East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Exceptionalism: Explaining South Korean Responses","authors":"C. K. Chekar, Hyomin Kim","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.2004355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.2004355","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract COVID-19 has presented challenges across the globe that led to a number of shared lessons to be learnt. Yet, we are inundated with comparative accounts that characterize national pandemic responses as inherent and unique to certain nation states, which, we argue, led to COVID-exceptionalism. This article challenges “cultural” explanations of South Korea’s “successful” responses to COVID-19 crisis. The popular narrative has been that Korea’s cluster-based mitigation strategy was sustained by rigorous contact tracing and mass testing systems, and this was made possible by three distinctive elements of pandemic preparedness: 1) Korean “culture” of normalizing face-covering, 2) Korean citizens’ consensus of prioritizing public health to privacy, and 3) Korea’s IT infrastructure enabling efficient digital contact tracing. By debunking the three myths, we demonstrate why neither the Asian “authoritarian advantages” thesis nor the counter-argument of “Asian civility” adequately captures the reality of Korea’s reaction to the COVID pandemic. The ways in which risks are conceptualized as manageable objects produce particular modes of allocating responsibilities for risk mitigation, when dealing with a relatively unknown virus. COVID-exceptionalism may cause not only the issue of reinforcing “(East) Asian”/“Western” stereotypes, but also other problems such as implicitly granting political impunity to those responsible for coordinating COVID-19 responses.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75997736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author’s Response to the Book Review of The Empty and the Full: Is It Possible to Explore the Limit of Language?","authors":"Charlotte-V. Pollet","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.2020997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.2020997","url":null,"abstract":"I want to thank my colleague, Andrea Bréard, for the time she spent reading and commenting. My experience of the editing process was not a pleasant one. There were some communication difficulties meaning that, for instance, I cannot explain why my glossary, which contained 400 terms, was reduced to fewer than 250 terms. I hope that one day I will be given the opportunity to correct this book, to meet my own highest requirements. The purpose of my book is to explore a link between philosophy and mathematics in China and to raise questions of methodology. It is as a philosophy educator, classroom practitioner, and non-mathematician that I write. When Bréard writes that “I could not make up my mind,” this is not the case: I voluntarily chose not to enclose Li Ye’s work within traditional disciplinary divisions. As long as the reader considers the object of study to be “simply” Yigu yanduan益古演段 (Development of Pieces [of Areas] [according to] [the collection] Augmenting the Ancient [knowledge]), this text will indeed come across as of less interest. The text written by Li Ye in 1259 will never be anything but a list of problems concerning the solution of quadratic algebraic equations. Many historians have regarded it as a didactic text to","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"140 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74865495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plague Masks in Japan: Reflecting on the 1899 German Debates and the Suffering of Patients/Doctors in Osaka","authors":"T. Sumida","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.2015121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.2015121","url":null,"abstract":"“This may be the first time that Europe has modeled its behavior on that of Asia.” These are the words of a Japanese scholar of French literature, right after several local governments in France made mask-wearing mandatory in April 2020 (Nemoto 2020). Now we can modify that as “this may be the first time the world has modeled its behavior on that of Asia.” Before the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks was regarded as part of East Asian culture (Hyun and Sumida ; O’Dwyer ; Tasker ; Victor and Ives 2021). The history of masks, however, has not been investigated as much as one would expect, especially in Japan. In my article published in the Japanese journal Gendai Shishō 現代思想 (Contemporary Thought) in April 2020, I identified that the modern mask culture in Japan started with the introduction of “Jeffreys’s respirator” originated in London, which was transliterated as “resupirātoru” レスピラートル (respirator) in several catalogs of medical instruments in the late 1870s, right after the Meiji Restoration in 1868 (Sumida 2020a, 2020b). Not only did It become popular for its medical purposes but rather as a fashion item in urban centers like Tokyo (Figures 1 and 2). “Resupirātoru” was regarded as part of civilization at least in 1925 when the advertisement (Figure 1) was reprinted in a book Bunmei kaika文明開化 (Civilization and Enlightenment) (Miyatake 1925). Japan embraced wearing masks as the means of modernization. Regarding the history of masks following the introduction of the “resupirātoru,” I wrote that “[t]he use of masks by medical personnel for the purpose of disease","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"74 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73068369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID Mask Wearing: Identity and Materiality","authors":"S. Knowles, Sharrona Pearl, Rashawn Ray","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.2015134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.2015134","url":null,"abstract":"Slick data visualizations and authoritative daily tallies of infection and death statistics allow us to know the COVID-19 pandemic as a global phenomenon, but the local variabilities remain confounding. In the United States and Europe one of the fundamental questions asked throughout the COVID-19 pandemic—immediately after the question “How did things get so bad?”