International Social Security Review最新文献

{"title":"Income protection for self-employed and non-standard workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Slavina Spasova,&nbsp;Pietro Regazzoni","doi":"10.1111/issr.12292","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on original evidence from the European Social Policy Network (ESPN), the article investigates the extent to which self-employed and non-standard workers, who are less protected by “ordinary” social protection, were included in “extraordinary” income protection and job retention schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom. When the crisis hit, countries quickly introduced unprecedented emergency income replacement measures for the self-employed. Nevertheless, most of these schemes provided only basic support through lump sums and were, in some cases, subject to a variety of eligibility conditions. Non-standard workers were in general included in job retention schemes, but substantial gaps remained in some countries. The article discusses how such gaps were addressed in five EU Member States. The article concludes by highlighting some policy pointers for better and more adequate “extraordinary” income protection for the self-employed and non-standard workers in times of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"75 2","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9349796/pdf/ISSR-75-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40681141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that foster and challenge the sustainability of departmental health insurance units in Senegal","authors":"Valéry Ridde,&nbsp;Mouhamadou Faly Ba,&nbsp;Marion Guyot,&nbsp;Babacar Kane,&nbsp;Ndeye Bineta Mbow,&nbsp;Ibrahima Senghor,&nbsp;Adama Faye","doi":"10.1111/issr.12300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an effort to establish universal health coverage (UHC), Senegal set up two departmental health insurance units (UDAM) to scale-up health insurance to rural communities. Part of this innovation meant that health insurance was no longer managed by volunteers, but by professionals. Several years after the conclusion of the project in 2017 that supported their initial development, both UDAMs still operate successfully. This mixed methods research aims to understand the factors that have contributed to the sustainability of both UDAMs, as well as discuss the remaining challenges. The factors deemed favourable to sustainability are actions undertaken to ensure financial stability and organizational risk taking. However, the mobilization of the population, relationships with health professionals and the role of the State have been more difficult to organize. Challenges concern the payment of subsidies and the supply of medicines by the State and partnership with the health care system, the maintenance of contributions, the digitalization of administration, as well as fraud and abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"75 2","pages":"97-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam","authors":"Roddy McKinnon","doi":"10.1111/issr.12301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"75 2","pages":"119-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137531374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egypt’s reformed social insurance system: How might design change incentivize enrolment?","authors":"Ghada Barsoum,&nbsp;Irene N. Selwaness","doi":"10.1111/issr.12294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2019, the Government of Egypt issued a new legal framework for its social insurance system. Aside from providing a unified scheme covering different groups of workers, the new regulation allowed for systemic and parametric reforms that were aimed in large part at addressing the challenge of workers’ low enrolment in social insurance, with an emphasis on informal workers. The reforms reduced the rate of contributions paid by employees and employers, increased the penalties for employers who do not register their workers, and improved the benefits structure. The law also specified provisions to facilitate the enrolment of informal workers by offering to cover the employer’s share of their contributions. However, the law limited such improved access to nine specific categories of informal workers, a decision that fails to recognize the diversity of informal forms of work. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of contributors to the previous system, this article argues that structural barriers pertaining to the large numbers of low-earners and informal enterprises in the economy will likely hinder the expansion of system enrolment despite the legal reforms.</p><p>En 2019, le gouvernement égyptien a promulgué un nouveau cadre juridique pour son système d’assurance sociale. Outre la mise en place d’un régime unifié couvrant différents groupes de travailleurs, le nouveau règlement a introduit des réformes systémiques et paramétriques visant en grande partie à relever le défi du faible taux d’affiliation des travailleurs au système d’assurance sociale, en particulier parmi les travailleurs de l’économie informelle. Les réformes ont réduit le taux des cotisations versées par les employés et les employeurs, augmenté les pénalités pour les employeurs qui n’enregistrent pas leurs salariés et amélioré la structure des prestations. La loi a également prévu des dispositions afin de faciliter l’affiliation des travailleurs de l’économie informelle en offrant de couvrir la part de l’employeur dans leurs cotisations. Toutefois, cette décision ne prend pas en compte la diversité des formes de travail informel puisque seules neuf catégories spécifiques des travailleurs concernés peuvent bénéficier des nouvelles dispositions légales. En se basant sur l’analyse des caractéristiques des cotisants au système précédent, cet article soutient que les obstacles structurels liés au grand nombre de travailleurs à faible revenu et de l’économie informelle sont susceptibles d’entraver l’expansion des affiliations au système en dépit des réformes légales.</p><p>En 2019, el Gobierno de Egipto promulgó un nuevo marco jurídico para su sistema de seguro social. Las nuevas disposiciones, además de proporcionar un régimen unificado que abarcaba distintos grupos de trabajadores, permitían realizar reformas sistémicas y paramétricas destinadas en gran medida a hacer frente al problema que plantea la baja tasa de afiliación de los trabajadores a la seguridad social, en parti","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"75 2","pages":"47-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/issr.12268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process evaluation of the Disability Allowance programme in the Maldives","authors":"S. Hameed, Matthew Walsham, L. Banks, H. Kuper","doi":"10.1111/issr.