IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1515/prbs-2021-0004

Laia Arnaus Gil, Johanna Stahnke, Natascha Müller

{"title":"On the Acquisition of French (Null) Subjects and (In)Definiteness: Simultaneous and Early Sequential bi-, tri- and Multilinguals","authors":"Laia Arnaus Gil, Johanna Stahnke, Natascha Müller","doi":"10.1515/prbs-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The French non-null-subject parameter is set very early, irrespective of the number of languages acquired. By contrast, the acquisition of (in)definiteness marking takes place at age 11;0. For early parametrized grammatical phenomena, Tsimpli (Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria. 2014. Early, late or very late? Timing acquisition and bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4(3). 283–313.) argues that age of onset (AoO) matters. For late acquired phenomena, language experience is crucial. We recruited 23 simultaneous and 34 early sequential L2 (eL2) learners of French (mean age 4;6). Using an elicitation task, we examined the production of French subjects and (in)definite articles. All children behaved similarly with respect to the (early) setting of the null-subject parameter. In contrast, (in)definite marking was sensitive to number of languages and age; AoO or input effects did not affect the results. Simultaneous multilinguals diverge from eL2 children, showing subject spell-out preferences, interpreted in terms of acquisition phases. We will discuss this result against a model of language acquisition in which the child proceeds in acquisition stages.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"54 1","pages":"181 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90547043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Clause Structure and Illocutionary Force in Medieval Gallo-Romance: Clitic Position in Old Occitan and Early Old French Sentential Coordination 中世纪高卢浪漫主义的子句结构与言外力量:古欧西语和早期古法语句子协调中的关键位置

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1515/prbs-2020-0009

B. Donaldson

引用次数: 1

Clause Structure and Illocutionary Force in Medieval Gallo-Romance: Clitic Position in Old Occitan and Early Old French Sentential Coordination 中世纪高卢浪漫主义的子句结构与言外力量:古欧西语和早期古法语句子协调中的关键位置

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1515/Probus-2020-0009

B. Donaldson

引用次数: 0

On the Acquisition of French (Null) Subjects and (In)Definiteness: Simultaneous and Early Sequential bi-, tri- and Multilinguals 法语(无)主语习得和(有)确定性:同时和早期顺序双语、三语和多语

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2021-0004

Laia Arnaus Gil, Johanna Stahnke, Natascha Müller

{"title":"On the Acquisition of French (Null) Subjects and (In)Definiteness: Simultaneous and Early Sequential bi-, tri- and Multilinguals","authors":"Laia Arnaus Gil, Johanna Stahnke, Natascha Müller","doi":"10.1515/probus-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The French non-null-subject parameter is set very early, irrespective of the number of languages acquired. By contrast, the acquisition of (in)definiteness marking takes place at age 11;0. For early parametrized grammatical phenomena, Tsimpli (Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria. 2014. Early, late or very late? Timing acquisition and bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4(3). 283–313.) argues that age of onset (AoO) matters. For late acquired phenomena, language experience is crucial. We recruited 23 simultaneous and 34 early sequential L2 (eL2) learners of French (mean age 4;6). Using an elicitation task, we examined the production of French subjects and (in)definite articles. All children behaved similarly with respect to the (early) setting of the null-subject parameter. In contrast, (in)definite marking was sensitive to number of languages and age; AoO or input effects did not affect the results. Simultaneous multilinguals diverge from eL2 children, showing subject spell-out preferences, interpreted in terms of acquisition phases. We will discuss this result against a model of language acquisition in which the child proceeds in acquisition stages.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82939647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Analogical Levelling in the Majorcan Catalan Demonstrative System 马略卡语示范系统中的类比调平

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2021-0001

E. Todisco, P. Guijarro-Fuentes, Kenny R. Coventry

{"title":"Analogical Levelling in the Majorcan Catalan Demonstrative System","authors":"E. Todisco, P. Guijarro-Fuentes, Kenny R. Coventry","doi":"10.1515/probus-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Demonstratives are cross-linguistically widespread expressions. The use of demonstratives is flexible due to their semantic elasticity, which allows them to describe more or less extensive regions or referents in a communicative scenario. The constant remapping between demonstratives and referents might lead to a restructuring of the deictic system itself in accordance with the parameters affecting its use. To that end, we analyzed the structural changes affecting demonstratives in Majorcan Catalan by analysing whether speakers use three or two terms (aquest/aqueix/aquell vs. aquest/aquell) to convey spatial information. We also assessed whether any change in the adnominal/pronominal forms mirrored locative adverbs reduction. We elicited the production of demonstratives in 36 simultaneous Majorcan/Spanish bilinguals via a psycholinguistic experiment and we found two main results. First, simultaneous bilingual speakers do not extensively use the term aqueix to convey information related to physical distance. Second, the pronominal/adnominal reduction from three- to two-terms differs from the adverbial reduction. In the first case, aqueix is dropping out of the system, while locative adverbs present a shift with substitution of açí for aquí. Overall, our results shed new light on how the Majorcan Catalan demonstrative system is structured and explain structural changes in terms of ‘analogical levelling’ in paradigmatic relations.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73474797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Analogical Levelling in the Majorcan Catalan Demonstrative System 马略卡语示范系统中的类比调平

