Yanli Zhu , Xian Yang , Chuanhai Zhang , Sihan Liu , Jiayi Li
{"title":"Asymmetric multi-scale systemic risk spillovers across international commodity futures markets: The role of infectious disease uncertainty","authors":"Yanli Zhu , Xian Yang , Chuanhai Zhang , Sihan Liu , Jiayi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the role of infectious disease uncertainty on multi-scale risk spillovers and portfolio implications across 12 international commodity futures markets from January 2006 to August 2022. We use wavelet packet decomposition and a novel risk spillover network topology approach based on a smooth transition vector autoregression model. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, there is an obvious asymmetry in spillover effects, i.e., the intensity of risk spillovers increases significantly during periods of high infectious disease uncertainty, and clear evidence of time-varying total spillovers across various regimes and frequencies. Second, cross-category risk spillovers are more pronounced in high-uncertainty regimes, while risk networks tend to cluster within the same category during low-uncertainty regimes. Third, the role of commodity futures in the risk spillover networks varies across different time scales and regimes, with gold consistently acting as a stable net risk transmitter. We also develop optimal portfolio strategies across commodity futures markets at different time scales and regimes based on the risk spillover analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food-fuel nexus beyond mean-variance: New evidence from a quantile approach","authors":"Linjie Wang , Xiaoli Etienne , Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between crude oil, ethanol, and corn markets across various quantiles of return distributions, as well as at higher statistical moments. Using a quantile vector autoregression model and data from 2007 to 2022, we find that the cross-market linkages are quantile dependent, with the strongest connections observed in the tails of the distribution. A shock to the oil market significantly impacts ethanol and corn returns under extreme bearish and bullish conditions. Positive shocks to the corn market reduce ethanol returns when the ethanol market is highly bullish, but this effect becomes positive in the left tail of the distribution. We also identify significant co-movement in higher statistical moments between these markets. Extreme excess kurtosis in the food-fuel nexus is more likely to occur with high financial market uncertainty, a bullish stock market, contracting industrial production, and a strong US dollar. In addition to these variables, credit spreads, futures market liquidity, futures term structure, and hedging pressure also influence kurtosis in individual markets within the nexus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of geopolitical risk in volatility structure: New evidence from biofuels, crude oil, and grains commodity markets","authors":"Renata Karkowska, Szczepan Urjasz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to explore the complex linkages and evolving structure of price volatility in the global oil, biofuels, and grain commodity markets during periods of global turbulence. With the growing urgency for energy stability amid climate change, biofuels are gaining traction as a viable alternative energy source. However, their production can significantly impact essential commodities like grains and vegetable oils, increasing food prices and heightened market volatility. We introduced a TVP-VAR frequency connectedness method to address this, analyzing data from January 1, 2013, to September 29, 2023. Our approach offers a fresh perspective on market dynamics and geopolitical risks.</div><div>The study underscores the growing influence of agricultural shocks on energy markets, particularly within the ethanol sector. It confirms that the Russia-Ukraine war, a significant geopolitical event, has had a profound and enduring impact on the interconnectedness of these markets across various timeframes and frequencies. We offer concrete, actionable policy recommendations to mitigate the transmission of market shocks within the energy and food sectors, thereby bolstering investor and policymaker confidence and facilitating informed decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonzalo Cortazar , Hector Ortega , Joaquin Santa Maria , Eduardo S. Schwartz
{"title":"Expected returns on commodity ETFs and their underlying assets","authors":"Gonzalo Cortazar , Hector Ortega , Joaquin Santa Maria , Eduardo S. Schwartz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a new way of estimating ETFs' expected returns. Instead of using traditional CAPM-like expected return models on ETFs' market prices, it consists of implementing ETFs' investment strategy on the underlying assets and using these assets' pricing models to estimate the expected returns on the ETFs. The hypothesis is that whenever valuable knowledge is available on the underlying asset returns, this information can be helpful when estimating expected ETF returns.</div><div>We illustrate our approach by choosing the United States Oil Fund (USO), the largest oil futures-based ETF. We propose estimating ETF returns using their investment strategy in oil futures and an oil pricing model. We use a three-factor stochastic process for oil futures and forecasts calibrated using a Kalman Filter and maximum likelihood estimation procedure.</div><div>Using historical futures prices, we successfully replicate historical NAV values following their investment strategy. We then estimate ETFs' expected returns using NAVs as a proxy for ETFs' market values and implement their investment strategy priced using the oil price model. We then compare our results with the more traditional CAPM expected return estimation, obtaining a similar average but a time-varying expected ETF return that reacts to market conditions and allows us to analyze their macroeconomic determinants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of news sentiment in salmon price prediction using deep learning","authors":"Christian Oliver Ewald , Yaoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper employs deep learning models and sentiment analysis to predict salmon spot prices. Our data includes historical price data and sentiment scores from 2018 to 2022. We extract sentiment scores from salmon-related news headlines by using FinBERT and TextBlob. We begin with price prediction using only historical price data and then introduce sentiment scores to improve the prediction accuracy of deep learning models. We find that the prediction performance of deep learning models outperforms traditional prediction methods in the salmon market. Our primary hybrid CNN-LSTM model outperforms other deep learning models and traditional models. Additionally, deep learning models incorporating sentiment scores exhibit reduced prediction errors. Our findings confirm the value of sentiment information in improving forecasting performance. These findings highlight the effectiveness and robustness of our CNN-LSTM model combined with sentiment analysis for price prediction in the salmon market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Hua Fan , Adrian Fernandez-Perez , Ivan Indriawan , Neda Todorova
