{"title":"Estimation of value at risk for copper","authors":"Konstantinos Gkillas , Christoforos Konstantatos , Spyros Papathanasiou , Mark Wohar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We analyze various types of models for Value at Risk (VaR) forecasts for daily copper returns. The period of the analysis is from January 4, 2000 to January 14, 2021 including 5290 daily closing prices. The models considered are GARCH-type models, the Generalized Autoregressive Score model, the Dynamic Quantile Regression model, and the Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk model specifications. The best model is selected using the Model Confidence Set approach. This approach provides a superior set of models by testing the null hypothesis of equal </span>predictive ability. The findings suggest that the EGARCH model outperforms the rest of the models for the copper commodity under investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80385804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Bayesian perspective on commodity style integration","authors":"Ana-Maria Fuertes , Nan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Commodity style integration is appealing because by forming a unique long-short portfolio with exposure to K mildly correlated factors, a larger and more stable risk premium can be extracted than with any of the standalone styles. A key decision that a commodity style-integration investor faces at each rebalancing time is the relative weighting of the factors. We propose a Bayesian optimized style-integration (BOI) strategy with excellent out-of-sample performance. Focusing on the problem of a commodity investor that seeks exposure to the carry, hedging pressure, momentum, skewness, and basis-momentum factors, the evidence suggests that the BOI portfolio achieves better Sharpe ratios and certainty equivalent returns, among other performance metrics, than the </span><span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> style-weighted integrated portfolio, and a battery of sophisticated optimized integrations. The findings survive the consideration of longer estimation windows, various commodity score schemes, and alternative Bayesian priors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-frequency dependence and connectedness among global oil markets: Fresh evidence from higher-order moment perspective","authors":"Jinxin Cui , Aktham Maghyereh","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating the dependence and connectedness among global oil markets is of great significance for cross-market investors and regulators. However, most of the existing studies are confined to lower-order moments and the time domain. This paper is the first to examine the time-frequency dependence and connectedness among global oil markets from the higher-order moment perspective by applying the wavelet coherence method and the newly proposed time-varying parameter vector autoregression-based frequency connectedness approach. The empirical results demonstrate that higher-order moment dependence among oil markets is weaker than return and volatility dependence. In general, Dubai, Minas, and Tapis oil exhibit relatively higher wavelet coherence with Daqing oil at all moments. The lead-lag relationships are heterogeneous during most sample intervals. The total return and volatility connectedness indices are higher than the skewness and kurtosis. The return connectedness mainly occurs in the short term (1–5 days) whereas the volatility, skewness, and kurtosis connectedness occur in the long run (22-Inf days). West Texas Intermediate oil dominates the return, volatility, and skewness connectedness network while Dubai oil dominates the kurtosis connectedness network. Furthermore, the dynamic total, net, and net-pairwise connectedness indices are all time-varying and event-dependent with the higher-order moment connectedness illustrating more volatile features. Several practical implications are provided for various market agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of global liquidity and commodity market shocks in a commodity-exporting developing economy","authors":"Gan-Ochir Doojav, Davaajargal Luvsannyam, Elbegjargal Enkh-Amgalan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper assesses the effects and transmission mechanisms of global liquidity and commodity market shocks in Mongolia, a commodity-exporting developing economy, using a structural vector </span>autoregression<span> (SVAR) model. Results show that boom and bust cycles in commodity and international financial markets<span> lead to business and financial cycles in the economy as these shocks account for 30, 45, and 60 percent of domestic output, real exchange rate, and lending rate fluctuations, respectively. Commodity demand shocks have more persistent and robust effects on domestic cycles than commodity supply shocks. Trade and financial (resource export revenues, lending rate, and exchange rate) channels are essential in transmitting the shocks. Buoyant commodity demand and global liquidity shocks lead to a significant fall in the domestic lending rate, while positive commodity supply and global liquidity shocks appreciate the real exchange rate.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The asymmetric impact of global economic policy uncertainty on international grain prices","authors":"Shaobo Long , Jieyu Li , Tianyuan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using monthly data from January 1998 to May 2021, this study investigates the asymmetric impact of global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) on international grain prices by using nonlinear autoregressive distribution lag (NARDL). We find that there is a positive, asymmetric relationship between GEPU and international grain prices. Specifically, GEPU has a greater negative than positive impact on wheat and maize prices, and the positive impact on soybean price is more pronounced than the negative one. We have also observed that the asymmetric impact of GEPU on rice price is not significant in the long run. The findings have important implications to formulate targeted and differentiated international grain price regulatory policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information effects of monetary policy announcements on oil price","authors":"Yang