Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Gender and racial/ethnic disparities in children presenting for short stature evaluation: in-depth analysis at a single center.","authors":"Vickie Wu, Julie Samuels, Terri H Lipman, Claire Dunphy, Gabrielle Paciencia, Cynthia Katz, Robert Rapaport","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448210.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448210.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess disparities in children referred for short stature evaluation and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on referral rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review was conducted on children referred to a pediatric endocrinology center for short stature evaluation between 1/1/2022-12/31/2023. Interventions included an educational lecture and electronic medical record alert. Six month pre- and post-intervention referral rates for short stature from a general pediatrics practice were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 747 children (68% males) with a predominance of non-Hispanic White (NHW) children (64%). Females presented at a younger age (P<0.001), with a lower height (P<0.001), and a greater height deficit (P=0.002) than males. Hispanic children presented with greater height deficits than NHW and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) children (all P<0.05). In those with heights <-2 standard deviations (SD) (n=192), there were no significant gender differences however Hispanic children continued to have greater height deficit than NHW and NHB children (all P<0.02). There was no gender difference in those who underwent growth hormone stimulation testing (GHST); however NHW children comprised the largest racial group. After implementing the interventions in the general pediatrics practice, short stature referral rates improved (15 of 118 referrals [13%] to 25 of 81 referrals [31%]; P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disparities in overall short stature referrals were less evident in the subset of children with heights <-2 SD. There was no significant gender bias in GHST but racial/ethnic disparities remained. Improvement in referring and evaluating females and children from minoritized groups is still crucial as they remain under referred.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mass, muscle bone unit and bone turnover markers in healthy preadolescent Malaysian children.","authors":"Kanimolli Arasu, Winnie Chee Siew Swee, Connie M Weaver","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448232.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448232.116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Normative values of bone mass, bone turnover markers (BTMs) and muscle-bone unit (MBU) among healthy Asian children are needed to enable accurate skeletal assessment. This cross-sectional study characterises the bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), BTMs and MBU of 243 Malaysian preadolescent children aged between 9 to 11 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total body BMD (TBBMD), total body BMC (TBBMC), lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD), lumbar spine BMC (LSBMC) and body composition were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total and regional MBU was calculated by dividing BMC with lean body mass (LBM). Serum BTMs (CTX1, P1NP, BAP, OC) and serum iPTH were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the Asian reference population, 97.5% of the participants had TBBMD Z-scores above -1 SD, 2.5% were at risk for low TBBMD for age (-1.9 to -1.0 SD) and no one had low TBBMD for age (<-2.0 SD). Participants had lower TBBMD than children of the same age from published data of Asian children despite having higher body weights. There were sex-specific differences in the BTMs and regional MBU of the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a population-based dataset on bone mass, BTMs, and MBU of healthy preadolescent Malaysian children which enables accurate skeletal assessment in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence rate and characteristics of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in Vietnam tertiary pediatric center: challenges in early detection.","authors":"Ngoc Can Thi Bich, Son Do Tien, Khanh Nguyen Ngoc, Dien Tran Minh, Bach Le Xuan, Xuan Bui Thi, Huong Bui Thi, Linh Tran Thi Thuy, Hoa Do Thi, Huong Nguyen Thi Thu, Thao Bui Phuong, Dung Vu Chi","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448282.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448282.141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to estimate the incidence and examine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in Vietnamese children at a tertiary referral pediatric hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 64 children newly diagnosed with T1D at the Vietnam National Children Hospital in 2023. Data on the children were analysed, including demographics, family history, symptoms, anthropometric measurements, HbA1c levels, and pancreatic islet autoantibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age at diagnosis was 9.1±3.7 years, with a male predominance (53.1%). The incidence Rate of T1D was 0.77 per 100,000 children in Northern Vietnam. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was present in 57.8% of children at diagnosis, and 75% tested positive for autoantibodies. The Red River Delta reported the highest children with T1D proportion (43.5%), but the incident rate was highest in Hanoi capital (0.91 per 100,000 children).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the considerable diagnostic delays in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a tertiary pediatric centre in Vietnam, with a high prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis. The results highlight the urgent need for an enhanced network of satellite hospitals to enable early diagnosis and treatment for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of self-compassion in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ratanaporn Jerawatana, Benjamin Weinstein, Chorthip N Phattanasri, Sunee Saetung, Taninee Sahakitrungruang, Porntip Tachanivate, Nampeth Saibuathong, Amornrat Hathaidechadusadee, Chollada Deeampai, Jandanee Sakmanarit, Sira Korpaisarn, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Sirimon Reutrakul","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448224.