—is the question “How did countries in Asia manage it so well?” Some generalizations seem obvious. While Americans waited anxiously for guidance from the federal government in mid-March of 2020, news reports from abroad showed the empty Wuhan highways, South Koreans lined up for nasal swab tests, and Singaporeans downloading contact tracing apps on their phones (Goggin 2020; Lee and Lee 2020; Taylor 2020). The most universal image was that of people wearing face masks to slow the spread of infection. East Asian countries were taking aggressive countermeasures while Donald Trump was promising that the “China Plague” would simply go away, “like a miracle.” By 31 December 2020, a year after the first case of COVID-19 was reported by the World Health Organization, the United States reported 352,998 COVID deaths and Italy counted 74,159 dead, while South Korea reported 900 deaths, 29 in Singapore, and 7 deaths were reported in Taiwan. To what do we owe these differences? Are these variabilities tied to the competency of elected officials, or to investments in national health systems? Perhaps the differences have more to do with hard-to-measure historical trajectories, qualitative data points that evade crisp delineation on a COVID-tracking digital dashboard. Grasping for explanations, some Western journalists and politicians dug up and","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"1210 1","pages":"117 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86797498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewers of EASTS, 2019–2021","authors":"A. Khandekar, A. Clarke, Akihito Suzuki, Akinobu Takabayashi, Amy Zhang, A. Blok, A. Majumdar, Arunabha Ghosh, Aya Homei, Aya H. Kimura, Ayo Wahlberg, Bo Kyeong Seo, Casey O’Donnell, C. Jensen, Charis M. Thompson, C. Yeang, Chia-Ling Wu, C. Hauskeller, Chun-Ju Huang, Dagmar Schaeffer, Daiwie Fu, D. Sonnenfeld, Dowan Ku, E. Kerr, Eugenia Y. Lean, E. Rodrigues, Fa‐ti Fan, F. Bray, Gergely Mohácsi, G. Priest, G. Ottinger, Haidan Chen, Hallam Stevens, H. Maat, Harry Yi-Jui, Hsien-chun Wang, Hsin‐Hsing Chen, Hyungsub Choi, Jamie L. Pietruska, Jenna Grant, Jennifer Liu, Jenny Smith, Jiawei Ying, Jianfeng Zhu, Jia-Shin Chen, J. Wang, J. Howell, K. Hoover, Kim Fortun, Lee K. Pennington, Lijing Jiang, Lillian Chin, Liling Huang, Li-Wen Shih, Lukas Rieppel, L. Fearnley, M. Bode, Magaret Sleeboom-Faulkner, Mark Harrison, M. Giraudeau, M. Brazelton, Masae Kato, Michael Fischer, Michael S. Liu, Monamie Bhadra, Nathan Green, Nicholas Bartlett, Nicole Nelson, Pascal Marichlar, Peter Lutz, Po‐Yi Hung, P. Mukharji, Rachel","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2022.2032933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2022.2032933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"179 1","pages":"6 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77689120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonja M. Kim, Imperatives of Care: Women and Medicine in Colonial Korea","authors":"Ji-Young Park","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.2020996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.2020996","url":null,"abstract":"Imperatives of Care integrates years of Sonja Kim’s research on gender and medicine in colonial Korea, but it is more than a mere collection of past works. Kim rewrites her dissertation and articles, develops new themes, and places them in a coherent conceptual framework. Dealing with diverse topics, including the emergence of domestic sciences, the professionalizations of female medical workers, and women’s and infants’ health care, she claims that the shift in the role of women brought about the reconfiguration of Korea’s medical regime as a whole in the period from the Taehan Empire through Japanese colonial rule. Women’s duty to care for the health of others and themselves gradually extended beyond their families toward larger communities. These expanding responsibilities had consequences for novel care systems in homes, hospitals, and public health settings. By tracing Korean women’s medical experiences, the book invites us to reconsider the links between gender and medicine in modern Korea. In terms of gender studies, the book shows how science and medicine refashioned gendered roles in modern Korea. Recent scholarship on Korean gender studies has investigated modern changes in the role of women expressed in the emergence of the phrase “wise mother, good wife,”which attributed maternalistic duties to women, and the effects of science and medicine on those changes. Based on these observations, Kim argues for the centrality of medicine and science in constructing women’s maternalistic roles. Science and medicine offered the standards and guidelines for women to perform the tasks of mothers and housewives, thereby shaping the social expectations for women to keep house, support their husbands, serve their parents, and raise their children to the best of their capacities. With respect to medical history, the book displays how modern Korean medicine had gendered contours, relying on Korean scholarship on medical history accumulated over the last three decades, especially the growing corpus of research on","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"47 2 1","pages":"144 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78040626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A History of Japanese Follow-up Surveys of Children Conceived through Artificial Insemination by Donor: The Evidence of “Superior” Children and Positive Eugenics","authors":"H. Yui","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.1950373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.1950373","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artificial insemination by donor (AID) began in 1948 in Japan at Keio University. Due to criticism of this procedure, perhaps for the first time in the world, the university’s obstetrics and gynecology researchers conducted follow-up surveys of children conceived through AID, showing the “superiority” of these children based on their mental development. This paper, by considering such surveys as evidence of children’s “superiority” and positive eugenics, aims to clarify how such evidence was created and used. The survey reports were published in the medical journals from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, and obstetrics and gynecology researchers at the university referred to the survey results when writing articles for various media, including popular women’s magazines, to promote AID. Eugenics started to lose its legitimacy from the 1970s due to the prevalence of movements for the disabled. After the 1990s, the “superiority” of the children was no longer claimed while the safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) was being pursued to produce children who were “not inferior.” This study concludes that, in the context of ART, physicians are adhering to the safety of the technology and prolonging the values of eugenics while dissociating from the pursuit of “superior” children.