Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Atherogenic risk in 44,939 Spanish healthcare workers: Associated variables.","authors":"Pedro Javier Tárraga Marcos, Ángel Arturo López-González, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá, Hernán Paublini Oliveira, Cristina Martorell Sánchez, Pedro Juan Tárraga López, José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article evaluates the atherogenic risk in 44,939 Spanish healthcare professionals by identifying the variables associated with this risk. It explains atherogenesis as the key pathological process in the development of cardiovascular diseases, characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques resulting from atherogenic dyslipidemia. To quantify this risk, lipid indices (total cholesterol/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, and triglycerides/HDL-c ratios) were analyzed and related to factors such as age, sex, professional category, smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results indicate that increasing age, male sex, smoking, and the lack of physical activity or adherence to a healthy diet are associated with higher atherogenic risk values. Furthermore, the study discusses its strengths (such as the large sample size and rigorous methodological design) and limitations, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive interventions and public health policies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of high-throughput sequencing to the study of the main bacterial populations in carotid stenosis.","authors":"Alessandra Franze', Emma Plana, Nuria Jiménez-Hernández, Alejandro Artacho, Javier Pons, Andrés Moya, Alex Mira, F Xavier López-Labrador, Manuel Miralles","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The potential involvement of pathogens in the development of atherosclerosis has been studied for decades. Some previous studies have successfully identified the presence of pathogens in the atheromatous plaque. However, many of these determinations are aimed at detecting the presence of a particular species. The use of omics technologies allows for the analysis of the complete microbial profile of a given sample. In the specific case of atheromatous plaque, the study of the bacterial load composition would help to clarify the possible relationship between infection and atherosclerosis and identify whether there is a bacterial profile associated with unstable plaques and, therefore, with the consequent risk of ischemic events.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We analyzed cross-sectional fragments of carotid atheromatous plaque (N=57) and serum (N=54) from patients with recent neurological symptoms and asymptomatic patients (control group). Nucleic acids were extracted from the samples by enzymatic digestion and homogenization, with additional treatment with type I collagenase in the case of plaques. Bacterial ribosomal RNA (16S-rRNA gene) was amplified and subjected to massive sequencing using the Illumina® Miseq platform. The bioinformatic analysis, to identify the taxonomic composition, and biostatistical analysis, to determine the significant taxa, of the 16S-rRNA was performed in the R environment. As contamination control, bacterial species ratios ≥10 with respect to negative controls were considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of bacterial 16S-rRNA was very low in both types of samples. The bacterial composition in terms of α diversity and β diversity differed between plaque and serum; however, we did not observe significant differences between samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The most abundant phylum and genus in plaque were Firmicutes and Staphylococcus, respectively. For Staphylococcus, we found 100% similarity homology of the 16S-rRNA with 3 species (S. epidermidis, S. caprae, and S. capitis). In serum, the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with Streptococcus being the dominant genus, for which we found 100% homology of the 16S-rRNA with 20 species of oral streptococci.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have successfully applied massive sequencing techniques to determine the presence and relative abundance of bacterial species in atheromatous plaques and serum of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. We have not observed significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients regarding the main genera, so we cannot establish a direct connection between bacterial composition and atheromatous plaque vulnerability. However, a possible association between atherosclerosis and the presence of staphylococci and streptococci in plaque and serum, respectively, cannot be ruled out.</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudios de prevención cardiovascular en población con hipertrigliceridemia","authors":"Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although hypertriglyceridemia (&gt;<!--> <!-->150<!--> <!-->mg/dl) has been considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease, this relationship is not as linear or robust as that for LDL cholesterol, and the reduction of plasma triglyceride levels has not been consistently related to the reduction of this complication. Thus, in general terms and in the absence of a conclusive clinical benefit, current evidence does not support treatment with fibrates, niacin or omega-3 fatty acids routinely to reduce cardiovascular risk. The recommendation, especially the former, is limited to some subjects already treated with statins and with optimal LDL cholesterol levels in whom elevated triglyceride levels persist. As an exception, only purified icosapent ethyl at a high dose (4<!--> <!-->g daily) has demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has been authorized for this indication, following the results of the REDUCE-IT trial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidencia en la prevención cardiovascular con icosapento de etilo","authors":"Jose Luis Díaz-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Icosapent ethyl, a highly purified ester of eicosapentoic acid, is the only omega-3 fatty acid authorized by the European Medicines Agency to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in people at risk, treated with statins and with triglyceridemia ≥ 150<!--> <!-->mg/dl. This authorization comes as a consequence of the clinical benefit observed in the “Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl Intervention Trial”, in which icosapent ethyl demonstrated - compared to placebo - a 25% reduction in the relative risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a result consistent and independent of other variables in prespecified analyses and hypothesis generating in post-hoc analyses of several patient profiles. Although the mechanism of action for such benefit is not definitively established, it is known that it acts at different levels in the continuum of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (lipid-lowering, vascular endothelium and membrane protection, anti-inflammatory, atherosclerotic plaque stabilizing and antithrombotic effects) and that final anti-atherosclerotic action in the coronary territory has been demonstrated in the study “Effect of Vascepa on Improving Coronary Atherosclerosis in People With High Triglycerides Taking Statin Therapy”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hipertrigliceridemia (> 150 mg/dl) como marcador de riesgo cardiovascular","authors":"José López-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In patients who have achieved optimal LDL-<span>C</span> control, there remains a residual risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) related to alterations in lipid metabolism, among which