Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"El control estricto del colesterol aterogénico en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares","authors":"Carlos Guijarro","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of cholesterol associated to low density lipoproteins (LDL) as a causal agent of arteriosclerosis is scientifically consolidated. A number of seminal clinical trials of the highest scientific quality (randomized, controlled, double-blind versus placebo) in the last 40 years have confirmed that lipid lowering therapy with progressively ambitious therapeutic goals is associated with reductions in cardiovascular complications in the absence of major side effects at least up to the range of 30<!--> <!-->mg/dL of LDL cholesterol. Drugs that have demonstrated these effects act by reducing circulating LDL cholesterol by upregulating the LDL receptor, independently of their primary action: inhibition of synthesis (statins, bempedoic acid), or absorption of cholesterol (ezetimibe) and promoting recycling of the LDL receptor via proprotein conversin subtilisine kexin 9 blockade. The early reduction of LDL cholesterol and its maintenance over time reinforce the protective effect of these drugs. Additional efforts are needed to improve the LDL control of high-risk patients to reduce their cardiovascular complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages S9-S14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quilomicronemia familiar: nuevas perspectivas","authors":"Agustín Blanco Echevarría ,&nbsp;María José Ariza Corbo ,&nbsp;Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo ,&nbsp;José Luis Díaz-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a very rare, underdiagnosed disorder that can cause abdominal pain and recurrent pancreatitis from childhood —potentially life-threatening— and chronic complications such as diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. FCS affects the quality of life and mental health of those who suffer from it, aspects that must be taken into account in its treatment, based on a strict low-fat diet, which is difficult to adhere to and persist. People with FCS lack the lipolytic capacity to hydrolyze triglycerides (TG) and have a minimal or null response to conventional lipid-lowering treatments. ApoCIII antagonists, specifically volanesorsen, olezarsen and ARO-APOC3, are the most promising drugs to reduce TG concentrations in patients with FCS. Anti-ANGPTL3 therapies appear to be less effective. More clinical trials and new pharmacological treatments are needed to improve the quality of life and prognosis of people with FCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages S18-S24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El colesterol LDL como agente causal de la aterosclerosis","authors":"Juan Pedro-Botet ,&nbsp;Elisenda Climent ,&nbsp;David Benaiges","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that begins in early childhood, and without intervention, progresses throughout life, and inevitably worsens over time, sometimes rapidly. LDL cholesterol, beyond being a cardiovascular risk factor, is a causal agent of atherosclerosis. Without LDL cholesterol there is no atherosclerosis, so the evolution of the disease is modifiable, and even reversible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages S3-S8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eficacia, beneficio y seguridad de inclisiran","authors":"José López-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypercholesterolemia is a causal factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Spain. The reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) decreases the risk of ASCVD and adverse cardiovascular events. Targeted therapy for the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) has emerged as a novel tool for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Inclisiran is a small double-stranded small interfering RNA that acts by blocking PCSK-9 transcription in hepatocytes, leading to a marked and sustained reduction in circulating LDL-C levels. In contrast to other lipid-lowering therapies such as statins, ezetimibe and monoclonal antibodies PCSK-9 inhibitors, Inclisiran proposes an infrequent dosing regimen of twice times a year. Its prolonged effect represents an advantage over non-compliance of the treatment, which is one of the main reasons why LDL-C goals are not achieved with standard therapy. This review aims to present and discuss current scientific data regarding the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Inclisiran in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Inclisiran has been shown to provide significant long-term reductions in LDL-C levels associated with notable decreases in levels of PCSK9 and other atherogenic lipoproteins with a highly favourable side effect profile similar to placebo. The convenience of a twice-yearly dosing regimen promotes adherence to therapy and facilitates achievement of LDL-C goals. Results from ongoing trials designed to determine its effect on cardiovascular events are expected to provide further information about the cardiovascular benefit of inclisiran in patients with ACVD and in patients at high cardiovascular risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages S24-S30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuevos fármacos para tratar las dislipemias. De las pequeñas moléculas a los ARN pequeños de interferencia","authors":"Lluís Masana,&nbsp;Daiana Ibarretxe","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the various therapeutic tools available, many patients do not achieve therapeutic goals, and cardiovascular diseases remain a significant cause of death in our setting. Furthermore, even in patients who manage to reduce their LDL-C levels to the recommended targets, cardiovascular events continue to occur.</div><div>The therapeutic challenge and the persistent risk have led to active research into new drugs targeting novel therapeutic pathways in the field of lipoprotein metabolism disorders. The therapeutic approach involves new pharmacological mechanisms, ranging from small molecules and monoclonal antibodies to RNA interference, with inclisiran being the first drug approved for clinical use in the cardiovascular domain.