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"50 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89235974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vernacular Technical Practices Beyond the Imitative/Innovative Boundary: Apple II Cloning in Early-1980s South Korea","authors":"Dongwon Jo","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.1962616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.1962616","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article seeks to reinstate the significance of microcomputer cloning in the history of computing, seeing it as a vernacular technical practice that is outside of the institutional domain yet entangled with it. While exploring the practices of Apple II cloning at the Cheonggyecheon electronics market, and its contribution to promoting the computer industry in South Korea during the early 1980s, the study examines how the vernacular technical practices of cloning moved beyond the imitative/innovative boundary. It has two parts. First, the cloning of Apple II computers is traced with a focus on cottage industry technicians at the electronics market and their East Asian translocal connections. Second, the entanglements of the vernacular with the institutional are analyzed in relation to how clones were sometimes superior to the original while retaining compatibility with it, which in turn made large firms rely on such vernacular practices. Arguing that the boundaries of copy/original, imitative/innovative, or vernacular/institutional were permeable, this study concludes that vernacular technical practices of cloning, although outside formal institutions and official histories, constitute a critical part of the computer industry and the history of computing.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"187 1","pages":"157 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74512867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Four Tapuya Papers on Environmentalism in Latin America:The EASTS Perspective","authors":"Wen-ling Tu","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.1999631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.1999631","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2018, EASTS has beenworking with our sister journal Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society. The collaborations include a set of response papers from Tapuya that reflect on provincializing STS, a theoretical call by John Law and Wen-yuan Lin on the making of non-Western STS scholarship (EASTS 11.2). When EASTS started working with Routledge in 2021, the collaboration with Tapuya (also a Routledge journal) intensified. Despite the Covid pandemic, EASTS has arranged for our associate editor Wen-Ling Tu to write us a commentary, in return, on four Tapuya papers about environmentalism in Latin America. Currently Dean of the International College of Innovation and Director of the Center for Innovative Democracy and Governance at National Chengchi University, Taiwan, Professor Tu is not only an expert on this topic; she is also an active member of the global STS community. We are grateful to Professor Tu for her intellectual efforts in engaging with these inspiring works from the other side of the globe on behalf of EASTS, and we look forward to more exciting collaborations in the future. — EASTS Editorial Office","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"506 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85518396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Practice to Practice: Writing Academic English from/in Taiwan","authors":"Hsiao-Chun Wu","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2021.1999646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2021.1999646","url":null,"abstract":"When I accepted EASTS’s invitation to deliver an online talk on writing academic English for publishing, my main concern was how not to repeat another dogmatic preaching of writing principles—many of us in academia have learned from books and lectures as non-native English users but seldom know how to put them into actual practice. I also did not want to sound like a teacher of writers, since it would be unwise to reproduce classroom boredom in a virtual setting. After all, my goal was to free my target audience—aspiring writers of academic English based in Taiwan— from the sole focus of writing skills as it is often the case that collegeor graduatelevel academic writing curricula to explore the meanings and possibilities of writing scholarly content in a second language. I wanted to converse with the audience as they are “real people,” not the objects of writing pedagogy but instead people who aspire to and struggle with writing in a non-native language to communicate with a larger body of readers beyond the local environment. Through my talk, I hoped to encourage writers to boldly expand their imagination of what they can achieve by learning academic English writing: not just to master writing skills but also to engage with people, create ideas, and initiate action through writing. In other words, to practice writing and to practice through writing. This double meaning of practice, coincidentally, meets the definitions of the word in Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, in which it means “to perform or work at repeatedly so as to become proficient” and “to pursue a ‘profession’ actively.” For the current discussion, that word “profession” certainly encompasses a wide array of scholarly engagement. In my talk, titled “Writing Academic English in Taiwan—Motivation, Mindsets, Methods,” I showed how the expanded aims and scope of learning academic English writing is doable through the three “M”s—beginning with the writers’ inner feelings to the feasible methods situated in specific social-cultural contexts to set and achieve writing goals. Originally designed for graduate students and early-stage researchers, I also hoped the talk could support experienced scholars as they explore new intellectual territories.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"513 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88926216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}