Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.4067/S0718-83582021000200183
Fernando Carrión Mena, Paulina Cepeda Pico
{"title":"Corredores urbanos: centralidades longitudinales de articulación global","authors":"Fernando Carrión Mena, Paulina Cepeda Pico","doi":"10.4067/S0718-83582021000200183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582021000200183","url":null,"abstract":"Las nuevas formas de acumulacion global producen transformaciones constantes y aceleradas de las urbes, no solo en las escalas de analisis, sino tambien en los paradigmas de planificacion. Este articulo aborda la configuracion de los nodos de articulacion global de America Latina identificados como corredores urbanos o centralidades longitudinales, que configuran una relacion lugar-flujo de las actividades intraurbanas y transurbanas. Con el fin de determinar su transformacion de avenidas principales a centralidades globales, se analizan los casos de corredores urbanos mas importantes mediante una metodologia comparativa y en funcion de cuatro factores: historicos, de funcionalidad, de accesibilidad y de territorialidad. A partir de ello se verifica la transformacion de las avenidas urbanas en corredores globales y, sobre todo, en nuevas centralidades.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":"36 1","pages":"183-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46254908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.4067/S0718-83582021000200302
A. Reyes
{"title":"Inseguridad urbana, participación ciudadana y cuidado vecinal: la búsqueda por protección en los barrios","authors":"A. Reyes","doi":"10.4067/S0718-83582021000200302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582021000200302","url":null,"abstract":"En Chile, el temor al delito ha producido una intensa agenda de participacion ciudadana en los territorios. Inspirados en los postulados de la criminologia ambiental y la ecologia urbana, se han difundido esquemas de participacion vecinal, cuyas teorias suponen que la organizacion y el lazo social actuan como una barrera informal frente a la inseguridad en los vecindarios. Un aspecto poco analizado refiere a como se producen de manera cotidiana estos procesos, cual es el rol que juega el Estado y cuales son los mecanismos que hacen posible la segurizacion. El articulo, fundado en un estudio etnografico en un barrio de Santiago, propone que el sentimiento de desproteccion que experimentan los sujetos moviliza practicas que adquieren la textura del cuidado que les permite lidiar con la incertidumbre que produce el peligro. Ello es posible en un contexto en el cual lo barrial y lo comunitario son moldeados a traves del llamado a participar a la ciudadania hecho por el Estado, que moviliza el cuidado mutuo al mismo tiempo que segrega y estigmatiza a los mas pobres. Estas practicas son promovidas por las politicas neoecologicas de seguridad en los territorios, la cuales ponen limites a la vida en comun en la ciudad.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":"36 1","pages":"302-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.4067/S0718-83582021000200279
Juan Cristóbal Moreno Crossley
{"title":"¿Al lado del camino? Inventariando estrategias de autogestión del hábitat en Chile","authors":"Juan Cristóbal Moreno Crossley","doi":"10.4067/S0718-83582021000200279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582021000200279","url":null,"abstract":"Reconociendo su caracter multiple y rechazando su mal adjudicada calificacion de practicas residuales o perifericas, el presente articulo aborda la tarea de describir, catalogar y cuantificar algunas de las principales estrategias contemporaneas de autogestion del habitat en Chile, subrayando como en ellas pueden identificarse claves significativas para promover mejoras en las condiciones de vida de algunos grupos de poblacion. Para esto se aplica una metodologia cuantitativa y descriptiva, basada en el analisis de los datos de Encuesta Casen 2017, que busca estimar la incidencia de diferentes practicas ligadas a la autogestion del habitat entre los hogares del primer quintil de ingreso y analizar sus intersecciones. Del analisis realizado se concluye que estas practicas resultan sumamente variadas y revisten una alta significacion numerica. Segun se observa, mas de 930 mil hogares (83% de hogares en el primer quintil de ingreso) dispone de experiencia concreta o capacidades para la autogestion del habitat en al menos una de las dimensiones identificadas. Asimismo, se observa que la movilizacion de redes de apoyo, la provision comunitaria o autogestionada de servicios basicos, junto al mejoramiento y autoconstruccion de vivienda constituyen las modalidades mas frecuentes.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":"36 1","pages":"279-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200020
Marília Hildebrand
{"title":"Mobilidade urbana à luz da justiça social: convite a uma perspectiva alternativa","authors":"Marília Hildebrand","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200020","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to offer a possibility of interpretation/conduction of mobility policies from the perspective of social justice. To do this, it starts from the premise that the new multi-faceted paradigm that studies urban trips, requires also to observe, and incorporate, apart from income, other axis of subordination –including sexual diversity, race, ethnicity, to mention a few– that are usually disregarded in the analysis. To put together this theoretical reflection, it draws on a review of academic literature addressing the dimensions of urban space production, inequality, and distributive theories, with a necessary review of authors that deal directly with the issue of combined social exclusion and transport disadvantages. It concludes by suggesting that the adherence of research agendas guided by this perspective can support significant advances in the incorporation of urban mobility as a form –in fact– of right to the city.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44299868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200080
Denise Brikman
{"title":"Localización diferencial, modos de habitar disimiles. Analizando la segregación desde la movilidad cotidiana","authors":"Denise Brikman","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200080","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este articulo es identificar y conceptualizar dinamicas de segregacion urbana diferenciales en asentamientos informales con distintas localizaciones a partir de la identificacion de los modos de habitar de sus residentes desde un analisis de las practicas de movilidad cotidiana. Concretamente se focaliza en dos villas de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina) que poseen una distinta insercion en la estructura urbana: Villa 15 y Rodrigo Bueno. En esta clave, analizamos las practicas de movilidad cotidiana en dialogo con la estructura de servicios, equipamientos y transporte disponible. Como fruto de este analisis, evidenciamos que la localizacion de los asentamientos informales y el equipamiento disponible, habilita modos distintos de recorrer y practicar la ciudad, generando efectos diferenciales en la segregacion. En esta ciudad, que presenta una estructura centripeta de sus beneficios, residir en barrios informales ubicados en los alrededores del centro permite un mayor acceso a un conjunto de oportunidades urbanas.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47812596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200208
