Economic Papers最新文献_第2页

Therapeutic Substitution in Response to Patent Expiry? Statins in Australia* 专利到期后的治疗替代？他汀类药物在澳大利亚*

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12407

Christopher Bates, Susan J. Méndez

{"title":"Therapeutic Substitution in Response to Patent Expiry? Statins in Australia*","authors":"Christopher Bates, Susan J. Méndez","doi":"10.1111/1759-3441.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-3441.12407","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effects of generic entry on the market share of different statins. We use administrative records from a representative sample of Australians between 2003 and 2014 and analyse over 21 million prescriptions to quantify the change in the total market share of each statin after experiencing generic entry for the first time. With detailed information on patients' benefits and prices, we also estimate potential savings from increasing the use of statins where generics became available. Our results indicate that despite the price decrease, the market share of the molecule experiencing generic entry does not significantly increase, and there is some evidence of substitution away from statins with generic availability. For the most commonly used molecules, this association is stronger in patients receiving higher government subsidies. We calculate potential savings of A$17 million if patients had initiated treatment with the most prescribed off-patent statin rather than a patent-protected statin. Generic entry after patent expiry presents an opportunity for a significant reduction in pharmaceutical expenditure if these are preferred. This study highlights the importance of improving prescription systems that help doctors recommend lower cost, clinically appropriate alternatives and enhance the effectiveness of policies promoting generic substitution.","PeriodicalId":45208,"journal":{"name":"Economic Papers","volume":"43 2","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1759-3441.12407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Child Marriage Programs Help Girls Weather Shocks Like COVID-19? Evidence from the More Than Brides Alliance Intervention* 童婚计划是否有助于女孩抵御 COVID-19 等冲击？来自 "不只是新娘联盟 "干预措施的证据*。

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12406

Andrea J. Melnikas, Grace Saul, Neelanjana Pandey, Momoe Makino, Sajeda Amin, Michelle Chau

{"title":"Do Child Marriage Programs Help Girls Weather Shocks Like COVID-19? Evidence from the More Than Brides Alliance Intervention*","authors":"Andrea J. Melnikas, Grace Saul, Neelanjana Pandey, Momoe Makino, Sajeda Amin, Michelle Chau","doi":"10.1111/1759-3441.12406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the evidence base on the impact of the COVID-19 on child marriage prevalence and on the protective potential of girl-centred, community-level interventions in buffering communities against aggregate shocks. Drawing on data from repeat cross-sectional surveys completed with adolescent girls aged 12–19 in 609 villages in four states in India as a part of the More Than Brides Alliance impact evaluation, we examine whether the intervention appears to have impacted child marriage prevalence over its 5-year implementation period, whether the onset of COVID-19 affected ongoing trends in child marriage prevalence, and whether the intervention appeared to have buffered against increased child marriage risk resulting from the pandemic. Results show that significant differences emerged between treatment and control villages between midline and endline—and these differences were larger following the onset of COVID-19—suggesting both that the treatment was successful in preventing child marriage and that the intervention had a protective effect. Results suggest that girl-centred, community-based interventions can help communities to weather environmental shocks and protect girls against potential increased child marriage risk during times of acute crisis.","PeriodicalId":45208,"journal":{"name":"Economic Papers","volume":"42 4","pages":"395-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Does Stress Make You Less Neighbourly?* 压力是否会降低你的邻里关系？

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12405

Anna Ploszaj

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Role of GDP Per Capita, Air Pollution and Non-Economic Factors in Determining Health Expenditure: Evidence from Asian Region Using Instrumental Variables Techniques 评估人均 GDP、空气污染和非经济因素在决定卫生支出中的作用：使用工具变量技术分析亚洲地区的证据

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12404

Samia Nasreen, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Mehr-un Nisa, Faryal Ishtiaq

