Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Planificación del tratamiento hipolipemiante en la enfermedad vascular ateroesclerótica. Consenso SEC/SEA/SEEN/SEMFYC/SEMERGEN/SEMG/SEN/SEACV/S.E.N","authors":"Rosa Fernández-Olmo ,&nbsp;Alberto Cordero ,&nbsp;Armando Oterino ,&nbsp;Agustín Blanco-Echevarría ,&nbsp;David Vivas ,&nbsp;Carlos Escobar ,&nbsp;Emilio Ortega ,&nbsp;Mónica Torres-Fonseca ,&nbsp;Carmen Sánchez-Peinador ,&nbsp;Borja Quiroga ,&nbsp;Vicente Pascual ,&nbsp;Pedro Martínez-Losas ,&nbsp;Daniel Escribano ,&nbsp;María del Mar Freijo ,&nbsp;Rosa María Sánchez Hernández ,&nbsp;Ana Viana ,&nbsp;Román Freixa-Pamias ,&nbsp;Almudena Castro ,&nbsp;Juan José Gómez Doblas","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years we have been experiencing an advance in lipid-lowering therapies, with the appearance of new drugs that act on the different metabolic pathways, reducing both the levels of cholesterol associated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) containing apoprotein<!--> <!-->B (ApoB), and vascular risk. However, the results in achieving goals are still scarce, as well as the use of the different therapies that help us to achieve them. Among the reasons that justify this situation are: the inadequate identification of vascular risk, the underuse of therapies, poor adherence to the recommended treatment, the lack of organization in terms of the assignment of roles and algorithms of action in the follow-up of patients and the need for improved education and psychosocial interventions that influence both adherence and consolidation of Healthy lifestyle habits. This consensus document aims to improve the approach and follow-up of dyslipidemia in a comprehensive way, defining the planning of lipid-lowering therapies as a control strategy (SEC/SEA/SEEN/SEMFYC/SEMERGEN/SEMG/SEN/SEACV/S.E.N.).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 500799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlación de la adhesión de los elementos del ateroma y las causas de la trombosis","authors":"Irving Mauricio Lecona Licona ,&nbsp;José María Rodríguez Lelis ,&nbsp;Joaquín Pérez Ortega ,&nbsp;José Alfredo Rodríguez Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ischemic diseases are the second leading cause of death in Mexico and account for over 30% of deaths worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in particular, obstructs arteries and impairs blood circulation, contributing to increased mortality and reduced quality of life. <em>Objective</em> In this study, adhesion energies and their influence on the structural arrangement of an atheroma were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Adhesion energies were measured for each main component of the atheroma, including arteries and plaque components such as cholesterol, calcium, collagen, glucose, and elastin. The relationship between adhesion and atheroma formation is demonstrated, highlighting the significant interaction of adhesion energies between fibrinogen and cholesterol. Numerical results showed that fibrinogen and cholesterol have the highest adhesion energy, followed by collagen-glucose and cholesterol-elastin combinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Additionally, interactions with the highest adhesion energy, such as Fib-Fib with an energy value of <span><math><mrow><mn>9.60</mn><mi>x</mi><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, CML-GB with a value of <span><math><mrow><mn>2.76</mn><mi>x</mi><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, along with LDL-LDL with an adhesion value of <span><math><mrow><mn>6.35</mn><mi>x</mi><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> and Elas-LDL with a J value of <span><math><mrow><mn>3.40</mn><mi>x</mi><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, influence the atheroma structure formation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate the association between adhesion energy in forming an atheroma that obstructs arteries, reduces blood flow, and the pathology of thrombus formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 500801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of metabolic syndrome on coronary artery severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A perspective from a developing country","authors":"Hai Phuong Nguyen Tran ,&nbsp;Tai Nhat Nguyen ,&nbsp;Kha Minh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Sang Quang Ly ,&nbsp;Sy Van Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been frequently observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is limited research assessing the impact of metabolic syndrome on coronary artery severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 199 patients with AMI who underwent invasive coronary angiography. This study aimed to determine the impact of MetS, MetS score and its components on coronary artery severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study comprised 199 eligible patients, with an average age of 64.