of differences, Zoroastrianism is a religion boasting a God, a prophet, and a Holy book, while Hinduism lacks all these features. Instead of reincarnation and rebirth, Zoroastrianism, like Abrahamic religions, believes in the afterlife. Also, in contrast with the concept of Karma , in Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda can either punish or forgive sins.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"12 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37867282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The relationship between moral distress in nurses and ethical climate in selected hospitals of the Iranian social security organization. 伊朗社会保障组织选定医院中护士道德困境与道德氛围之间的关系。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-04 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i8.1339

Mina Bayat, Mohsen Shahriari, Mahrokh Keshvari

{"title":"The relationship between moral distress in nurses and ethical climate in selected hospitals of the Iranian social security organization.","authors":"Mina Bayat, Mohsen Shahriari, Mahrokh Keshvari","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v12i8.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i8.1339","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the relation between nurses' moral distress and the ethical climate in selected hospitals of the Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO). This descriptive-analytical correlational study was conducted in 6 hospitals under the coverage of the Iranian Social Security Organization in 2016. Three hundred nurses were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were gathered using Corley's Standard Moral Distress and Olson's Hospital Ethical Climate Scales. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. The mean score of the nurses' moral distress was 1.94 ± 0.66, which is considered moderate. The mean score of ethical climate was 88.97, indicating desirable ethical climate in these hospitals. The frequency score of moral distress had a unilateral reverse correlation with the total score of ethical climate as well as its dimensions, including colleagues, patients, hospitals and physicians. The score of the intensity of nurses' moral distress also had a unilateral reverse correlation with the total score of ethical climate and the scores of the hospital and physicians dimensions. These results emphasized the importance of creating a positive ethical climate to decrease moral distress as well as the need for professional interventions to increase support in moral issues.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"12 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37867281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review 检视管理虐待老人的伦理挑战:系统回顾

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.18502/JMEHM.V12I7.1115

Afsaneh Saghafi, F. Bahramnezhad, Afsaneh Poormollamirza, A. Dadgari, E. Navab

{"title":"Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review","authors":"Afsaneh Saghafi, F. Bahramnezhad, Afsaneh Poormollamirza, A. Dadgari, E. Navab","doi":"10.18502/JMEHM.V12I7.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/JMEHM.V12I7.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Elder abuse is an increasingly intangible phenomenon that has created numerous ethical issues for care teams and caregivers. Although different studies have concentrated on various ethical issues regarding abuse, no study has arrived at a comprehensive conclusion. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the existing ethical challenges in this context. For this purpose, two researchers familiar with systematic search approach examined national and international journals on PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Scientific Information Database (SID) and similar databases between January and February 2017. They were able to find 116 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally selected 15 articles based on the predesigned questions. The findings were classified in five subtitles as follow: 1) the common definition of elder abuse, 2) a comprehensive legislation on elder abuse, 3) comprehensive ethical principles about elder abuse, 4) ethical considerations regarding patients without competency, and 5) reporting and sharing information about elder abuse. The study results revealed no common definition and no legislation about elder abuse, and also showed that health care providers’ observance of ethical principles depends on the ethical and legal conditions of the community. Nowadays, elder abuse is a serious problem in many countries. Cultural and religious differences are the reasons for lack of a common definition and legislations, which comprises the biggest obstacle to protecting the rights of elderly people. It is clear that ethical principles should be respected as far as a person has competency. Furthermore, localization of clinical guidelines related to this issue leads to proper functioning of health care providers, especially nurses as the first line of treatment.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Factors influencing the attitudes of NICU physicians toward care of neonates with very poor prognosis 影响新生儿重症监护病房医生对预后极差新生儿护理态度的因素