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of GDP Per Capita, Air Pollution and Non-Economic Factors in Determining Health Expenditure: Evidence from Asian Region Using Instrumental Variables Techniques","authors":"Samia Nasreen, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Mehr-un Nisa, Faryal Ishtiaq","doi":"10.1111/1759-3441.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-3441.12404","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of income per capita, air pollution and healthcare services on health expenditure in Asian economies using annual data from 1995 to 2018. The determinants of total health expenditure and public and private sector health expenditures are estimated separately. The Generalised Methods of Moment (GMM) and Instrument Variable Quantile Panel Regression (IVQPR) techniques are employed in this study. The results explain that environmental pollution, the price of health care, urbanisation and the number of hospital beds have positive effects on total health expenditures as well as on public and private health expenditures. Interestingly, income per capita has a negative effect on health expenditure at lower quantiles and a positive at higher quantiles. The proportion of the elderly population has an adverse effect on total health expenditure, while life expectancy shows a positive effect at lower quantiles and a negative effect at higher quantiles on health expenditure. The impact of the number of physicians per capita is found to be negative and significant, while the availability of safe drinking water and education demonstrates a positive effect on health expenditure. Out-of-pocket expenditure and technological progress are positively associated with health expenditure. Smoking is a significant determinant of government health expenditure, but it is difficult to determine the trend of smoking prevalence in Asian economies. The outcomes of this study provide some important insights to policymakers, which can be used to design a more efficient healthcare sector in Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":45208,"journal":{"name":"Economic Papers","volume":"43 1","pages":"63-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Economic Public Interest in a World of Oligopoly* 寡头垄断世界中的经济公共利益*

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12403

Ross Garnaut

引用次数: 0

Learning Losses of Undergraduate Students in South Asia during COVID-19 and its Determinants* COVID-19 期间南亚本科生的学习损失及其决定因素*

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12402

Farzin Mumtahena, Kaustav Sen, Mahnoor Imran Sayyed, Pasan Wijayawardhana, Roya Zafari, Shrijya Kafle

引用次数: 0

Digitalisation, Exports, Government Support and Firms' Finances during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe* COVID-19 大流行期间的数字化、出口、政府支持和企业财务：来自中欧和东欧的证据*

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12401

Hazwan Haini, Syaza Borhanudin, Pang Wei Loon

引用次数: 0

Hope Springs Eternal: Plurilaterals, the WTO and APEC* 希望永存：多边、世贸组织和亚太经合组织*

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12400

Craig Emerson

引用次数: 0

Entrepreneurial Risk and Digital Financial Inclusion: A Cross-Country Analysis 创业风险与数字金融普惠：跨国分析

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12399

Comlanvi Martin Konou

{"title":"Entrepreneurial Risk and Digital Financial Inclusion: A Cross-Country Analysis","authors":"Comlanvi Martin Konou","doi":"10.1111/1759-3441.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12399","url":null,"abstract":"The inception of financial technologies (Fintech) has enabled expanded use of financial services. Fintech contributes to financial inclusion and by doing so provides impacts on income inequality, poverty and economic growth. A prospective route of influence exerted by Fintech is to assist economic agents in taking entrepreneurial risks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital financial inclusion, as enhanced by FinTech, on entrepreneurial risk. An index for measuring levels of digital financial inclusion was constructed based on variation patterns in several indicators of digital activities. A cross-country model was proposed that relates entrepreneurial risk to digital financial inclusion as well as to a variety of other economic and social factors. Estimation results based on a panel of countries show that digital financial inclusion (0.265), institutional quality (0.169), per capita GDP (0.0456) and education (0.0475) have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial risk. In contrast, time required to start a business (−0.136) and effective tax rates on capital (−0.494) provide negative and significant effects. In addition, a significant quadratic relationship between entrepreneurial risk and remittances (employee compensation and personal transfers) was found.","PeriodicalId":45208,"journal":{"name":"Economic Papers","volume":"42 3","pages":"267-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can Employment Empower Women in Rural India* 就业能否增强印度农村妇女的能力*？

IF 0.9

Economic Papers Pub Date : 2023-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12397

Ayona Bhattacharjee, Jay Dev Dubey

{"title":"Can Employment Empower Women in Rural India*","authors":"Ayona Bhattacharjee, Jay Dev Dubey","doi":"10.1111/1759-3441.12397","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1759-3441.12397","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on women empowerment highlights a positive correlation between work and decision-making power of women within families. On the contrary, the role of work opportunities in letting women achieve greater control over their lives, making them more independent is also well-established. In this background, we explore the effect of women employment on different dimensions of women empowerment by using a nationally representative household survey data, the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS-II, 2011–12). As “empowerment” is unobservable, multi-faceted and difficult to quantify, we model it by an index which aggregates the qualitative answers provided by a respondent. Due to the presence of an endogenous relation, we exploit sources of exogenous variations in employment through an instrumental variable (IV) setup. Following the literature, we identify IV as the level of transport infrastructure in the region where a woman resides. We find that the estimated coefficients are positive and statistically significant, remaining robust to changes in empowerment calculation. In the context of public initiatives aimed at improving female labour force participation and empowering women in India, our results show how policymakers can look beyond standard policies and take the help of transport-related initiatives to improve employment and empowerment.","PeriodicalId":45208,"journal":{"name":"Economic Papers","volume":"43 1","pages":"34-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0