{"title":"Association between cannabis use and risk of gynecomastia: commentary on \"Gynecomastia in adolescent males: current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment\".","authors":"Jia-Lin Wu, Jun-Yang Luo, Xin-Yi Deng, Zai-Bo Jiang","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448152.076","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448152.076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on \"Pediatric and adult osteoporosis: a contrasting mirror\".","authors":"Yoon-Sok Chung","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448244.122","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448244.122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"55-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aristides K Maniatis, Michael P Wajnrajch, Marc Thomas, Sung Beom Chung, Jieun Lee
{"title":"Somatrogon in pediatric growth hormone deficiency: a comprehensive review of clinical trials and real-world considerations.","authors":"Aristides K Maniatis, Michael P Wajnrajch, Marc Thomas, Sung Beom Chung, Jieun Lee","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448258.129","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448258.129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth hormone (GH) is crucial for childhood growth and body composition. In pediatric GH deficiency (pGHD), the pituitary gland fails to produce sufficient GH, which affects linear growth in childhood. pGHD is conventionally treated with daily recombinant human GH (rhGH); however, because GH therapy lasts throughout childhood, adherence to daily rhGH treatment can be low, resulting in suboptimal effectiveness. Somatrogon is a long-acting GH analog designed to address the challenges associated with daily GH therapy for pGHD. Somatrogon administered once per week is a potential alternative to daily GH therapy. The use of somatrogon is supported by phase II and III clinical trials demonstrating that once-weekly injections are noninferior to once-daily somatropin injections in terms of efficacy, safety, and tolerability and have the advantage of reduced treatment burden. This review summarizes the clinical trials of somatrogon and discusses the therapeutic profile and effects of treating pGHD with reduced injection frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun Young Joo, Myung Ji Yoo, Ji-Eun Lee, Su Jin Kim
{"title":"Diagnostic challenges of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome: a case of hypothyroidism and developmental delay.","authors":"Eun Young Joo, Myung Ji Yoo, Ji-Eun Lee, Su Jin Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448032.016","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448032.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to commentary on \"Gynecomastia in adolescent males: current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment\".","authors":"Kotb Abbass Metwalley","doi":"10.6065/apem.2550032.016","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2550032.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on \"Somatrogon in pediatric growth hormone deficiency: a comprehensive review of clinical trials and real-world considerations\".","authors":"Yoo-Mi Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2524129edi01","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2524129edi01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung Hwangbo, Eungu Kang, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Young-Jun Rhie, Kee-Hyoung Lee
{"title":"Long-term outcomes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with central precocious puberty.","authors":"Jung Hwangbo, Eungu Kang, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Young-Jun Rhie, Kee-Hyoung Lee","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448038.019","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448038.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment on final height outcomes in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) from the start of treatment to their postmenarche visit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 200 girls with idiopathic CPP who received GnRHa therapy, focusing on auxological and clinical outcomes at treatment initiation, treatment completion, and the last, postmenarche visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean chronological age (CA) at GnRHa treatment initiation was 8.24±0.73 years. The mean duration of GnRHa treatment was 3.12±0.81 years. The average age at menarche was 12.73±0.56 years, occurring a mean of 17.15±5.52 months after completing GnRHa therapy. The predicted adult height (PAH) standard deviation score (SDS) after menarche (0.48±0.99) was significantly greater than before treatment (-1.33±1.46) (P<0.001). Factors including greater bone age advancement (P<0.001), lower height SDS for CA at treatment initiation (P<0.001), and higher midparental height SDS (P=0.001) were positively associated with an increase in PAH SDS at the last visit. However, near-final height and the increase in PAH SDS at the last visit were not significantly different between patients who received early treatment (<8 years) and those who received later treatment (8-9 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GnRHa treatment improved the final height outcomes in all girls with CPP, including those treated between 8 and 9 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric thyroid cancer: key considerations based on the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Management Guidelines.","authors":"Eun Kyung Lee, Young Ah Lee","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448296.148","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448296.148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of T-cell immunity by fatty acid metabolism.","authors":"Jaemin Kim, Yoosun Lee, Yeonseok Chung","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448160.080","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448160.080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty acids play critical roles in maintaining the cellular functions of T cells and regulating T-cell immunity. This review synthesizes current research on the influence of fatty acids on T-cell subsets, including CD8+ T cells, TH1, TH17, Treg (regulatory T cells), and TFH (T follicular helper) cells. Fatty acids impact T cells by modulating signaling pathways, inducing metabolic changes, altering cellular structures, and regulating gene expression epigenetically. These processes affect T-cell activation, differentiation, and function, with implications for diseases such as autoimmune disease and cancer. Based on these insights, fatty acid pathways can potentially be modulated by novel therapeutics, paving the way for novel treatment approaches for immune-mediated disorders and cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 6","pages":"356-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pituitary abnormalities in patients with pediatric growth hormone deficiency in a single tertiary center.","authors":"Hyeon Jun Jung, Jeong Rye Kim, Jeesuk Yu","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448070.035","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448070.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is controversy as to whether brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed on all children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) including those judged to have mild GHD. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of pituitary or intracranial abnormalities in pediatric GHD and to identify risk factors that may predict pituitary or intracranial abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 95 pediatric GHD patients were included. Their medical records and brain magnetic resonance (MR) images were reviewed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abnormal pathogenic MR images were found in 14 patients (14.7%), including 10 (10.5%) with pituitary hypoplasia and 4 (4.2%) with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-I standard deviation score (SDS), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and growth hormone (GH) peak level of GH stimulation test were statistically significantly lower in the group with abnormal brain MRI. The frequency of abnormal MRI was statistically significantly higher in the complete GHD group. IGF-1 SDS showed the highest area under the curve which can predict the presence of brain abnormality with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71.4%, if IGF-1 SDS was less than -1.365. IGF-1, IGFBP3, and GH peak levels also showed good sensitivity of over 80% for predicting brain abnormalities with cutoff values of 70.285 ng/mL, 1,604 ng/mL, and 4.205 ng/mL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sensitivity and specificity of each cutoff value of IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, IGFBP3, and GH peak levels were good and statistically significant in predicting brain MRI abnormalities. However, it was insufficient to predict all brain abnormalities with these variables. Therefore, we would like to recommend performing a brain MRI if a child is diagnosed with GHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"29 6","pages":"365-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}