East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal最新文献

{"title":"More Than Just Cultural Nationalism: A History of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China’s Manned Space Program","authors":"Liang Yao","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2268428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2268428","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsLiang YaoLiang Yao is an assistant professor at School of Health Humanities of Peking University, Beijing, China. Her research fields include history of science, technology, and medicine in modern China, social and cultural history, and socioeconomic and business history, with a particular focus on the transnational movement and localization of knowledge and material things. She is now working on a monograph, examining the history of soft drinks in twentieth-century China.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"57 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memes of Care: Good Morning Images and Digital Care among Older People in Taiwan","authors":"Mei-chun Lee","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2256107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2256107","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractEvery morning, images carrying greetings and pictures of girls, cute animals, or beautiful flowers are circulated among Taiwanese older people on the messaging app LINE. These “good morning images” (GM images) are building a new social network for seniors, and its ritual of exchange has produced a digital subculture. In this article, I will be considering these images as “memes of care.” While memes for younger people are usually humorous and meant to raise a laugh, for older people, GM images are about care and connection. However, care is never innocent and not always desirable, and GM images have joined a sharing culture within LINE that precipitates the spread of unverified, authorless rumors. By examining the “care-ful” feelings, doings, and obligations of GM images, I show how older people actively participate in the practice of digital care so as to open up to “as well as possible” reconfigurations engaged with troubled presents—that is, the pandemic and social isolation on the one hand, and the proliferation of false and misleading information on the other.Keywords: Carememegood morning imagesolder peopledigital communication Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 It is an official ringtone, provided by the messaging app LINE, which sounds exactly like the name of the app.2 In Taiwan, community colleges are part of adult education and vocational training. Unlike those in the United States, they do not confer degrees. Community colleges are closely connected with local communities and offer a wide range of courses for the elderly and retired population as part of the social education program.3 Statistics by the LINE company https://official-blog-tw.line.me/archives/81291901.html (accessed on 22 June 2022).4 See Article 14 of the Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens, https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0050039 (accessed on 22 June 2022).Additional informationNotes on contributorsMei-chun LeeMei-chun Lee, Assistant Research Fellow, The Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranes, Cultivating a New Knowledge Practice in Late-Chosŏn Korea: Knowledge Transformations Connected by Things","authors":"Jung Lee","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2249739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2249739","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRed-crowned white cranes, large migratory birds symbolizing longevity, fidelity, and independence from power across East Asian cultures, came to live in scholar-official households in late Chosŏn. With the residency of this elegant bird in scholarly households around the mid-eighteenth century, a new knowledge practice that took serious interest in things like cranes emerged. This paper illuminates the roles of these highly cross-cultured things in late-Chosŏn knowledge transformation, echoing material turns in various disciplines. Necessitating knowledge to properly possess and accompany them, cranes led to a new scholarly attachment to things. It opened up an unprecedented intellectual attitude that valued curiosity, taste, and facts concerning things and emphasized usefulness of that newly obtained thing-knowledge. Curiosity, taste, facts, and the usefulness of knowledge obtained new meanings in other parts of the world that experienced similar transitions in knowledge practice by and towards things. While delineating the roles of cranes specifically in late-Chosŏn's transformation through the imprints that they left in scholarly acts and works, this paper proposes a new way to connect knowledge transformations in different parts of the globe, via these newly migrating things, moving away from the narrative that requires an origin and transfers.Keywords: Red-crowned white cranesChosŏn KoreaSirhak practical studies“Material turns”diffussionism Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021S1A5B8096301). I thank Buhm-Soon Park, Sophie Roux, and Holly Stephens for inviting me to discuss this work with helpful audiences at the Center for Anthropocene Studies at KAIST, the École normale supérieure, Paris, and Edinburgh University. I also thank the reviewers, Jongtae Lim and Wen-Hua Kuo for careful readings and very helpful comments.Notes1 For debates about the meaning and scope of the term, see Koo (Citation2018) and Lim (Citation2018).2 The growth pattern of the red forehead and the protective behavior match the descriptions in modern ornithology (Won Citation2001).3 It is notable that the “pine and crane” drawing (松鶴圖) portrays cranes on a pine tree, despite this old understanding about cranes’ staying in flat lands, not in forests or on trees. A systematic comparative investigation of the pine and crane drawings of East Asia would be interesting.4 The list of scholars with a penchant for things like flowers, birds, cigarettes, mathematics, books, inkstones, knives, rocks, clocks, and other curios seems endless (Jung Citation2007: 13–23).5 There is no study on the history of curiosity in China, possibly due to the belief of its being essential human nature. But what is essential can also have a history, and I suspect there were similar transitions in Chin","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EUMENOL—Merck’s Patent Emmenagogue and its Chinese Connections (1896–1961)","authors":"Jen-der