alterations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the cholesterol they contain, known as remnant cholesterol, play a major role. Remnant cholesterol is related to ASCVD risk that is independent of LDL-C and has been demonstrated in epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies. Numerous epidemiological and genetic Mendelian randomization studies support that elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and remnant cholesterol are causally associated with ASCVD, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, aortic valve stenosis, and all-cause mortality. The remnant particles of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are highly atherogenic due to their ability to enter and be retained in the arterial wall, their high cholesterol content, and their capacity to generate foam cells, induce endothelial dysfunction, a prothrombotic environment, and a vascular inflammatory response. Assessment of remnant cholesterol can provide information about residual ASCVD risk beyond that provided by LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB, particularly in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia, type<!--> <!-->2 diabetes, or metabolic syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500822"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icosapento de etilo: del ensayo REDUCE-IT a la práctica clínica","authors":"Juan Pedro-Botet","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In addition to low-density lipoproteins (LDL), those containing apolipoprotein (Apo) B and with a diameter less than 70 nm, including the smaller triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, remnant particles, and lipoprotein(a), may independently contribute to atherosclerosis because they also cross the endothelium and penetrate the arterial intima. Although mild/moderate hypertriglyceridemia is a recognized vascular risk factor, only two studies, the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention (JELIS) and the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT), using pure eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or icosapent ethyl (IPE), the stable ethyl ester of EPA, respectively, rather than a combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and EPA, have demonstrated a reduction in the rate of cardiovascular events. For this reason, it was deemed appropriate to examine the implications and applicability of the REDUCE-IT study in real-life settings. This analysis suggests a transversal therapeutic approach, based on both LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, for patients at very high cardiovascular risk to achieve an effective prevention. Furthermore, among patients in secondary prevention, treatment with IPE should focus on those with the highest vascular risk (recent acute coronary syndrome, post-infarction, angioplasty, and coronary bypass grafting).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia para la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular","authors":"Carlos Guijarro Herráiz","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative exposure to cholesterol: lost time cannot be recovered.","authors":"Pablo Pérez-Martínez, José López-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of familial dyslipidemias, degree of lipid control and relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population of Galicia. GALIPEMIAS Study.","authors":"José Luis Díaz-Díaz, M Eugenia Ameneiros, Rosa Argüeso Armesto, José María Mostaza Prieto, Xavier Pintó Sala, Avelino Rodríguez González, José Antonio Díaz-Peromingo, Alberto Del Alamo Alonso, Pablo Fernández Catalina, Manuel Suárez Tembra, Carlos Alberto Názara Otero, Marta Pena Seijo, Javier Muñiz García, Teresa Rosalía Pérez-Castro, Antonio Pose Reino, Juan Pedro-Botet Montoya","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>GALIPEMIAS is a study designed to determine the prevalence of familial dyslipidemias in the adult population of Galicia, evaluate the degree of lipid control according to the criteria of current clinical guidelines and analyze its association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study carried out in the general population over 18years of age residing in Galicia and with a health card from the Galician Health Service (n=1,000). The sample was selected by random cluster sampling. The prevalence of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), hypercholesterolemia with dominant inheritance pattern (HC-DI) and familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG), as well as suspected familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FDB) and the joint prevalence of familial dyslipidemias with dominant inheritance (FDL-DI) were analyzed. For the assessment of cardiovascular risk (CVR), the criteria of the 2021 European guidelines for cardiovascular prevention were followed. The LDL-C control target required according to the CVR level was defined according to the 2019 European ESC/EAS guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of FCH was 15.9% (95%CI: 13.6-18.4%), that of HC-DI 5.9% (95%CI: 4.5-7.6%), that of FHTG 1.7% (95%CI: 1.0-2.8%) and that of subjects with suspected FDB 0.9% (95%CI 0.4-1.6%). The joint prevalence of FDL-DI was 23.5% (95%CI: 20.8-26.3%), also present in 1 in 3 subjects with ASCVD. Overall, 60.5% of participants with FDL-DI had high or very high CV risk and 4.6% of them were on target for LDL-C control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of familial dyslipidemia with dominant inheritance is the majority among the adult population living in Galicia with dyslipidemia, with FCH being the most prevalent of them. These subjects are underdiagnosed, are generally at high or very high cardiovascular risk, hardly receive lipid-lowering treatment (1 in 3) and the degree of LDL-C control according to guidelines is very poor. .</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms: A model of the journey from clonal hematopoiesis to cardiovascular disease and cancer.","authors":"Santiago Redondo","doi":"10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last decade, the coming of next-generation sequencing and its application to large human populations is breaking the barrier between inflammation and cancer. Indeed, acquired mutations in key genes that regulate hematopoiesis and thus confer a selective advantage in the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors have established the concept of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential or CHIP. A growing body of clinical and experimental evidence is highlighting the link between CHIP and adverse outcomes, in particular atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer. The apparent surprise about how these two different entities share common mechanisms can be explained by myeloproliferation and inflammation. These mechanisms are involved not only in the development of myeloid tumors but also in atherogenesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms or MPN are a type of myeloid tumors where thrombotic risk is increased not only by higher blood counts but also by means of an accelerated atherosclerosis. Therefore, myeloproliferative neoplasms are a model of the link between clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The concept of CHIP has important clinical applications. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may pave the way for the future early diagnosis and potential pre-emptive treatments of these two major causes of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":45230,"journal":{"name":"Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis","volume":" ","pages":"500767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}