Yang , Jiqiang Zhang , Sanpan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>If the information held by the central bank is different from that of market participants, then the central bank’s announcement not only affects the view of monetary policy<span> but also the view of economic fundamentals. This study investigates the information effects of monetary policy announcements on oil prices using a structural vector autoregression (VAR) model identified by sign restrictions. The sign restrictions rely on the high-frequency linkage between stock prices and </span></span>interest rates surrounding the policy announcements. We find that a positive central bank information shock, which raises the interest rate by six basis points, leads to a 1.7% increase in oil prices within two months. We also find that central bank information shocks affect oil prices through the </span>finance and expectation channels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongwei Zhang , Chen Jin , Elie Bouri , Wang Gao , Yahua Xu
{"title":"Realized higher-order moments spillovers between commodity and stock markets: Evidence from China","authors":"Hongwei Zhang , Chen Jin , Elie Bouri , Wang Gao , Yahua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We construct daily realized volatility, skewness, and kurtosis<span> using 5-min data of eight Chinese commodity futures and the Chinese stock market index from March 26, 2018 to October 22, 2020, then analyse the dynamic spillovers of realized moments among these markets. The results show that the spillover effects between commodity and stock markets intensify during shock periods such as ‘trade disputes between China and the United States’ and ‘COVID-19’. Volatility spillovers are relatively stronger than spillovers in skewness or spillovers in kurtosis; however, spillovers in higher-order moments seem to contain additional information. Shocks from the </span></span>silver<span><span> market influence realized moments of other markets. Soybean, corn, aluminium, and oil markets are affected by other markets. The contribution of wheat as a net transmitter to the system of spillovers between stock and commodity markets is only observed at higher-order realized moments. The results from OLS and </span>quantile regressions show that the total spillovers are generally affected by the US stock market, economic uncertainties, and the COVID-19 outbreak.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Sklibosios Nikitopoulos, Alice Carole Thomas, Jianxin Wang
{"title":"The economic impact of daily volatility persistence on energy markets","authors":"Christina Sklibosios Nikitopoulos, Alice Carole Thomas, Jianxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the role of daily volatility persistence in transmitting information from macro-economy in the volatility of energy markets. In crude oil and natural gas markets<span>, macro-economic factors, such as the VIX, the credit spread and the Baltic exchange dirty index, impact volatility, and this impact is channeled via the volatility persistence. Further, the impact of returns and variances is primarily transmitted to volatility via the daily volatility persistence. The dependence of volatility persistence on market and macro-economic conditions is termed conditional volatility persistence (CVP). The variation in daily CVP is economically significant, contributing up to 18% of future volatility and accounting for 29% of the model's explanatory power. Inclusion of the CVP in the model significantly improves volatility forecasts. Based on the utility benefits of volatility forecasts, the CVP adjusted volatility models provide up to 160 bps benefit to investors compared to the HAR models, even after accounting for transaction costs and varying trading speeds.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juncal Cunado , Ioannis Chatziantoniou , David Gabauer , Fernando Perez de Gracia , Marfatia Hardik
{"title":"Dynamic spillovers across precious metals and oil realized volatilities: Evidence from quantile extended joint connectedness measures","authors":"Juncal Cunado , Ioannis Chatziantoniou , David Gabauer , Fernando Perez de Gracia , Marfatia Hardik","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2023.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a novel quantile vector autoregressive extended joint connectedness framework to examine realized volatilities spillovers between oil and precious metals commodities using daily data from May 1st, 2006 until June 18th, 2021. Our findings suggest that crude oil is the main net transmitter of shocks in the network across all quartiles. The dynamic total connectedness is heterogeneous over time and driven by economic events. Interestingly, we see that the higher the quartile the more pronounced the net transmission mechanisms of realized volatilities. Notably, the net total directional and pairwise connectedness measures illustrate in most cases similar dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting the Silver Crisis","authors":"Don Bredin , Valerio Potì , Enrique Salvador","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2022.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the Silver<span> Crisis of the late 1970s, which resulted in a $150 million lawsuit against the Hunt Brothers. In August 1988, the Hunt Brothers were found guilty by a jury of conspiracy, manipulation, monopolization, racketeering and fraud. Using a behavioural model, we aim to quantify the extent of manipulation in the silver market during the 1970s and the 1980s, with a specific focus on the period leading up to the Silver Crisis. Our behavioural model takes account of the role of fundamentals, manipulation and speculation. Our results indicate very little evidence of manipulation in the silver market in the run up to the Silver Crisis. Both fundamentals and speculation dominate the silver market during our sample, with speculation particularly important in the latter half of the 1970s. The distinction between manipulation and speculation is critical. While manipulation forces prices away from their fundamental value, speculation does not. Speculators certainly aim to take advantage of price changes but the actions are fully rational and consistent with the fundamental value of silver.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}