F. Dureau, Matthieu Giroud, Jean-Pierre Lévy
{"title":"La observación de las movilidades cotidianas","authors":"F. Dureau, Matthieu Giroud, Jean-Pierre Lévy","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200208","url":null,"abstract":"su posición, sus movimientos, sus actividades, sus posibles interacciones con otros individuos y el entorno físico de la cafetería. Se elaboraron así 130 fichas de análisis individuales. Nuevas observaciones más específicas después del día de la encuesta y en otros días de la semana (excluyendo los fines de semana) ayudaron a identificar regularidades y a confirmar los patrones temporales de frecuentación. Estas visitas fueron una oportunidad para realizar entrevistas informales con el propietario del bar y con algunos clientes. Fuentes: Giroud, 2007a y","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45055329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200054
Daniel Felipe Moreno Alba, Óscar Figueroa, Carole Gurdon
{"title":"Desigualdades urbanas: costos y tiempos de viaje en el Área Metropolitana de Santiago","authors":"Daniel Felipe Moreno Alba, Óscar Figueroa, Carole Gurdon","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200054","url":null,"abstract":"Urban sprawl has expanded the distances and travel times of people who live and work in cities. In the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile, profound challenges are imposed on its less favored inhabitants since both their income and the territories where they reside reveal a diminished availability of mobility capital. This research seeks to calculate and understand the different costs of mobility, expressed in time and money to commute to work, as an expression of existing urban inequalities in the city. For this, the SocioEconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) of the Ministry of Social Development of 2015 and 2017 are used, which incorporate questions about people’s mobility. From a quantitative approach, the monthly monetary costs of household mobility are defined by determining their percentage in the monetary household income, and a complementary analysis is carried out considering different socioeconomic variables. The results show deep inequalities linked to a greater weight of public transport cost in the income of the most vulnerable, a fact that is consistent with longer commuting times due to the distance between their residence and work centers, higher unemployment, and relatively less private motorization. entre semana y de fines de semana) más los viajes de dos días adicionales (los viajes extra). Por último, se divide este costo total sobre los ingresos monetarios del hogar, para obtener el porcentaje que representa en cada decil. La siguiente formulación, sintetiza el procesamiento descrito:","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45593681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200127
Andrea Salazar
{"title":"Experiencias de movilidad cotidiana de mujeres migrantes: explorando el barrio La Chimba desde una perspectiva feminista","authors":"Andrea Salazar","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200127","url":null,"abstract":"En este articulo se analizan experiencias de movilidad cotidiana que, pese a ser fundamentales para la sostenibilidad de la vida, han sido marginadas de la planificacion territorial; nos referimos a las experiencias de mujeres migrantes. Esta investigacion explora practicas de caminata en el barrio La Chimba, Santiago de Chile, desde una aproximacion cualitativa a traves de grupos focales y entrevistas, utilizando la tecnica del sombreo en mujeres provenientes de paises del sur global. A partir de conocer los ritmos, sentires y saberes de las participantes se llega a la conclusion que las experiencias peatonales dependen, principalmente, de los roles (re)productivos que asumen; del idioma en el que hablan, la alteridad o no alteridad de sus cuerpos y las redes sociales y comunitarias que generan con el territorio de llegada -teniendo en comun entre ellas un privilegio epistemico para conocer el territorio que habitan.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46891133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200001
Thierry Lulle, María Mercedes Di Virgilio
{"title":"Mirar la vida urbana desde el caleidoscopio de las movilidades","authors":"Thierry Lulle, María Mercedes Di Virgilio","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista INVIPub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-83582021000200328
Goran Ivo Marinovic
{"title":"Las Higueras: An Overture to the Alternation of Customizing Incremental Houses","authors":"Goran Ivo Marinovic","doi":"10.4067/s0718-83582021000200328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-83582021000200328","url":null,"abstract":"Incremental housing, supported by governmental funding, denotes a solution for low-income households where dwellings can gradually customized by users. This article examines the process of incremental construction and proposes an alternation of two phases: the basic house design and its customization. When designing houses, government officials and architects should follow three sub-phases: developing the design of the house with households, presenting the final design to households, and supporting families’ habitation of the basic house. For the customization process, the professionals should pursue the three sub-phases guideline: inform households about building skills required for customization, discuss the different possibilities for completing the houses, and connect all this with households’ financial resources. The outcome is a template for self-building that synthesizes collecting data about the issues during customization for future incremental housing projects. This article is based on fieldwork analyzing “Las Higueras” (2006) incremental housing project in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, assessing the families’ capabilities to subsequently customize their houses, and using qualitative research methods in collaboration with Las Higueras, the Chilean Ministry of Housing and Urban Design, and Gubbins architecture studio.","PeriodicalId":44990,"journal":{"name":"Revista INVI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70290931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}