Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine最新文献_第9页

Thoughts about "other" patients' rights during COVID-19 pandemic. 关于COVID-19大流行期间“其他”患者权利的思考。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-16 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i11.4386

Dimosthenis Chrysikos, Constantinos G Zografos, George C Zografos

引用次数: 2

Turning unprofessional behaviors around using Holmes' reflection approach: a randomized controlled study. 利用霍姆斯的反思方法扭转非专业行为：随机对照研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-16 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i12.4388

Leila Naeimi, Fariba Asghari, Saharnaz Nedjat, Azim Mirzazadeh, Mahsa Abbaszadeh, Ali Reza Sima, Sara Mortaz Hejri

{"title":"Turning unprofessional behaviors around using Holmes' reflection approach: a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Leila Naeimi, Fariba Asghari, Saharnaz Nedjat, Azim Mirzazadeh, Mahsa Abbaszadeh, Ali Reza Sima, Sara Mortaz Hejri","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i12.4388","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i12.4388","url":null,"abstract":"Many medical schools around the world have included professionalism training in their formal curriculum. However, these efforts may not be adequate; given the exposure of students to unprofessional behaviors in the clinical settings. In the present study, we aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a longitudinal program to improve professionalism among medical students upon their transition to clinical settings. A total of 75 medical students were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to two groups. The control group did not receive any training, while for the intervention group; a 10-hour program through 16 weeks was organized based on the Holmes' reflection approach. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by measuring three outcomes in both groups. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test and Multiple Linear Regression. Scores of judgment of professionalism increased in the intervention group (from 7.56 to 10.17; P< 0.001), while there was no significant improvement in the control group's scores. Students' attitudes towards professionalism and their professional behaviors did not change significantly. Based on our findings, the Holmes reflection approach helps students improve their cognitive base of professionalism. Long-term follow-up and further qualitative studies will help us better understand the effects of this approach on other desirable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38614403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ebola, quarantine, and the need for a new ethical framework. 埃博拉，隔离，以及对新道德框架的需求。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-08-26 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i9.4078

Corey Benjamin Moore

引用次数: 2

A brief historical overview of the anatomy of fascia in medieval Persian medicine. 中世纪波斯医学中筋膜解剖的简要历史概述。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-08-25 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i7.4073

Mohsen Bahrami, Saeed Shokri, Reza Mastery Farahani, Majid Dadmehr

引用次数: 2

Policy considerations to achieve practical ethics: closing the gap between ethical theory and practic. 实现实践伦理的政策考量:缩小伦理理论与实践之间的差距。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-08-25 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i8.4075

Mansure Madani, Nazafarin Ghasemzadeh, Ali Dizani, Ahad Faramarz Gharamaleki, Bagher Larijani

{"title":"Policy considerations to achieve practical ethics: closing the gap between ethical theory and practic.","authors":"Mansure Madani, Nazafarin Ghasemzadeh, Ali Dizani, Ahad Faramarz Gharamaleki, Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i8.4075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i8.4075","url":null,"abstract":"Social and professional behaviors are driven by extrinsic as well as intrinsic factors including executive rules and regulations enacted by extrinsic agents through coercion, police force and penalties. Despite their effectiveness, these mechanisms undermine the fact that ethics is an intrinsic human quality. The present study seeks strategies to apply extrinsic coercion as an incentive to direct ethics as an intrinsic value. Ethical behaviors driven by intrinsic motivations are more permanent and less costly. Legal force can either strengthen or weaken intrinsic requirements. Extrinsic conditions such as considering the interests, attitudes and preferences of others, involving people in the regulation and execution of law, justification of law, avoiding excessive punishment or rewards, and indirect support of ethics by establishing the appropriate social context can help boost intrinsic requirements in individuals. Ethics will not be practically established unless we harness individuals' 'willingness to act' as an essential determinant for ethical behavior. This requires adoption of a more psychological approach to ethics. If this aspect of ethical behavior is considered in regulations and executive processes, extrinsic forces can strengthen intrinsic requirements and spread ethics.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38635838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward history of medicine. 医学生对医学史的认识与态度。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-08-25 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i6.4071

Alireza Salehi, Hourieh Afsharipur, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Mina Vojoud, Leila Bazrafkan, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi

{"title":"Medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward history of medicine.","authors":"Alireza Salehi, Hourieh Afsharipur, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Mina Vojoud, Leila Bazrafkan, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i6.4071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i6.4071","url":null,"abstract":"Attention to the history of medicine (HM) has been increasing enormously among the scientific community. History of Culture and Civilization of Iran and Islam (HCCII) is taught in medical schools as a required course. However, data on medical students' level of knowledge and attitude about HM is limited. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted between 2016 and 2017. A multi-stage random cluster sampling was done in which 230 medical students were asked to fill a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Univariate statistical tests and ordinary multivariable linear regression were applied. Medical students' knowledge level was 50.8%, which is considered fair and weak. Interestingly, the knowledge score of those who attended only in HCCII course did not differ significantly from those who did not attend this course (P = 0.163). The results showed that knowledge scores were considerably greater in those who participated in related volunteer workshops than those who did not (P = 0.0001). The mean score of attitude toward HM was significantly higher in female subjects than male subjects (P = 0.028). Moreover, data indicated that attendance at the HCCII course and workshops was not associated with improvement in attitude. According to the outcomes, the authors recommend revising the content, teaching method and structure of the HCCII course curriculum.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38635836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the importance and observance of the patient's bill of rights from the perspectives of patients and personnel of hospitals in Kerman. 从克尔曼医院患者和医务人员的角度比较患者权利法案的重要性和遵守情况。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-06-02 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i5.4070