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.18502/JMEHM.V12I6.1114

F. Nayeri, F. Asghari, Ali Baser, L. Janani, M. Shariat, K. Tanha, Bita Eabrhim

{"title":"Factors influencing the attitudes of NICU physicians toward care of neonates with very poor prognosis","authors":"F. Nayeri, F. Asghari, Ali Baser, L. Janani, M. Shariat, K. Tanha, Bita Eabrhim","doi":"10.18502/JMEHM.V12I6.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/JMEHM.V12I6.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Attitudes of physicians toward neonates with poor prognosis greatly influence their decisions regarding the course of treatment and care. The present study aimed to investigate factors contributing to attitudes of medical practitioners toward poor prognosis neonates. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study. Questionnaires for assessing subjects’ attitudes toward care of very poor prognosis neonates were administered to all neonatologists, pediatricians, neonatology assistants, and pediatric residents (a total of 88 individuals) working in the NICUs of Imam Khomeini Hospital. Participants’ attitudes were determined through analysis of responses to seven questions on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. Presence of anomalies incompatible with an acceptable quality of life, birth weight, gestational age, responses to neonatal diagnostic tests, certain types of diseases, parental marital status and practitioner predictions about patient prognosis were the factors contributing to practitioners’ attitude (P-value < 0.005). However, no significant relationship was found in connection with religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, opinions of consulting physicians, hospital treatment protocols, standards of the Association of Neonatal Physicians, and ethics committee expectations (P-value > 0.005). It can be concluded that the attitudes of practitioners toward intensive care of poor prognosis neonates is determined by the medical condition of the neonate rather than socio-demographic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lived experiences of nursing students about ethical concerns regarding mobile learning in educational and clinical contexts 护理学生在教育和临床环境中关于移动学习的伦理问题的生活经验

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.18502/JMEHM.V12I5.858

H. Koohestani, N. Baghcheghi, M. Karimy, Morteza Hemmat, M. Shamsizadeh

{"title":"Lived experiences of nursing students about ethical concerns regarding mobile learning in educational and clinical contexts","authors":"H. Koohestani, N. Baghcheghi, M. Karimy, Morteza Hemmat, M. Shamsizadeh","doi":"10.18502/JMEHM.V12I5.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/JMEHM.V12I5.858","url":null,"abstract":"The field of education has experienced a profound change following the introduction of mobile technology over the last decades, and nursing education is not an exception. This study explored the experiences of nursing students about the ethical concerns regarding the use of mobile devices for learning purposes, that is, mobile learning, in educational and clinical contexts. A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out on nursing students (n = 19) in Saveh University of Medical Sciences of Iran between December 2017 and April 2018. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Data analysis was done using Colaizzi’s 7-step method, revealing four themes and nine sub-themes including: 1) preserving professional dignity (in front of the patient, and the teacher, and preserving academic virtual identity); 2) securing informed consent and respecting personal (the patient’s and teachers) autonomy; 3) proper and efficient use (observing the regulations and codes, and making educational use); and 4) avoiding harm (responsible use of class and patient data). It was revealed that using mobile technology in education could raise ethical concerns for nursing students, and this should be emphasized in nursing educational programs.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Ethical considerations in the biomedical research: analysis of national biomedical research ethics guidelines in Iran. 生物医学研究中的伦理考虑：伊朗国家生物医学研究伦理指南分析。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2019-04-17 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01

Amirhossein Mardani, Maryam Nakhoda, Alireza Noruzi, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki

{"title":"Ethical considerations in the biomedical research: analysis of national biomedical research ethics guidelines in Iran.","authors":"Amirhossein Mardani, Maryam Nakhoda, Alireza Noruzi, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The national guidelines for biomedical research ethics are approved by the \"National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research\" at the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education as the regulatory body for biomedical research in the country. The focus of these guidelines should be on the ethical issues related to different stages of the research process, which would lead to increased research integrity and better supervision of research activities. The present study analyzed the contents of these national guidelines to clarify the ethical considerations connected to the five stages of a research process including 1) proposing, 2) approval, 3) operation, 4) documentation and 5) publishing. The findings showed that the assessed guidelines laid more emphasis on the ethical considerations related to the research operation stage rather than the proposal stage. In other words, activities such as identification of the research problem, formulation of hypotheses and questions, financial evaluation, data analysis and data interpretation did not receive adequate attention in these guidelines. Most of the guidelines presented subject categories such as the rights of participants and supervisory considerations in the \"research operation stage\", ethical considerations in the \"evaluation and approval procedure stage\", and editorial responsibilities in the \"research review and publication stage\". In general, despite noticeable content for guiding researchers for ethical conduction of research the national guidelines are not adequately developed to cover comprehensive and sufficient ethical considerations regarding all the activities of research.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"12 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0