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12289","url":null,"abstract":"Limited evidence on the design and implementation of social protection programmes for people with disabilities in low-and middle-income countries constrains understanding of how their impacts could be improved. The Disability Allowance programme in the Maldives is a non means-tested, monthly cash transfer targeting people with disabilities. Using qualitative methods, process evaluation was used to examine the intervention design, implementation, and likelihood of achieving its intended objectives. There were important strengths of the programme, including the broad de fi nition of disability. We fi nd that delivery could be strengthened through providing greater clarity on eligibility criteria and strengthening human resources to widen the programme ’ s reach. Intervention fi delity was challenged by inconsistent practice among implementers and lack of established protocols. Most importantly, the absence of linkages with the Medical Welfare scheme that provides assistive devices potentially limits the likelihood of the programme achieving intended objectives.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42199828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilemmas when implementing conditional cash transfers: Lessons for Ghana and the rest of us","authors":"J. Danquah, Einar Øverbye","doi":"10.1111/issr.12288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of institutional factors and people’s preferences on expenditure for social protection","authors":"Vincenzo Vinci, F. Gassmann, P. Mohnen","doi":"10.1111/issr.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44334626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling old‐age retirement: An adaptive multi‐outcome LAD‐lasso regression approach","authors":"Tero Lähderanta, Janne Salonen, J. Möttönen, M. Sillanpää","doi":"10.1111/issr.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12287","url":null,"abstract":"Using unique administrative register data, we investigate old-age retirement under the statutory pension scheme in Finland. The analysis is based on multi-outcome modelling of pensions and working lives together with a range of explanatory variables. An adaptive multi-outcome LAD-lasso regression method is applied to obtain estimates of earnings and socioeconomic factors affecting old-age retirement and to decide which of these variables should be included in our model. The proposed statistical technique produces robust and less biased regression coef fi cient estimates in the context of skewed outcome distributions and an excess number of zeros in some of the explanatory variables. The results underline the importance of late life course earnings and employment to the fi nal amount of pension and reveal differences in pension outcomes across socioeconomic groups. We conclude that adaptive LAD-lasso regression is a promising statistical technique that could be usefully employed in studying various topics in the pension industry.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can defined contribution pensions survive the pandemic? The Chilean case","authors":"S. Kay, S. Borzutzky","doi":"10.1111/issr.12286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12286","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic threatens the viability of Chile’s defined contribution (DC) pension system, undermining its financial foundation and exposing its vulnerability to political risk. The COVID‐19 crisis led to the approval of three rounds of emergency withdrawals of 10 per cent of pension savings (as of April 2021). Utilizing pension funds during an economic crisis is neither new nor uncommon – during the Great Recession, several countries in Central and Eastern Europe diverted DC pension funds to cope with the fiscal stresses. As Chile prepares to draft a new constitution, debates about the efficiency and equity of the pension system are ongoing. In this regard, and as the political response to the pandemic demonstrates, the DC system has failed to live up to its promise of ending political risk and preventing the diversion of pension funds for other expenditures.Alternate :L’incidence de la pandémie de COVID‐19 menace la viabilité du système de pensions à cotisations définies du Chili, en mettant à mal ses ressources financières et en révélant sa vulnérabilité face aux risques politiques. En raison de la crise de COVID‐19, les Chiliens ont pu effectuer, à trois reprises, des retraits d’urgence de 10 pour cent de leur épargne pension (à partir d’avril 2021). La libération de fonds de pension en pleine crise économique n’est pas nouvelle ni unique: durant la Grande Récession, plusieurs pays d’Europe centrale et de l’Est ont détourné l’utilisation des fonds de pension à cotisations définies pour faire face à la pression fiscale. À l’heure où le Chili s’apprête à rédiger une nouvelle constitution, les discussions concernant l’efficacité et l’équité du système de pensions vont bon train. À ce sujet, et comme l’ont révélé les mesures politiques prises face à la pandémie, le système à cotisations définies n’est pas parvenu à tenir ses promesses et à écarter les risques politiques, ni à empêcher le détournement des fonds de pension à d’autres dépenses.Alternate :Los efectos de la pandemia de COVID‑19 amenazan la viabilidad del sistema de pensiones de cotización definida, puesto que menoscaban su situación financiera y exponen su vulnerabilidad a riesgos políticos. La crisis de la COVID‑19 ha llevado a la aprobación, en tres ocasiones y con carácter de emergencia, de la retirada del 10 por ciento de los ahorros para las pensiones (a partir de abril de 2021). Recurrir a los fondos de pensiones durante una crisis económica no es nuevo ni inusual. Durante la Gran Recesión, en varios países de Europa Central y Oriental se emplearon fondos de pensiones de cotización definida para hacer frente a la presión fiscal. Mientras Chile se prepara para redactar una nueva constitución, prosiguen los debates sobre la eficiencia y la equidad del sistema de pensiones. A este respecto, y como han puesto de manifiesto las medidas políticas adoptadas","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48678289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}