{"title":"When Chinese mania meets global frenzy: Commodity price bubbles","authors":"John Hua Fan , Adrian Fernandez-Perez , Ivan Indriawan , Neda Todorova","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines price bubbles in global commodity markets. We find that positive bubbles are more driven by fundamental shocks, while negative bubbles are more influenced by pessimistic market views on prices and the economy. Furthermore, bubble determinants vary across geographic regions. Trader behavior and policy uncertainty play prominent roles in influencing price bubbles in China, while global bubbles are predominantly shaped by rational responses to inventory, growth, and inflation. Finally, only positive bubbles exhibit contagion across regions. Overall, our findings suggest that asset price bubbles arise from traders' behavioral responses to a combination of fundamental, macroeconomic, and idiosyncratic shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Mahdi Mousavi , Giray Gozgor , Albert Acheampong
{"title":"Do oil market shocks affect financial distress? Evidence from firm-level global data","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Mousavi , Giray Gozgor , Albert Acheampong","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of three oil price shocks on financial distress of global firms using a dataset of 8130 firms across 48 countries from 2002 to 2022. It also analyses the role of energy diversification in the relationship between oil shocks and firm distress. The findings reveal that aggregate demand and specific demand shocks increase firm distress risk, while supply shocks reduce it. Furthermore, the results suggest that energy diversification mitigates the impact of specific demand shocks on firm distress. The study also implements several robustness checks, and the results remain consistent. Potential policy implications are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Laudagé , Florian Aichinger , Sascha Desmettre
{"title":"A comparative study of factor models for different periods of the electricity spot price market","authors":"Christian Laudagé , Florian Aichinger , Sascha Desmettre","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to major shifts in the European energy supply, a structural change can be observed in Austrian electricity spot price data starting from the second quarter of the year 2021 onward. In this work, we study the performance of two different factor models for the electricity spot price in three different time periods. To this end, we consider three samples of EEX data for the Austrian base load electricity spot price, one from the pre-crisis from 2018 to 2021, the second from the time of the crisis from 2021 to 2023, and the whole data from 2018 to 2023. For each of these samples, we investigate the fit of a classical 3-factor model with a Gaussian base signal and one positive and one negative jump signal and compare it with a 4-factor model to assess the effect of adding a second Gaussian base signal to the model.</p><p>For the calibration of the models, we develop a tailor-made Markov Chain Monte Carlo method based on Gibbs sampling. To evaluate the model adequacy, we provide simulations of the spot price as well as a posterior predictive check for the 3- and the 4-factor model. We find that the 4-factor model outperforms the 3-factor model in times of non-crises. In times of crisis, the second Gaussian base signal does not lead to a better fit of the model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding stochastic electricity spot price models in this new market environment. Hence, it serves as a solid base for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405851324000540/pdfft?md5=263715891f55b2845be32b1642e61920&pid=1-s2.0-S2405851324000540-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weathering market swings: Does climate risk matter for agricultural commodity price predictability?","authors":"Yong Ma, Mingtao Zhou, Shuaibing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The challenges posed by climate change on the agricultural market have become a pressing concern. An accurate reading of future agricultural commodity prices can be an invaluable planning instrument for diverse interested parties. Here, we explore asset pricing implications of climate risk for the agricultural commodity market from January 2005 to December 2021. Through introducing a composite climate risk index based on the four individual climate risk measures of Faccini et al. (2023), our findings provide valuable insights into the time-series predictability of aggregate climate risk on future agricultural commodity returns, both in- and out-of-sample. This powerful predictability conveys substantial economic benefits to mean–variance investors and cannot be subsumed by conventional economic predictor variables. The evidence further suggests that physical risk, especially global warming, exhibits much stronger return predictability than transition risk. Moreover, we emphasize the pivotal role of climate risk in shaping supply dynamics and capturing investor attention, thereby serving as potential drivers of return predictability. Overall, these predictive insights hold important implications for risk management, investment strategies, and policy formulation in the agricultural commodity market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oil jump tail risk as a driver of inflation dynamics","authors":"Laurent Ferrara , Aikaterini Karadimitropoulou , Athanasios Triantafyllou","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomm.2024.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we look at the role of various oil jump tail risk measures as drivers of both U.S. headline and core inflation. Those measures are first computed from high-frequency oil future prices and are then introduced into standard regression models in order to (i) assess in-sample determinants of inflation, (ii) assess overtime the evolution of inflation drivers, (iii) estimate impulse response functions and (iv) forecast inflation out-of-sample for various horizons. Empirical results suggest that oil jump tail risk measures contain useful information to describe inflation dynamics, generally leading to upward inflationary pressures. Even after controlling from standard variables involved in a Phillips curve, goodness-of-fit measures show evidence of a gain, in particular for headline inflation. Overall, we observe that oil jump tail risk measures are contributing more to inflation dynamics since the Covid-19 crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Commodity Markets","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405851324000539/pdfft?md5=5d89b9e4b9ec4a970908e9abe8f70468&pid=1-s2.0-S2405851324000539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}