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1515/prbs-2021-0001

E. Todisco, P. Guijarro-Fuentes, Kenny R. Coventry

{"title":"Analogical Levelling in the Majorcan Catalan Demonstrative System","authors":"E. Todisco, P. Guijarro-Fuentes, Kenny R. Coventry","doi":"10.1515/prbs-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Demonstratives are cross-linguistically widespread expressions. The use of demonstratives is flexible due to their semantic elasticity, which allows them to describe more or less extensive regions or referents in a communicative scenario. The constant remapping between demonstratives and referents might lead to a restructuring of the deictic system itself in accordance with the parameters affecting its use. To that end, we analyzed the structural changes affecting demonstratives in Majorcan Catalan by analysing whether speakers use three or two terms (aquest/aqueix/aquell vs. aquest/aquell) to convey spatial information. We also assessed whether any change in the adnominal/pronominal forms mirrored locative adverbs reduction. We elicited the production of demonstratives in 36 simultaneous Majorcan/Spanish bilinguals via a psycholinguistic experiment and we found two main results. First, simultaneous bilingual speakers do not extensively use the term aqueix to convey information related to physical distance. Second, the pronominal/adnominal reduction from three- to two-terms differs from the adverbial reduction. In the first case, aqueix is dropping out of the system, while locative adverbs present a shift with substitution of açí for aquí. Overall, our results shed new light on how the Majorcan Catalan demonstrative system is structured and explain structural changes in terms of ‘analogical levelling’ in paradigmatic relations.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"33 1","pages":"33 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85700238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

On the Syntax of French Qu’est-ce que Clauses and Related Constructions 法语Qu 'est-ce - que分句及相关结构的句法研究

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2020-0010

Jean-Yves Pollock

引用次数: 0

On the Syntax of French Qu’est-ce que Clauses and Related Constructions 法语Qu 'est-ce - que分句及相关结构的句法研究

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1515/prbs-2020-0010

Jean-Yves Pollock

引用次数: 1

Frontmatter

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2020-frontmatter2

引用次数: 0

Remarks on the Role of the Perfect Participle in Italian Morphology and on its History 略论完成分词在意大利语形态学中的作用及其历史

IF 0.6 2区文学

Probus Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2020-0006

A. Calabrese

{"title":"Remarks on the Role of the Perfect Participle in Italian Morphology and on its History","authors":"A. Calabrese","doi":"10.1515/probus-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since (Aronoff, Mark. 1994. Morphology by itself. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press), the disparate morphosyntactic roles that past participle forms have in Latin (and Italian) morphology have played a central role in arguing for morphomic approaches. In this article, I will propose an alternative analysis of the special behavior of these participle forms in Distributed Morphology (DM, Halle Morris, & Alec Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In Kenneth Hale & Samuel Jay Keyser (eds.), The view from building 20: Essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger, 111–176. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.). In particular, I will propose that morphological spell-out, as a first stage of the PF derivation, includes morphological repairs triggered by abstract “morphomic” constraints. These repairs can insert “ornamental” pieces – structures that are not motivated syntactically or semantically but only morphologically – to mediate the interface between abstract syntactico-semantic structures and surface PF construction. I will demonstrate the role that these repairs play in accounting for the surface convergence between perfect and passive participle forms, and adjectival stative ones, and for the appearance of past participles in nominalizations. The article ends with an analysis of Latin past participle morphology focusing on its historical development. The first part of this analysis deals with the development of Latin verbal structure from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and in particular with the development of “ornamental” thematic vowels. It then turns to a brief investigation of the historical development of the Latin past participle exponent /-t-/ from PIE adjectival suffix *-tó-, and of the PIE agentive and action/result nominal suffixes *-tér/tor, *-ti-, *-tu, *-men-(to)-. This will lead to a discussion of Latin nominalizations, the supine and the future participle and a possible explanation of why they contain participial morphology.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"89 1","pages":"209 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73002521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

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