Lee, Chih-hung Chen","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2251784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2251784","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article examines the rise and fall of Eumenol, Merck's patent emmenagogue extracted from danggui (當歸), and its destined connections with China. Understood to affect the blood, danggui, one of the most prolifically used substance among Chinese materia medica, had been included in recipes for women aged from before menarche to after menopause since the twelfth century, but it was not until its production and advertisement by the German pharmaceutical company that the multi-functional material was placed on the international stage with a sharpened gendered image. For Merck customers around the world, Eumenol was a long-awaited, harmless emmenagogue made from an obscure Chinese material; for Chinese who had been using the root to treat a wide range of disorders, the branded drug was a scientific refinement of a time-honored medicine. The success of Eumenol gave advocates of Chinese medicine a concrete example with which to rejuvenate their medical traditions, but the later cessation of Chinese imports forced Merck to eventually stop marketing the emmenagogue. Within this intersection of medicinal exchanges, Eumenol emerged as an indispensable piece of the puzzle in terms of both the history of an ancient remedy and the modernization of Chinese medicine.Keywords: EumenoldangguiMerckwomen’s medicineChina AcknowledgementsThe authors are indebted to Chen Ming, Bettina Wahrig, Dominik Merdes, Albert Wu, Ku-ming (Kevin) Chang and Che-chia Chang for directing us to important primary and secondary sources for this research. We thank Sabine Bernschneider-Reif and the staff of the Merck Archives for their generous support. We are also grateful to Sean HL Lei, Michael Stanley-Baker and Wen-hua Kuo for their excellent comments when we presented earlier versions of this article in different venues. This article comes out of the Taiwan-Germany (DE) International Collaborate Project—Materialities in Medical Cultures in/between Europe and East Asia; we thank MOST (now NSTC) for its funding, and we enjoy constant stimulating conversations with our project members. We value the suggestions from the two anonymous reviewers; any errors and mistakes are of course ours alone.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 A physician experimenting on patients with novel drugs, whether at the request of a pharmaceutical company or not, and such procedures at the turn of the twentieth century should not be confused with the standardized clinical trials used in pharmaceutical research since the 1950s. For the changing methods, protocols, and significance of medical experiments in the twentieth century, see Marks (Citation1997).2 According to Dr. Rahn’s report on 1899/1900, sales “increased tremendously” to 4,145.50 marks in 1900, but there is no record of the sales figures for Eumenol in the previous year.3 The way women used Eumenol as pregnancy test reminds us of what physicians and women in late imperial China would ","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Engagement in Micro-hydro Technology in Central Java: A Call to Decentralize the Energy System","authors":"Pratama Yudha Pradheksa, Putri Cahya Arimbi, D. Tamitiadini","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2233832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2233832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Coding Education Go Completely Online? Time, Work, and Relationship in Online Courses","authors":"Han-Ho Jeong, C. Jeon","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2219165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2219165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75056050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Medicated Empire: The Pharmaceutical Industry and Modern Japan","authors":"H. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2232676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2232676","url":null,"abstract":"In his first monograph A Medicated Empire, Timothy M. Yang examines the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and the nation-state by spotlighting one entrepreneur, Hoshi Hajime (1873–1951). Today, his name is best known as the father of Hoshi Shin’ichi (1926–1997), the most successful science fiction writer in Japan, but Hajime found great commercial success by founding Hoshi Pharmaceuticals, which formally started in 1911 and whose ownership was eventually transferred from the Hoshi family in 1952. By tracing the work of Hoshi Hajime and his company, Yang illustrates how an energetic industrialist started a business and tried to expand it during the rise of the Japanese Empire from the late Meiji era to the early Shōwa era. This book consists of four parts and eight chapters. In Part I, the author sketches the prehistory and the beginning of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals. Born in a rural area in Fukushima Prefecture, Hoshi Hajime went to Tokyo to study business. Like contemporary ambitious men, he also traveled abroad and entered Columbia University for further study. He completed his Master’s course in 1901 and gained expertise in management and business. During his stay in the United States, Hoshi launched a newspaper and grasped an applied sense of enterprise. This international experience shaped his career, but, at the same time, his business dealings were largely indebted to his extensive network of leading figures in Japan, such as Itō Hirobumi and Nitobe Inazō. Among them, Gotō Shinpei was the most decisive for Hoshi’s career, since Gotō strongly supported Hoshi’s newspaper business in the United States as well as his future work in Taiwan. After returning to Japan, in 1906 Hoshi chose medicine as his new business and rapidly achieved commercial success, resulting in the establishment of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals in 1911. In Part II, Yang analyzes the early success of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals in terms of marketing, advertising, and logistics. Since the company entered the pharmaceutical market much later than major drug firms such as Takeda and Shionogi, it targeted not prescription drugs but instead patent and household drugs. To make his medicines","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"41 24 1","pages":"393 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88766149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinventing “Hygiene”: The Sanitary Society of Japan and Public Health Reform During the Mid-Meiji Period","authors":"K. Shannon","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2197786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2197786","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the last decades of the nineteenth century, public health policy in Japan transformed from a stricter focus on anti-disease measures to a more discursive and long-term strategy, one that attempted to train local and prefectural administrators to implement top-down directives regarding hygiene (eisei 衛生). This paper uses the early speeches and articles published by The Sanitary Society of Japan (Dai Nippon Shiritsu Eiseikai 大日本私立衛生会, lit. “Great Japan Private Hygiene Association”), the nation’s largest forum for the discussion and dissemination of knowledge related to hygiene, to analyze how and why this change took place. Founded in 1883 by leading figures in medicine and the medical social sciences, the Society attempted to reformulate popular understandings of hygiene and health after widespread manipulation of the government’s early public health programs. I argue that the Society repurposed and reformulated supposedly native Japanese healing practices in order to ground unfamiliar medical concepts, including the term “hygiene” (eisei) itself, within the familiar vocabulary of supposedly shared medical traditions. In recuperating and mobilizing these ideas, the organization broadened the discourse of hygiene while also immuring the concept within a circle of medical elites.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"285 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83360360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s Cold War Science Diplomacy","authors":"Emily Baum","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2201985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2201985","url":null,"abstract":"China’s Cold War Science Diplomacy offers compelling corrections to two persistent stereotypes about the early People’s Republic of China (PRC, 1949–1976): first, that the PRC was almost entirely isolated from the international community, particularly in matters related to the exchange of scientific and technological information; and second, that the Mao Zedong years were little more than an aberration in China’s historical development, one that was quickly counteracted by Deng Xiaoping’s Reform and Opening beginning in 1978. Marshaling a wide array of sources from China, the United States, and the United Kingdom, Gordon Barrett effectively refutes these assumptions, describing instead how PRC scientists were able to maintain international ties and intellectual engagement throughout the Cold War period. While these relationships necessarily reflected the shifting political and ideological goals of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), they nevertheless reveal how PRC scientists pursued personal, professional, and scholarly exchanges as part of a wider platform intended to showcase “New China” through international science diplomacy. Barrett’s analysis proceeds chronologically, describing how the PRC’s science diplomacy efforts changed shape as the regime’s political objectives and international alliances shifted. In the 1950s, as Chapter 1 recounts, PRC scientists were hamstrung by having been shut out of many international organizations as a result of the United States’ alliance with the Republic of China (Taiwan). One society in which they were able to participate was the World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFSW). Taking part in WFSW-sponsored meetings and conferences enabled PRC-based scientists to maintain contact with their international colleagues, stay current on technical developments in their fields, and promote the accomplishments and legitimacy of the PRC on a global scale. Reflecting the politically moderate stance of the PRC at the time, membership in the Federation also provided Chinese scientists an opportunity to foster ties with European socialists and pursue cross-bloc communication in scientific affairs, thereby increasing the PRC’s international standing within the wider socialist world.","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"277 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82277309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to War, Medicine and Modernity in East Asian Conflicts","authors":"Michael Shiyung Liu, J. Cook","doi":"10.1080/18752160.2023.2203565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2023.2203565","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Hippocrates’ statement that “war is the only proper school for a surgeon,” contemporary historians of medicine have long overlooked the complicated relationship between the two. The interconnection between war and medicine has, however, covertly entered military and medical discourse for centuries. In Susan Sontag’s study on the spread of syphilis and tuberculosis during and at the close of the First World War, she references public education campaigns where diseases were cast as an invasion of the body. She states that “military metaphors became a credible and precise means of conceptualizing disease” (Sontag 1990: 97). Additionally, the characteristics of modern counterinsurgency add to the increasingly prominent role of the medical sciences in shaping the viewpoints of national security. Some forms of warfare cast the enemy as a disease of the societal body against which protection can be procured. Research and even political propaganda have begun to explore the strategies in which national security is being redefined as a medical problem, as well as the deepening connections between medicine and warfare (Elbe 2010; Howell 2011). The bio-politics in Nazi-era Germany significantly illuminated how terrifying the application of a medical metaphor to national security and war could be. For example, Andreas Musolff’s study on Hitler’s Mein Kampf focused on “the conceptualization of the German nation as a human body that had to be cured from a deadly disease caused by Jewish parasites” (Musolff 2007: 21), Metaphors of disease and medical treatments that are used to characterize the insurgency-counterinsurgency dynamic constantly elucidate this hybrid character of modern war. Treating the brutal nature of warfare and the philanthropy of","PeriodicalId":45255,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"130 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89500182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}