{"title":"Decomposed and partial connectedness between oil shocks and sovereign credit risk in emerging economies: Insights from the Russia-Ukraine war","authors":"Nader Naifar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the decomposed and partial connectedness between oil shocks and sovereign credit risk, emphasizing the dynamics in emerging economies divided between oil-importing and exporting nations. Using data from June 28, 2013, to June 1, 2023, empirical findings indicate that oil demand and supply shocks have become net receivers during the Russo-Ukrainian war, absorbing spillovers from sovereign credit risks. Risk shocks emerge as the only consistent and intensifying net transmitters, indicating the growing role of geopolitical uncertainty in driving volatility. Mexico appears as a notable net transmitter. Brazil also plays a persistent role as a systemic transmitter, while Russia's diminishing influence and higher self-insulation reflect financial decoupling under sanctions. A decreased total connectedness during the conflict suggests a decoupling trend among countries. Our analysis demonstrates the predominance of external over internal connectedness, emphasizing the significant influence of global events. The results display distinct connectedness patterns between oil-importing and exporting countries, reflecting the varied effects of oil price volatility on sovereign credit risk, particularly during geopolitical instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smoothing quantile regression averaging: A new approach to probabilistic forecasting of electricity prices","authors":"Bartosz Uniejewski","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate short-term price forecasting is essential for daily operations in electricity markets. This article introduces a new method, called Smoothing Quantile Regression (SQR) Averaging, that improves upon well-performing probabilistic forecasting schemes. To demonstrate its utility, a comprehensive study is conducted on two electricity markets, including recent data covering the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The performance of SQR Averaging is evaluated both in terms of reliability and sharpness measures, and economic benefits from a trading strategy. The latter utilizes battery storage and sets limit orders using selected quantiles of the predictive distribution. SQR Averaging leads to profit increases compared to the benchmark strategy based solely on point forecasts. This is strong evidence for the practical value of using probabilistic forecasts in day-ahead power trading, even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical disruptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury , Mohammad Abdullah , Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah , Aviral Kumar Tiwari
{"title":"Geopolitical risk and energy market tail risk forecasting: An explainable machine learning approach","authors":"Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury , Mohammad Abdullah , Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah , Aviral Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a forecasting model for energy market tail risk, with a focus on the predictive role of geopolitical risk factors. Using daily energy commodities data spanning from 2000 to 2024, this study evaluates the performance of machine learning models. Results indicate that the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) consistently outperforms other models based on key metrics. Robustness tests across different tail risk levels affirm LGBM as the optimal choice for energy market tail risk forecasting. Furthermore, model interpretability reveals that geopolitical risk indicators contribute significantly, with a 19.15 % impact on the forecasting model. Notably, the foreign exchange market, influences predictions by 15 %, while the monetary policy, contributes 12.19 %. Our findings have significant implications for regulators, industry practitioners, and investors seeking optimal tail risk forecasting during geopolitical conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hedging grain price risk. Keep it simple! Econometric evidence from the grain markets, 1982–2024","authors":"Marie Steen, Sjur Westgaard, Ole Gjolberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the effectiveness of seven hedging strategies for reducing price risk in the U.S. grain market. The strategies are ranging from a naïve “one-for-one” hedge to advanced econometric models such as Error Correction Models and GARCH, allowing for time-varying volatility. Using monthly data for corn, wheat, and soybeans 1982–2024 for conducting out-of-sample evaluations 1997–2024, we assess whether complex models provide meaningful advantages over simpler approaches. We find that while all strategies substantially reduce risk, simpler models perform comparably to more sophisticated ones in terms of standard deviation, Value-at-Risk, and Expected Shortfall. The results remain robust to different sub-samples and estimation windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Portfolio implications based on quantile connectedness among cryptocurrency, stock, energy, and safe-haven assets","authors":"Yulian Zhang , Shigeyuki Hamori","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We employ a quantile time-frequency connectedness model to investigate the interdependencies among four asset groups: cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and BNB), stocks (S&P 500, Euro Stoxx 50, FTSE 100, and Nikkei 225), safe-haven assets (gold, the US dollar, and treasury bills), and energy markets (oil, gas, coal, and electricity), using daily data from November 2017 to November 2024 (1625 observations). Our results reveal that, under normal market conditions, markets are more affected by their own shocks than by cross-market spillovers. This indicates that investors should pay closer attention to endogenous risks during stable periods. Moreover, we find that diversification across different asset classes is more effective under normal conditions, while investing within the same group may be more appropriate during bullish or bearish market phases. Market uncertainty also tends to rise as conditions become more extreme. This study is the first to confirm quantile-based connectedness both within and across asset classes in the time-frequency domain. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of market interactions and offer practical insights for investment decisions, portfolio management, and regulatory policy in an increasingly interconnected global financial environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extremal dependence in Australian electricity markets","authors":"Lin Han , Ivor Cribben , Stefan Trück","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electricity markets are significantly more volatile than other comparable financial or commodity markets. Extreme price outcomes and their transmission between regions pose significant risks for market participants. We examine the dependence between extreme spot price outcomes in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). We investigate extremal dependence both in a univariate and multivariate setting, applying the extremogram developed by <span><span>Davis and Mikosch (2009)</span></span> and <span><span>Davis et al., 2011</span></span>, <span><span>Davis et al., 2012</span></span>. We measure the persistence of extreme prices within individual regional markets and the transmission of extreme prices across different regions. With both 5-minute and 30-minute price data, we find that extreme prices are more persistent in the market with a higher share of intermittent renewable energy. We also find that the persistence of extreme prices is more prevalent in more concentrated markets. We also show significant extremal price dependence between different regions, which is typically stronger between physically interconnected markets. The dependence structure of extreme prices shows asymmetric and time-dependent patterns. Applying the extremograms, we further show the effectiveness of the Australian Energy Market Commission’s 2016 rebidding rule with respect to reducing the share of isolated price spikes that are often considered as an indication of strategic bidding. Our results provide important information for the hedging decisions of market participants and for policymakers who aim to reduce market volatility and extreme price outcomes through effective regulations that guide the trading behaviour of market participants as well as improved network interconnections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyang Yao, Sairidaer Maimaitijiang, Jianfeng Li, Wei Le
