Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the use of long-acting insulin in management of diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Amany El Hawary, Ali Sobh, Ashraf Elsharkawy, Gad Gamal, Mohammad Hosny Awad","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448086.043","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448086.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We evaluated the effectiveness of early start of long-acting insulin during management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with DKA were randomly assigned to receive either a traditional DKA management protocol or concurrent administration of subcutaneous (SC) long-acting insulin alongside intravenous insulin during DKA treatment. The primary outcomes were duration of insulin infusion and adverse effects of the intervention, mainly hypoglycemia and hypokalemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For this study, 100 pediatric patients with DKA were enrolled, 50 in each group (group I received the conventional DKA management and group II received conventional DKA management plus SC long-acting insulin once daily). Patients in group II showed a significant reduction in both duration and dose of insulin infusion compared to group I, with a median (interquartile range) of 68.5 hours (45.00-88.25 hours) versus 72 hours (70.25-95.5 hours) (P=0.0001) and an insulin dose of 3.48±1.00 units/kg versus 4.04±1.17 units/kg (P=0.016), respectively. Concurrent administration of SC long-acting insulin with intravenous insulin during DKA treatment was associated with a decreased risk of hypoglycemia (number of hypoglycemia events: group I, 22 events; group II, 12 events, P=0.029), with no increased risk of hypokalemia compared to the control group (number of hypokalemia events: group I, 12 events; group II, 19 events, P=0.147).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed that coadministration of SC long-acting insulin in addition to the usual insulin infusion during DKA management in the pediatric population can lead to a shorter duration of insulin infusion. In addition, this approach is not associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia or hypokalemia. Moreover, coadministration of long-acting insulin may be associated with a decreased incidence of hypoglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on &quot;Progress in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review of telerehabilitation and wearable devices&quot.","authors":"Ji Hyun Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2524081edi02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2524081edi02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"57-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Age of menarche and final height in patients with permanent congenital hypothyroidism.","authors":"Pegah Karimian, Silva Hovsepian, Tahereh Alinia, Homeyra Raispour, Naghmeh Mirshahzadeh, Mahin Hashemipour","doi":"10.6065/apem.2025.err01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2025.err01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics, risk stratifications, and long-term follow-up of childhood differentiated thyroid cancer: a single-center experience.","authors":"Sirmen Kızılcan Çetin, Zehra Aycan, Zeynep Şıklar, Elif Özsu, Suat Fitöz, Koray Ceyhan, Aydın Yağmurlu, Gülnur Göllü Bahadır, Emel Ünal, Nurdan Taşyıldız, Metin Kır, Çiğdem Soydal, Merih Berberoğlu","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448100.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448100.050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Guidelines of the Pediatric American Thyroid Association (ATA) serve as a vital reference for managing the rare thyroid cancers in childhood. This study evaluates differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients using the ATA guidelines, dynamic risk stratification (DRS), and other established risk classification systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pediatric patients with DTC under observation after total thyroidectomy were included in the study. We assessed preoperative and postoperative features based on the ATA guidelines, other risk scoring systems (TNM; De Groot staging; metastasis, age, completeness of resection, invasion, and tumor size; and combined risk), and the DRS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41 patients was enrolled in the study, with a median follow-up duration of 5.14±3.94 years. Of the patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, 33 were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma and 8 with follicular thyroid carcinoma. During follow-up, cervical metastases were detected in 27 patients, and one had distant metastasis. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and 68% received lymph node dissection. Additionally, 16 patients received radioactive iodine therapy. Of the postoperative patients, 85.3% were classified as low risk. Based on DRS, patients were classified as having no evidence of disease (n=29, 70.7%), biochemical evidence of persistent disease (n=5, 12.2%), structural evidence of persistent disease (n=6, 14.6%), and recurrent disease (n=1, 2.5%). Notably, 98% of the patients showed no evidence of disease during their latest follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistent disease in patients classified as low risk according to the ATA guidelines resolved following radioactive iodine therapy, emphasizing the importance of risk stratification in postoperative care.