Pediatric Reports最新文献

{"title":"Acute Effects of Albuterol on Ventilatory Capacity in Children with Asthma","authors":"Michael W. H. Wong, L. Chien, D. Bhammar","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with asthma may have a reduced ventilatory capacity, which could lead to symptoms and early termination of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-acting beta agonist (albuterol) administration on estimated ventilatory capacity in children with asthma. Methods: Fifteen children (eleven boys, 10.6 ± 0.9 years) completed spirometry at baseline, after 180 µg of albuterol, and after the CPET in this cross-sectional study. Ventilatory capacity was calculated from forced vital capacity (FVC) and isovolume forced expiratory time from 25 to 75% of FVC (isoFET25–75) as follows: FVC/2 × [60/(2 × isoFET25–75)]. Differences in outcome variables between baseline, after albuterol administration, and after the CPET were detected with repeated measures mixed models with Bonferroni post hoc corrections. Results: Estimated ventilatory capacity was higher after albuterol (68.7 ± 21.2 L/min) and after the CPET (75.8 ± 25.6 L/min) when compared with baseline (60.9 ± 22.0 L/min; P = 0.003). Because forced vital capacity did not change, the increased ventilatory capacity was primarily due to a decrease in isoFET25–75 (i.e., an increase in mid-flows or isoFEF25–75). Conclusion: Albuterol administration could be considered prior to CPET for children with asthma with relatively well-preserved FEV1 values to increase ventilatory capacity pre-exercise and potentially avoid symptom-limited early termination of testing.","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm Birth and Maternal Mood States: What Is the Impact on Bonding?","authors":"C. Ionio, Giulia Ciuffo, Caterina Colombo, Olivia Melani, Maria Francesca Figlino, Marta Landoni, F. Castoldi, F. Cavigioli, G. Lista","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010004","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth is a significant global health issue affecting millions of infants each year, with potential implications for their developmental outcomes. This study investigated the impact of preterm birth on maternal mood states during the early postpartum period and its subsequent effects on mother–infant bonding. Mothers of 90 preterm infants were involved in the assessment of maternal mood states, examined with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and the evaluation of mother–infant bonding, carried out through the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Contrary to expectations, there was no significant correlation between preterm birth characteristics and maternal mood states. On the other hand, significant correlations emerged between specific maternal mood states and the quality of mother–child bonding. More specifically, regression analyses showed that feelings of tension, anger, and confusion experienced by the mother tend to negatively affect the quality of her bond with her child. These findings emphasize the crucial role of maternal mental well-being in shaping the mother–infant relationship in the early postpartum period. The study highlights the importance of identifying and addressing maternal mood disorders to promote positive mother–infant bonding and child development, further underlining the need for comprehensive support and interventions for mothers of preterm infants.","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"39 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Eculizumab in Enteroaggregative E. coli Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome","authors":"Ratna Acharya, William L. Clapp, K. Upadhyay","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010003","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may present atypically without the full triad of classical HUS. Eculizumab has been shown to be efficacious in complement-mediated atypical HUS and some cases of Shiga-toxin (ST) associated HUS. We report the utility of eculizumab in enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) associated HUS. Case summary. A female toddler presented with hemolytic anemia, oliguric acute kidney injury (AKI) without thrombocytopenia, and peripheral schistocytes. The stool examination for ST was negative but positive for EAEC. She required several hemodialysis sessions and received one dosage of eculizumab with rapid reversal of AKI and hemolytic markers. A kidney biopsy revealed acute tubular injury and segmental glomerular basement membrane splitting. Genetic testing was negative for complement mutations or deficiencies. A follow-up six months later showed persistently normal renal function and hematological markers. Conclusion. The clinical and histological manifestations of non-ST-associated diarrheal HUS and the role of eculizumab in this condition warrant future larger studies.","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Overview of CDKL-5 Deficiency Disorder Treatment","authors":"Giovanni Battista Dell’Isola, K. Portwood, Kirsten Consing, Antonella Fattorusso, Arnaldo Bartocci, Pietro Ferrara, Giuseppe Di Cara, Alberto Verrotti, Mauro Lodolo","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010002","url":null,"abstract":"CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a complex of clinical symptoms resulting from the presence of non-functional or absent CDKL5 protein, a serine–threonine kinase involved in neural maturation and synaptogenesis [...]","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"41 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Clinical Study on Periodontal Health Status and Early Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases Quantified through Clinical Periodontal Indices on a Group of Children and Adolescents with and without Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Oana Chipirliu, Marian Viorel Crăciun, Madalina Nicoleta Matei","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that bacterial plaque is the main etiological factor that causes the appearance of periodontal diseases and carious