{"title":"How financial markets respond to climate policy uncertainty: A dynamic resilience analysis","authors":"Xiaoyang Yao, Sairidaer Maimaitijiang, Jianfeng Li, Wei Le","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of the global transition to a sustainable development, focusing on the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on financial markets is important to prevent green swan events. This paper analyzes the resilience of major stock and commodities markets to CPU shocks from the perspectives of absorption intensity and duration, which imply the ability to withdraw the shocks and recover from them, respectively. Based on these two aspects, we construct a resilience index and explore the impacts of macroeconomic conditions on resilience. We find that most markets exhibit negative responses to CPU shocks, except for natural gas and precious metals. Most markets’ resilience to CPU has intensified, whereas, traditional energy sectors and the agricultural commodities market still shown the most vulnerability to CPU shocks. Compared to negative causality, the macro-economic conditions show higher level of positive causality to resilience. An increase in macro-economic uncertainty can exacerbate the deterioration of market resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verena Hagspiel , Ådne Jonsbråten , Maxime Lesage , Filip Fremo Minge , Farida Mustafina
{"title":"Assessing the impact of tax systems on investment incentives in future marine minerals projects on the Norwegian Continental Shelf","authors":"Verena Hagspiel , Ådne Jonsbråten , Maxime Lesage , Filip Fremo Minge , Farida Mustafina","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the impact of two principally different tax systems on potential investment decision-making in marine minerals projects, using the Norwegian Continental Shelf as a case study. The exploration phase of a project is modeled as a multistage decision process through which a company acquires information to reduce geological uncertainties about potential deposits. At different decision gates, the company decides whether it is optimal to continue exploration or abandon the deposits based on their expected economic viability. A dynamic valuation framework is used to evaluate the impact of potential tax systems on corporate decision-making concerning both the exploration of deposits and the project value resulting from the extraction of deposits. Specifically, a standard corporate tax system and variations of the Norwegian petroleum tax system are compared.</div><div>The findings suggest that a tax system similar to the Norwegian petroleum tax system, but with lower tax and refund rates, offers advantages for both companies and the states. Specifically, the petroleum tax system with a 30% total tax rate and a 25% refund rate yields the highest expected net present value for the company and reduces its exploration risks compared to the standard corporate tax system. While shifting parts of the exploration risks from the company to the state, the petroleum tax system with a 60% total tax rate and a 55% refund rate generates the highest net tax balance for the state. A trade-off tax system could be designed to share the risks inherent in mineral exploration and extraction, maintaining a balance between corporate and regulatory decision-makers by encouraging investment in the sector and ensuring sustainable economic benefits to the state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James E. Payne , Saban Nazlioglu , Ahmet Koncak , Bradley T. Ewing
{"title":"U.S. climate policy uncertainty shocks and the growth in renewable energy production","authors":"James E. Payne , Saban Nazlioglu , Ahmet Koncak , Bradley T. Ewing","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investment in renewable energy production has been subject to swings in the U.S. policy stance on climate change creating uncertainty. Determining how and to what extent the renewable energy sector responds to climate policy uncertainty is relevant to understanding the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. This study examines the relationship between the growth in renewable energy production and its sub-components and climate policy uncertainty while accounting for oil price uncertainty and the growth in oil prices, industrial production, and carbon emissions, respectively. Utilizing generalized impulse response analysis within a vector autoregressive model framework, we find that total renewable energy production responds negatively to shocks to climate policy uncertainty but exhibits only a small positive response to oil price uncertainty. Further examination of renewable energy production by its sub-components (i.e., hydropower, biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar) shows that the time path responses to uncertainty shocks differ by sub-component. The findings suggest that policies to facilitate an energy transition by treating renewables similarly may not have the desired effects and thus should be tailored to individual sub-components to achieve targeted goals for renewable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk, uncertainty, world business cycles, and the U.S. stock-oil relationship","authors":"André Varella Mollick","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2025.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine in this paper the transmission of geopolitical risks (GPR), VIX, economic policy uncertainty (EPU), and “macro uncertainty” shocks to real WTI oil and U.S. stock returns (S&P 500). Structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) are applied to monthly data from 1990:1 to 2023:6 with identification based on long-run restrictions of impulse responses from risk/uncertainty measures to world industrial production. The main results are: First, oil prices respond positively to shocks in GPR and macro uncertainty in the short-run, but not to shocks in VIX and EPU. Second, stock returns respond negatively and for longer to <em>both</em> GPR and VIX shocks. Third, S&P 500 moves up with positive real WTI shocks for between 5 and 8 months, supporting favorable stock market reaction to oil fundamentals. By verifying shock contributions to real asset prices, the pair (GPR, VIX) outperforms other combinations of risk/uncertainty. Two-regime Markov-Switching VARs present satisfactory regime classification measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}