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->11.3 years. Among the entire cohort, 136 patients (68.3%) were diagnosed with MetS. The MetS 3 subgroup with three components exhibited the highest percentage at 29.2%. The proportion of one-vessel, two-vessel, three-vessel, multi-vessel disease, or left main disease did not differ between the MetS and non-MetS groups (<em>p</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Our study revealed that the MetS group had a higher median Gensini score compared to the non-MetS group (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.002). Furthermore, the Gensini score was significantly correlated with the MetS score (Spearman correlation 0.2, <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Among metabolic syndrome components, elevated waist circumference and elevated blood glucose were associated with the Gensini score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study revealed that MetS, MetS score and two components of MetS, elevated waist circumference and elevated blood glucose, were associated with the severity of angiographic coronary artery in patients with AMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrategias de mejora en la salud cardiovascular y el tratamiento de la dislipidemia en España. Proyecto Expert Insights","authors":"Juan Pedro-Botet ,&nbsp;Román Freixa ,&nbsp;Juan José Tamarit ,&nbsp;José López-Miranda ,&nbsp;Rosa Fernández-Olmo ,&nbsp;Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo ,&nbsp;Rafael Vázquez-García ,&nbsp;Carlos Guijarro ,&nbsp;Luis Rodríguez-Padial ,&nbsp;José Luis Díaz-Díaz ,&nbsp;Marisol Bravo-Amaro ,&nbsp;José Luís Hernández ,&nbsp;José Antonio Alarcón-Duque ,&nbsp;José Alfredo Martin-Armas ,&nbsp;Martín García-López ,&nbsp;Juan Cosín-Sales","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To gather opinions, recommendations, and proposals for improvement from Spanish clinicians on cardiovascular (CV) health, with particular focus on dyslipidemia management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Expert Insights project involved 8<!--> <!-->face-to-face sessions held throughout Spain, attended by 138 CV health experts. Clinicians answered to 25 questions survey related to CV health and dyslipidemia control. Each session included an analysis and a discussion on the perceived realities and areas for improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>72% of centers have a standardized process for monitoring patients after a CV episode at discharge, but only 37% during their clinical follow-up. Patient care and management are dependent on the physician, with a lack of coordination between hospital specialties and primary care (PC). 95% of clinicians believe it is necessary to standarize treatment optimization. 65% of centers prescribe combined lipid-lowering treatment after a CV episode. Updating cLDL levels in the Therapeutic Positioning Report and standardizing and globalizing the prescription document would reduce iPCSK9 prescription barriers and lead to more equitable access.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In Spain, there are significant deficiencies in the management of dyslipidemia, with a great need for a consensus on standardizing management processes and optimizing patient treatment. The opinions, recommendations, and improvement proposals from Spanish clinicians on CV health are an important starting point to improve the situation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 100738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanisms underlying the cardiac effects of modified citrus pectin in obese rats with myocardial ischemia: Role of galectin-3","authors":"Sara Jiménez-González ,&nbsp;Beatriz Delgado-Valero ,&nbsp;Ana Romero-Miranda ,&nbsp;Fabian Islas ,&nbsp;María Luaces ,&nbsp;Bunty Ramchandani ,&nbsp;María Cuesta-Corral ,&nbsp;Alejandro Montoro-Garrido ,&nbsp;María Luisa Nieto ,&nbsp;Ernesto Martínez-Martínez ,&nbsp;Victoria Cachofeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is used as a nutritional supplement that inhibits galectin-3 activity, a central player in the cardiac damage associated with different pathological situations. In fact, we have previously observed that MCP improved cardiac function in obese infarcted rats that was associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to further explore whether this effect could involve the modulation of gene expression of ECM components and their mediators as well as whether it could affect another two mechanisms involved in cardiac damage: mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male Wistar rats were fed an atherogenic diet with a high content of saturated fat (35%). MI was induced by the ligation of left anterior descendant (LAD) coronary artery 6 weeks after and MCP (100<!--> <!