disease. Periodontal diseases can affect children and adolescents and are manifested in the form of gingivitis, but also the early form of chronic periodontitis as well as aggressive marginal periodontitis associated with local or general factors. Early periodontitis is frequently undiagnosed by clinicians due to a lack of knowledge of the specific symptoms. Certain systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, can create favorable conditions for the appearance and progression of severe manifestations of periodontal disease; also, recent research highlights that individuals with periodontal disease present an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Children with congenital or acquired cardiovascular diseases are at increased risk for complications resulting from the growth of microorganisms in the oral cavity, presenting a risk of infective endocarditis. The specific aim was to highlight the existing differences between the periodontal health of children with cardiovascular diseases and that of children without these diseases. The analyzed group included 124 patients, represented by children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 17 years, who were divided into four subgroups depending on the presence or absence of cardiovascular diseases and periodontal disease. A specialized clinical examination was performed for each patient, and periodontal clinical parameters were quantified (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, gingival index, community periodontal index of treatment needs) and associated with the diagnosis of general condition. Patients diagnosed with periodontal disease underwent specialized treatment and were called to a control visit 3 months after treatment. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between subgroups with much higher values of clinical parameters for patients with cardiovascular disease. Also, the response to the treatment was better in the case of patients in the control subgroup without cardiovascular diseases. The present study highlighted the interaction of three factors in the progression of periodontal diseases: subgingival microbiota, immune system response and environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10801528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SNAP-25 Polymorphisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study towards a Possible Endophenotype.","authors":"Martina Maria Mensi, Franca Rosa Guerini, Michele Marchesi, Matteo Chiappedi, Elisabetta Bolognesi, Renato Borgatti","doi":"10.3390/pediatric15040068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric15040068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While there is substantial agreement on the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, it is also acknowledged that it has a broad range of clinical presentations. This can complicate the diagnostic process and aggravate the choice of the most suitable rehabilitative strategy for each child. Attentional difficulties are among the most frequently reported comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder. We investigated the role of SNAP-25 polymorphisms. Synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) is a presynaptic membrane-binding protein; it plays a crucial role in neurotransmission and has already been studied in numerous psychiatric disorders. It was also seen to be associated with hyperactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. We collected clinical, behavioral and neuropsychological data on 41 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and then genotyped them for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms of SNAP-25. Participants were divided into two groups according to the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) Severity Score. In the group with the highest severity score, we found significant associations of clinical data with polymorphism rs363050 (A/G): children with the GG genotype had lower total IQ, more severe autistic functioning and more attentional difficulties. Our research could be the starting point for outlining a possible endophenotype among patients with autism spectrum disorder who are clinically characterized by severe autistic functioning and significant attentional difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"15 4","pages":"766-773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10747488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Children in India: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.","authors":"Hina Sheel, Lidia Suárez, Nigel V Marsh","doi":"10.3390/pediatric15040067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric15040067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timely screening and surveillance of children for developmental delay and social-emotional learning difficulties are essential in Low- and Middle-Income Countries like India. Screening measures like the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) are considered suitable for India due to their low cost, easy accessibility, and no training requirement for administration. However, India lacks validated screening measures, and the PEDS and SDQ have yet to be validated for children in India. The study aimed to translate the PEDS and SDQ from English to Hindi and psychometrically evaluate the same measures on children aged 4-8 years in India. The original PEDS and SDQ forms and their translations were pilot tested on 55 participants and evaluated using data from 407 children with typical development (TD) and 59 children with developmental disability (DD). Parents and teachers reported no meaningful discrepancy between the original and translated (Hindi) questionnaires. Internal consistency for the PEDS was acceptable, but unacceptable for most subscales on the SDQ, for both TD and DD samples. Test-retest reliability was poor for the PEDS but adequate for the SDQ. Results from known-group validity testing showed that the PEDS scores could be used to distinguish between the TD and DD samples. The results from this study provide further