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of permanent versus transient congenital hypothyroidism. A pragmatic cohort study.","authors":"Niki Dermitzaki, Vasileios Giapros, Marianna Deligeorgopoulou, Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou, Eleni Kotanidou, Maria Baltogianni, Foteini Balomenou, Anastasios Serbis","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448126.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448126.063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate potential predictors that may be used in clinical practice to discriminate between permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) and transient congenital hypothyroidism (TCH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling neonates diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) by neonatal screening test or blood testing due to risk factors. The levothyroxine (LT4) dose and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of children from birth to three years of age were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>88 neonates were enrolled, 35 with PCH and 53 with TCH. Doses above 3.8μg/kg/d at 6 months (sensitivity:62%, specificity:96%), 3.0μg/kg/d at 12 months (sensitivity:64%, specificity:97%), 2.6μg/kg/d at 2 years (sensitivity:80%, specificity:98%), and 2.5μg/kg/d at 3 years (sensitivity:89%, specificity:98%) of age could predict PCH. The need for a daily total LT4 dose>50&#181;g at any time of the follow-up period was observed solely in the PCH group (28% vs 0% p<0.0001). Independent predictors of discrimination between PCH and TCH were TSH levels at diagnosis (beta=-4.3, p<0.001), the daily dose of LT4 at six months (beta=-2.9, p=0.004), at 12 months (beta=-3.4, p=0.0007), and at 24 months of age (beta=-3.2, p=0.0013), TSH>5μIU/ml at any time after treatment initiation (beta:-3.6, p=0.0003), and the need for LT4 dose increase more than twice (beta:-3.2, p=0.0009). Conclusions: To discriminate PCH from TCH in this study, LT4 dosing, and a combination of prognostic markers such as total LT4>50&#181;g along with TSH levels at diagnosis, the need to increase the LT4 dose during treatment and TSH levels>5μIU/mL at any time during the treatment period could be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of β-casein A2 cow milk supplementation on physical growth, inflammation, growth, and metabolism hormonal profiles in stunted children.","authors":"Revi Gama Hatta Novika, Atriany Nilam Sari, Siti Nurhidayati, Rufidah Maulina, Luluk Fajria Maulida, Nurul Jannatul Wahidah, Muhana Fawwazy Ilyas, Lanjar Sumarno, Sigit Prastowo, Cecilia M Jevitt","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448158.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448158.079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have suggested that milk consumption can promote growth in children. However, limited studies have been done on the effects of various cow milk varieties, especially β-Casein A2 milk. This study aims to investigate the effect of β-Casein A2 cow milk supplementation on physical growth, inflammation, growth, and metabolism hormonal profiles in stunted children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a quasi-experimental study with only one group, pre-and post-test design. This research is divided into three stages: allele testing in the β-casein gene, process into ready-to-drink milk, and clinical trial. The participants studied were children aged 12-36 months who were given 200ml Allele-2 milk supplementation once a day for three months. The outcome assessment included physical growth (body weight and height), inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and cortisol levels), and growth and metabolism hormonal profiles (insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1], transferrin, and growth hormone [GH] levels) that were measured during pre, middle (week 6), and post (week 12) of intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 30 study participants. Significant body weight and height improvements were observed at week six and post-intervention (week 12) compared to pre-intervention. Inflammation markers showed significant reductions in TNF-α and cortisol levels post-intervention. Additionally, growth hormone profiles exhibited significant increases in IGF-1, transferrin, and GH levels post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the potential of β-Casein A2 milk as a dietary intervention to address stunting in low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, β-Casein A2 milk reduces the risk of several diseases due to lower BCM-7 metabolite production than β-Casein A1 milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological insights into early puberty in Thai girls: a 5-year study.","authors":"Phattariya Yaisilp, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Taninee Sahakitrungruang","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448112.056","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448112.056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is growing global concern about the shift to earlier onset of puberty among girls; however, the prevalences of precocious and normal variant puberty among Thai girls are uncertain. We conducted a study at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Bangkok from 2018 to 2022 (amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic) to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of early puberty in a large cohort of Thai girls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 583 girls who had been evaluated for early puberty were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and treatment approaches were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses found a significant annual increase in evaluations for early signs of puberty (P-value for trend 0.04). The majority (71.2%) of cases were categorized as gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH)-dependent or central precocious puberty (CPP), with 16 cases showing abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. Among girls with normal variant puberty, early normal puberty was the most common category (10.5%), followed by premature thelarche (9.5%), slow-progressive precocious puberty (6.6%), and premature adrenarche (2.2%). Median age at presentation, basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and bone age differed significantly among groups. Importantly, 97% of girls with CPP received GnRH agonists. Girls with CPP exhibited higher body mass index z-scores and basal LH and FSH compared with those with slow-progressive precocious puberty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analyses of the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of early puberty in Thai girls highlighted the impact of obesity on pubertal timing. The findings underscore the need for preventive weight management and country-specific guideline updates to enhance healthcare strategies for young girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on blood glucose levels in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Min Hyung Cho, Young Suk Shim, Hae Sang Lee","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448072.036","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448072.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought stringent social distancing measures, resulting in changes to daily routines such as increased time at home, remote learning, altered meal schedules, and reduced physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 47 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes who visited Ajou University Hospital before and after the lockdown. To analyze the effects of the lockdown on glycemic control, we examined the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after the lockdown.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 47 patients, 23 (49%) were female and the average age before the lockdown as of March 2020 was 11.65±3.03 years. The mean HbA1c levels were 8.22%±1.69% and 7.86%±1.57% before and after the lockdown, respectively, showing better glycemic control during the lockdown (P=0.001). The decrease in HbA1c was more significant in subjects with higher pre-lockdown HbA1c levels, older patients, and individuals not using continuous glucose monitoring or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. However, from a long-term perspective, HbA1c levels at 3 years and 1 year before and after the lockdown were not significantly different.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of intensive social distancing for COVID-19 on blood glucose control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, changes due to the lockdown had a more pronounced effect on patients with existing poor glycemic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in metrics of continuous glucose monitoring during COVID-19 in Korean children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Hwa Young Kim, So Hyun Shin, Hyunju Lee, Jaehyun Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448036.018","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448036.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There are limited data regarding changes in glucose control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate changes in the metrics of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system during COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents with T1D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen patients with T1D (<18 years of age) were included in this retrospective study. The effects of COVID-19 on CGM metrics were assessed at 5 time points (2 weeks before COVID-19 [time 1], 1 week before COVID-19 [time 2], during COVID-19 [time 3], 1 week after COVID-19 [time 4], and 2 weeks after COVID-19 [time 5]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants had at least 1 symptom of COVID-19 and did not need to be hospitalized. The glucose management indicator (GMI) was higher at time 3 (7.7%±1.4%) compared to time 1 (7.1%±1.1%; P=0.016) and time 5 (7.0%±1.2%; P=0.008). According to the insulin delivery method, the GMI at time 3 was significantly higher than that at time 5 in patients treated with multiple daily injections (MDI) (median and interquartile range, 8.0% [6.1%-8.5%] vs. 7.1% [5.8%-7.9%]; P=0.020) but not in those treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric patients with T1D and mild COVID-19 showed worsening glycemic control during COVID-19 infection, but it returned to preinfection levels within 2 weeks of infection. CSII is more effective in maintaining stable glycemic control during COVID-19 infection than is MDI therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research advances in children's sleep and vitamin D levels.","authors":"Liuyan Zhu, Dan Yao","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448076.038","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448076.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, studies have revealed that vitamin D, a steroid hormone essential for calcium and phosphorus metabolism, also plays a role in sleep. Adequate levels of vitamin D have been linked to improved sleep quality in children and effective prevention of sleep problems. This report is a review and summary of research on the significance of sleep, the stages of children's sleep, and the impact of vitamin D levels on sleep problems. Additionally, this report explores the mechanisms through which vitamin D improves sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}