-->mg/kg/day) or vehicle were administered for 4 weeks more. A group of rats fed a standard diet (5.3% fat) and subjected to a sham operation was used as controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Obese infarcted animals presented an increase in cross-linked collagen that was not affected by the administration of galectin-3 inhibitor. However, MCP reduced the increase in gene expression observed in obese infarcted rats of ECM components and mediators (collagen I, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor), of components of endoplasmic reticulum stress (binding immunoglobulin protein, CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein and activating transcription factor 4), of oxidative stress mediator (NADPH oxidase-4) and normalized those of the interleukin 33/ST2 system. MCP is also able to increase the levels of the mitochondrial protein Dynamin-1-like and those of both proteins involved in autophagic flux (p62 and LC3) that were reduced by the myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The data show that the beneficial effect of the nutritional supplement MCP on the cardiac consequences associated with myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity could rely on its capacity to inhibit galectin-3 and to consequently modulate different downstream mechanisms, including inflammation, ER stress, oxidative stress, autophagy and mitochondrial function, which can facilitate fibrosis and cardiac remodeling in this pathological context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carga acumulada de colesterol: el tiempo perdido no se recupera","authors":"Pablo Pérez-Martínez ,&nbsp;José López-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 500805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identificación de nuevas dianas terapéuticas relacionadas con el estrés del retículo endoplasmático y con la disfunción mitocondrial para reducir el riesgo de rotura en el aneurisma de aorta ascendente degenerativo","authors":"Rafael Almendra-Pegueros ,&nbsp;Antonio J. Barros-Membrilla ,&nbsp;Elvira Pérez-Marlasca ,&nbsp;Josep Julve ,&nbsp;José Martinez-González ,&nbsp;Cristina Rodriguez ,&nbsp;María Galán","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (ATAA) is a progressive dilation of the aorta that can be complicated by its dissection leading to death in 80-90% of the patients. When associated with aging and atherosclerosis, the outcome is worse and reconstructive surgery is the only effective therapy. Our objective was to characterize differential expressed genes (DEG) involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria dysfunction in patients with degenerative ATAA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A transcriptomic analysis was performed by RNA sequencing using RNA isolated from ATAA of patients classified as degenerative (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->13) and multi-organ healthy donors (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6). DEGs related to ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were identified with the DESeq2 package. Enriched pathway (Reactome) and protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed with the clusterProfiles package. PPI of the selected DEGs was analyzed based on the string database and visualized by Cytoscape software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Histology revealed a complete disorganization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell loss in the aortic wall of ATAA patients where the upregulation of 15 DEGs and the downregulation of 13 DEGs that encode proteins related to ER stress (ATF4, EIF2AK3, HSPA5, ERN1, SEL1L), mitochondrial dysfunction (DNML1, IMMT, MT-CO3, MT-CYB, MT ND2, TIMM17B, MT-ERF1, TOMM5) and ECM was detected. The results of GO term and enriched pathway analysis indicated that these DEGs are mainly enriched in pathways related to aortic diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our data show that proteins related to mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress might be therapeutic targets for the treatment of ATAA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 100740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of video content quality on PCSK9 inhibitors in social media.","authors":"David Gabriel David-Pardo, Julián E Barahona-Correa, Nancy M Herrera-Leaño, Lauren S Calvo Betancourt, Óscar Mauricio Muñoz Velandia, Daniel G Fernández-Ávila, Ángel Alberto García Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The internet is a major source of health information, with platforms like YouTube® and Facebook® widely used by patients to learn about diseases and treatments. However, the reliability of content on PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i), a therapy for dyslipidemia, remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the general characteristics, user engagement metrics, reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of English- and Spanish-language PCSK9i videos on YouTube® and Facebook®.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Analytical observational study. Paired evaluations were conducted using validated tools: the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) for reliability, a modified content score for comprehensiveness, and the Global Quality Score (GQS) for quality. Comparisons were made based on platform, source, and language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 203 videos were analyzed. YouTube® videos had significantly higher median views, longer duration, and greater engagement than Facebook® videos, while Facebook® contained a higher proportion of non-valuable content (19.6% vs. 3.2%, p<0.001). Most videos targeted patients and healthcare professionals, with professional organizations and independent users as the primary contributors. YouTube® videos were more frequently rated as \"good or better\" based on mDISCERN, content score, and GQS. Notably, for-profit organizations achieved the highest content scores and GQS values. Inter-rater reliability was excellent across all scoring tools, with kappa coefficients exceeding 0.89.