support for the use of the PEDS and SDQ in developing countries like India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"15 4","pages":"750-765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10745979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Ocular Health and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Review.","authors":"Marco Zaffanello, Erika Bonacci, Giorgio Piacentini, Luana Nosetti, Emilio Pedrotti","doi":"10.3390/pediatric15040066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric15040066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects neurobehavioral, cognitive, and cardiovascular aspects, particularly in children, by obstructing the upper airways during sleep. While its impact in adult ocular health is recognized, there is ongoing debate about OSA's relevance in pediatrics. This review explores the relationship between OSA and ocular health in children, focusing on the effects and potential improvements through treatment. A systematic search found 287 articles through PubMeD/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect; 94.4% were excluded. After careful selection, six English articles were included, addressing the effects of OSA on children's eyes. Three studies examined choroidal alterations, three explored retinal and optic nerve changes, and two analyzed ocular changes following otorhinolaryngological intervention. The immediate correlation in children is inconclusive, but age may be a contributing factor. Pediatric OSA patients exhibit corneal anomalies and increased optic nerve thickness, possibly due to intermittent hypoxia. OSA influences retinal vascular density in children, with increased density after treatment and reduced choroidal thickness in cases of adenotonsillar hypertrophy. This review emphasized OSA's significant impact on children's ocular health, revealing alterations in the optic nerve, choroid, retina, and cornea. While the direct correlation with the optic nerve is not always evident, OSA raises intraocular pressure and induces structural changes. Treatment holds promise, highlighting the need for regular monitoring to promptly address childhood OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"15 4","pages":"741-749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10747302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychology and Electroencephalography in Rural Children at Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Gilberto Galindo-Aldana, Cynthia Torres-González","doi":"10.3390/pediatric15040065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric15040065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children from rural areas face numerous possibilities of neurodevelopmental conditions that may compromise their well-being and optimal development. Neuropsychology and electroencephalography (EEG) have shown strong agreement in detecting correlations between these two variables and suggest an association with specific environmental and social risk factors. The present scoping review aims to describe studies reporting associations between EEG features and cognitive impairment in children from rural or vulnerable environments and describe the main risk factors influencing EEG abnormalities in these children. The method for this purpose was based on a string-based review from PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted from the outcomes that complied with the selected criteria. In total, 2280 records were identified; however, only 26 were eligible: 15 for qualitative and 11 for quantitative analysis. The findings highlight the significant literature on EEG and its relationship with cognitive impairment from studies in children with epilepsy and malnutrition. In general, there is evidence for the advantages of implementing EEG diagnosis and research techniques in children living under risk conditions. Specific associations between particular EEG features and cognitive impairment are described in the reviewed literature in children. Further research is needed to better describe and integrate the state of the art regarding EEG feature extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"15 4","pages":"722-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10747224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine Hesitancy in Central Switzerland: Identifying and Characterizing Undervaccinated Children in a Pediatric Emergency Department","authors":"Anika Ménétrey, Markus A. Landolt, M. Buettcher, Thomas J. Neuhaus, L. Simma","doi":"10.3390/pediatric15040064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15040064","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccinations play an important role in the prevention of potentially fatal diseases. Vaccine hesitancy has become an important problem both in the public discourse and for public health. We aimed to identify and characterize this potentially unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated group of children presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED) of the tertiary children’s hospital in central Switzerland, a region that has anecdotally been claimed as a hotspot for vaccine hesitancy. All patients presenting to the PED (N = 20,247) between September 2018 and September 2019 were screened for their vaccination status and categorized as incomplete, unvaccinated, or fully vaccinated in a retrospective cohort study. Some 2.6% (n = 526) visits to the PED were not or incompletely vaccinated according to age, or their vaccination status was unknown. Most of the children in the cohort were not critically ill, and the minority had to be hospitalized. Undervaccinated patients were overrepresented in rural areas. Of all cohort visits, 18 (3.4%) patients received opportunistic vaccination in the PED. No cases of vaccine-preventable diseases were observed. In summary, incompletely vaccinated and unvaccinated status was less frequent than initially expected. The PED may play a role in increasing vaccination coverage by providing opportunistic vaccinations.","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}