</div><div>In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the new therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms under development, as well as their potential clinical impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages S15-S23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quilomicronemia multifactorial: claves para la detección de las formas severas","authors":"Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo ,&nbsp;Agustín Blanco Echevarría ,&nbsp;María José Ariza Corbo ,&nbsp;José Luis Díaz-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multifactorial chylomicronemia associated with multiple comorbidities, drugs and habits is much more common than familial chylomicronemia, an autosomal recessive disease that can be considered as “rare disease”. Like the rest of hypertriglyceridemias, chylomicronemias could be classified as primary or monogenic and secondary in which, on the basis of polygenic predisposition, there is concomitant exposure to multiple triggering factors. In this brief revision, we will review its causes and management as well as the keys to its differential diagnosis of the Multifactorial Chylomicronemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages S13-S17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterización clínica y detección de arteriosclerosis subclínica en sujetos con hiperalfalipoproteinemia extrema","authors":"Javier Espíldora-Hernández ,&nbsp;Tania Díaz-Antonio ,&nbsp;Jesús Olmedo-Llanes ,&nbsp;Jesús Zarzuela León ,&nbsp;José Rioja ,&nbsp;Pedro Valdivielso ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Chaparro ,&nbsp;María José Ariza","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>The association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and death from cardiovascular disease follows a U-shaped pattern, increasing at the extremes. The objective of the study was to characterize a sample of subjects with extreme hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAE).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>53 cases with HAE were recruited, 24 women (HDL-C<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->135<!--> <!-->mg/ dL) and 29 men (HDL-C<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->116<!--> <!-->mg/ dL). A detailed medical history was taken and questionnaires on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity were collected. Carotid ultrasounds were performed to detect the presence of suclinical atherosclerosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) was dyslipidemia (64%) with no significant differences between men and women, unlike hypertension (21% in women, versus 55% in men, p<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.01) and others CVRF, for example, diabetes. 7% of the series had previous cardiovascular disease, women had higher LDL cholesterol (p<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.002) and HDL-C than men (without significant differences). Plaque was detected in 53% of cases, being more prevalent in men. Patients with plaque were older, drank more alcohol and smoked more (p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Men had a higher prevalence of CVRF than women, except for dyslipidemia. Subclinical atherosclerosis occurred in more than half of the series. Age, alcohol consumption and smoking were independently associated with the presence of plaque, however, our data do not show a significant influence of HDL-C levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 6","pages":"Pages 325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis","authors":"Zhoulan Zheng ,&nbsp;Qianru Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianyu Guo ,&nbsp;Liyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Gailian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To understand the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients; to explore the correlation between PsA combined with SCA and traditional cardiovascular risk factors and disease activity; to compare the role of Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) scores.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 50 PsA patients who met the CASPAR classification criteria, 50 diabetes patients and 50 healthy people. Clinical data were collected from all patients, minimal disease activity (MDA), disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA), ASCVD, FRS were assessed in patients with PsA, and carotid artery intima–media thickness was measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of SCA in PsA patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (44% vs 24%, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Smoking, drinking, ASCVD, FRS were the risk factors of PsA with SCA (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Psoriasis (PsO) duration, PtGA, VAS and DAPSA were the risk factors for PsA with SCA (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). FRS and ASCVD scores underestimated SCA risk in PsA patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with healthy controls, patients with PsA have higher prevalence of SCA. High DAPSA is a risk factor for PsA with SCA. Carotid ultrasound can monitor SCA in patients with PsA, improve stratification of cardiovascular risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 6","pages":"Pages 333-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary plant microRNAs as potential regulators of cellular cholesterol efflux","authors":"María del Carmen López de las Hazas ,&nbsp;Joao Tomé-Carneiro ,&nbsp;Livia Balaguer ,&nbsp;Gema de la Peña ,&nbsp;Luis A. Chapado ,&nbsp;Marta Alonso-Bernáldez ,&nbsp;Andrea del Saz-Lara ,&nbsp;Judit Gil-Zamorano ,&nbsp;Emma Burgos-Ramos ,&nbsp;María Rodríguez-Pérez ,&nbsp;Diego Gómez-Coronado ,&nbsp;Alberto Dávalos","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Epidemiological evidence suggests adherence to vegetable-rich diets is associated to atheroprotective effects and bioactive components are most likely to play a relevant role. The notion of inter-kingdom regulation has opened a new research paradigm and perhaps microRNAs (miRNAs) from edible vegetables could influence consumer gene expression and lead to biological effects. We aimed to investigate the potential impact of broccoli-derived miRNAs on cellular cholesterol efflux in vitro.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four miRNAs (miR159a, miR159b, miR166a and miR403) from <span><span>Brassica oleracea</span></span> var. <em>italica</em><span> (broccoli), a widely consumed cruciferous vegetable, were selected for further investigation, based on their high abundancy in this vegetable and their presence in other plants. Selected miRNAs were synthesized with a 3′-terminal 2′-O-methylation and their cellular toxicity, in vitro gastrointestinal resistance and cellular uptake were evaluated. Potential target genes within the mammalian transcriptome were assessed in silico following pathway analysis. In vitro cholesterol efflux was assessed in human THP-1-derived macrophages.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>miRNAs survival to in vitro GI digestion was around 1%, although some variation was seen between the four candidates. Cellular uptake by mammalian cells was confirmed, and an increase in cholesterol efflux was observed. Pathway analysis suggested these miRNAs are involved in biological processes related to phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol and Wnt signaling, and to the insulin/IGF pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Health-promoting properties attributed to cruciferous vegetables, might be mediated (at least in part) through miRNA-related mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 6","pages":"Pages 315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A la familia del profesor Pedro Valdivielso Felices","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"36 6","pages":"Pages 364-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}