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>YouTube® videos on PCSK9i had higher engagement and reliability than those on Facebook®. For-profit organizations produced the most reliable and exhaustive videos. However, overall quality remains suboptimal, underscoring the need for greater oversight and effective strategies to ensure the dissemination of accurate, high-quality information.</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic risk in 44,939 Spanish healthcare workers: Associated variables.","authors":"Pedro Javier Tárraga Marcos, Ángel Arturo López-González, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá, Hernán Paublini Oliveira, Cristina Martorell Sánchez, Pedro Juan Tárraga López, José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article evaluates the atherogenic risk in 44,939 Spanish healthcare professionals by identifying the variables associated with this risk. It explains atherogenesis as the key pathological process in the development of cardiovascular diseases, characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques resulting from atherogenic dyslipidemia. To quantify this risk, lipid indices (total cholesterol/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, and triglycerides/HDL-c ratios) were analyzed and related to factors such as age, sex, professional category, smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results indicate that increasing age, male sex, smoking, and the lack of physical activity or adherence to a healthy diet are associated with higher atherogenic risk values. Furthermore, the study discusses its strengths (such as the large sample size and rigorous methodological design) and limitations, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive interventions and public health policies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of high-throughput sequencing to the study of the main bacterial populations in carotid stenosis.","authors":"Alessandra Franze', Emma Plana, Nuria Jiménez-Hernández, Alejandro Artacho, Javier Pons, Andrés Moya, Alex Mira, F Xavier López-Labrador, Manuel Miralles","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The potential involvement of pathogens in the development of atherosclerosis has been studied for decades. Some previous studies have successfully identified the presence of pathogens in the atheromatous plaque. However, many of these determinations are aimed at detecting the presence of a particular species. The use of omics technologies allows for the analysis of the complete microbial profile of a given sample. In the specific case of atheromatous plaque, the study of the bacterial load composition would help to clarify the possible relationship between infection and atherosclerosis and identify whether there is a bacterial profile associated with unstable plaques and, therefore, with the consequent risk of ischemic events.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We analyzed cross-sectional fragments of carotid atheromatous plaque (N=57) and serum (N=54) from patients with recent neurological symptoms and asymptomatic patients (control group). Nucleic acids were extracted from the samples by enzymatic digestion and homogenization, with additional treatment with type I collagenase in the case of plaques. Bacterial ribosomal RNA (16S-rRNA gene) was amplified and subjected to massive sequencing using the Illumina® Miseq platform. The bioinformatic analysis, to identify the taxonomic composition, and biostatistical analysis, to determine the significant taxa, of the 16S-rRNA was performed in the R environment. As contamination control, bacterial species ratios ≥10 with respect to negative controls were considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of bacterial 16S-rRNA was very low in both types of samples. The bacterial composition in terms of α diversity and β diversity differed between plaque and serum; however, we did not observe significant differences between samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The most abundant phylum and genus in plaque were Firmicutes and Staphylococcus, respectively. For Staphylococcus, we found 100% similarity homology of the 16S-rRNA with 3 species (S. epidermidis, S. caprae, and S. capitis). In serum, the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with Streptococcus being the dominant genus, for which we found 100% homology of the 16S-rRNA with 20 species of oral streptococci.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have successfully applied massive sequencing techniques to determine the presence and relative abundance of bacterial species in atheromatous plaques and serum of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. We have not observed significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients regarding the main genera, so we cannot establish a direct connection between bacterial composition and atheromatous plaque vulnerability. However, a possible association between atherosclerosis and the presence of staphylococci and streptococci in plaque and serum, respectively, cannot be ruled out.</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}