Mahlagha Dehghan, Roghayeh Mehdipour-Rabori, Masoud Rayani, Mohammad Ali Zakeri, Mina Mobasher, Maryam Iranmanesh, Narges Rezai

{"title":"Comparison of the importance and observance of the patient's bill of rights from the perspectives of patients and personnel of hospitals in Kerman.","authors":"Mahlagha Dehghan, Roghayeh Mehdipour-Rabori, Masoud Rayani, Mohammad Ali Zakeri, Mina Mobasher, Maryam Iranmanesh, Narges Rezai","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i5.4070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i5.4070","url":null,"abstract":"Patients' rights are among the most important criteria for evaluating the quality of health services. The current study aimed to determine the importance and observance of the patient's bill of rights. This cross-sectional study was done in Kerman, Iran. The research samples were 217 patients and 204 personnel. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in the scope of the patient's bill of rights, and data were analyzed by SPSS 15. The results showed a significant difference between patients and the personnel on the subject of the patient's bill of rights and most of its dimensions (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference was found between their views on the observance of the patient's bill of rights and its dimensions. Also, 35.9% of patients as well as 25% of personnel considered the observance of patients' rights unfavorable. The participants were aware of the importance of the patient's bill of rights. It is necessary, however, to codify and approve the laws related to the rights of patients.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38635835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

What is hidden in hidden curriculum? a qualitative study in medicine. 隐藏课程中隐藏着什么?医学上的定性研究

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-05-10 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i4.2843

Shahram Yazdani, Mohammad Reza Andarvazh, Leila Afshar

{"title":"What is hidden in hidden curriculum? a qualitative study in medicine.","authors":"Shahram Yazdani, Mohammad Reza Andarvazh, Leila Afshar","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i4.2843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i4.2843","url":null,"abstract":"The hidden curriculum is considered to be between the designed and experienced curricula. One of the challenges that medical educators face is to understand what students learn in real clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to answer this question: What is hidden in hidden medical curriculum? This study was a qualitative content analysis. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was performed through unstructured interviews and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using MAXQDA10 software. Data validity was confirmed based on the proposed Lincoln and Guba criteria. The main theme that emerged in this study was implicit learning. Professional ethics, spiritual, social and cultural issues, and clinical skills are the five major themes that were presented in this study. These themes and their subthemes are transferred during an implicit learning experience in hidden curriculum. Since a wide range of issues are mostly transferred by hidden curriculum, it is essential to have a dynamic approach to educational environments. This is especially important in clinical settings, as the process of learning is constantly happening in the backyard.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38516256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Personal factors affecting medical professionalism: a qualitative study in Iran. 影响医疗专业精神的个人因素:伊朗的定性研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-05-05 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i3.2842

Fateme Alipour, Zahra Shahvari, Fariba Asghari, Shahram Samadi, Homayoun Amini

{"title":"Personal factors affecting medical professionalism: a qualitative study in Iran.","authors":"Fateme Alipour, Zahra Shahvari, Fariba Asghari, Shahram Samadi, Homayoun Amini","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i3.2842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i3.2842","url":null,"abstract":"Professional behavior with patients and interactions with colleagues, the institution and professional bodies are influenced by many factors. The purpose of this manuscript is to clarify those personal factors affecting medical professionalism in clinical settings affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out. One hundred and eighty-two participants were recruited through purposive sampling of clinical staff, physicians, and medical students in Tehran. Data were collected through 22 focus group discussions, and conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results were reported in five categories to present the participants' views. Categories were extracted from 103 codes and consisted of 1) people's belief in professionalism, 2) personality traits, 3) problems in family, 4) mental or physical health status, and 5) communication skills. The results showed that despite the facilitator roles of some personal factors, others act as barriers to professional behaviors. In order to control their impact, it is crucial to pay attention to them at the time of student/staff selection. Strengthening support systems in the organization is also essential for decreasing the effect of family problems or physical and mental health problems.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38516255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Ethical considerations and challenges of sex education for adolescents in Iran: a qualitative study. 伊朗青少年性教育的伦理考虑和挑战:一项定性研究。

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Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Pub Date : 2020-04-11 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v13i2.2664

Kobra Joodaki, Saharnaz Nedjat, Marziyeh Vahid Dastjerdi, Bagher Larijani

{"title":"Ethical considerations and challenges of sex education for adolescents in Iran: a qualitative study.","authors":"Kobra Joodaki, Saharnaz Nedjat, Marziyeh Vahid Dastjerdi, Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.18502/jmehm.v13i2.2664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i2.2664","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a period in one's lifetime during which sexual maturation occurs. Major changes and increased sexual instinct raise many questions in the minds of adolescents. Receiving wrong education or inappropriate information can affect adolescents' life and future deeply. Obviously, ethical considerations cannot be ignored in nationwide macro policies and educational programs on such a sensitive issue. In this qualitative study, we attempted to explore the ethical considerations and challenges of sex education for adolescents. The study was conducted between May 2015 and March 2017. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 participants, and MAXQDA 11 was used for coding. Six hundred sixty-two codes (662) were extracted and classified into four categories: 1) the potential risks of sex education for adolescents; 2) the advantages of sex education for adolescents, and the approaches; 3) the challenges in the interval between sexual maturation and marriage, and the role of religion; and 4) the measures implemented in Iran. Shame, embarrassment, and some cultural beliefs surrounding the subject of sex education are obstacles to providing adolescents with the necessary information. According to the principles of medical ethics, the main principle in sex education is beneficence, and sometimes infringement of confidentiality has its advantages.","PeriodicalId":45276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38516254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4