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448224.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetes distress is common in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Kindness to oneself may have positive effects on diabetes distress and glycemic control but the data were limited. This study the effects of a self-compassion intervention, remotely delivered, in adolescents and young adults with T1D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four participants, age 18-30 years, were randomized to receive and completed a self-compassion intervention (n=16) or to a wait-list control group (n=17). The self-compassion group received a six-session (12 hours over 12 weeks) virtual group meetings. After 12-week, the control group was offered the intervention program. Diabetes distress (primary outcome), A1C, diabetes self-efficacy, self-compassion, depressive symptoms, stress, and self-reported sleep quality (secondary outcomes) were collected at baseline, 12- and 24-week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (SD) age was 23.6 (3.6) years, and 22 (64.7%) were female. At 12-week, there was no significant difference in diabetes distress between the two groups, (p=0.876). However, the intervention group had a significant reduction in A1C compared to control group, mean difference (MD) -0.51%, 95% CI (-0.97, -0.04), p=0.035. Other secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. At 24-week, compared to 12-week, the intervention group maintained A1C reduction (7.33 (1.00) vs 7.49 (0.95)%, MD 0.16 95%CI (-0.04, 0.36), p=0.118 , while the wait-list control group had an A1C reduction after receiving the intervention, (8.34 (1.96) vs. 7.76 (1.46)%, MD -0.58%, 95%CI (-0.95, -0.20), p=0.005.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A brief, online self-compassion intervention resulted in significantly improved glycemic control, although did it not reduce diabetes distress, in adolescents and young adults with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and molecular characteristics of simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: insight from a tertiary pediatric center in Vietnam.","authors":"Khanh Ngoc Nguyen, Giang Thi Kim Dang, Ngoc Thi Bich Can, Dien Minh Tran, Thao Phuong Bui, Mai Thi Phuong Nguyen, Huong Thu Pham, Ngoc Diem Ngo, Dung Chi Vu","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448292.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448292.146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (SV-CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by pathogenic variants of the CYP21A2 gene. Children with SV-CAH often experience delayed diagnosis, presenting with pseudo-precocious puberty in males and genital virilization in females. Genotyping is essential for diagnosis, treatment, optimization and phenotype prediction. This study describes the clinical and genetic characteristics of SV-CAH to guide treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From November 2016 to March 2023, 79 children (accounting for 34.3% of 230 CAH cases in the overall children's cohort) from 75 families were classified as SV-CAH due to 21-OHD at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Forty-three children underwent CYP21A2 mutation analysis using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique and complete gene sequencing to detect pathogenic variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at diagnosis was 4.5 years (IQR: 1 day – 22.3 years). There were 38.0% males and 62.0% females. Common symptom was penile enlargement in males (53.3%) and clitoromegaly (87.8%) in females; their height standard deviation (SD) at diagnosis was 1.90 ± 1.79 SD (-2.02 to +5.43) according to WHO; and bone age advancement was 4.65 ± 2.59 years. Genetic analysis identified 21 pathogenic variants and 22 genotypes in 43 children. The most common variant was p.I173N (47.7%); the most common genotype was p.I173N/p.I173N (16.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with SV-CAH are often diagnosed late. Genetic analysis should be prioritized early, especially for children diagnosed through newborn screening programs. Determining the genotype is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies, ensuring personalized management, and avoiding overtreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic spectrum and long-term outcomes of patients with 46,XX disorders of sex development.","authors":"Heeyon Yoon, Dohyung Kim, Ja Hye Kim, Han-Wook Yoo, Jin-Ho Choi","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448122.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448122.061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>46,XX disorders of sex development (DSD) involve atypical genitalia accompanied by a normal female karyotype. This study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients with 46,XX DSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 34 patients with 46,XX DSD who presented with ambiguous genitalia or delayed puberty. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were excluded. Clinical phenotypes and overall outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age at presentation ranged from birth to 40 years (median, 0.6 years), and the follow-up period ranged from 0.3 to 29.7 years (median, 8.8 years). Twenty patients were assigned female (58.8%). Etiologies included disorders of gonadal development (n=22), exogenous androgen exposure during pregnancy (n=5), association with syndromic disorders or genital anomalies (n=2), and unclassified causes (n=5). Ovotestis was the most frequent gonadal pathology (41.7%). Müllerian duct remnants were usually underdeveloped (52.9%) or absent (23.5%). Spontaneous puberty occurred in 17 of the 21 patients of pubertal age, while 9 patients required sex hormone replacement therapy. Gonadal complications were observed in 4 patients (gonadal tumors [n=3], and spontaneous gonadal rupture [n=1]), and gender dysphoria occurred in 1 patient who was assigned male.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study described the wide phenotypic spectrum and pubertal outcome of patients with 46,XX DSD. Long-term multidisciplinary monitoring for pubertal development, fertility, gender identity, and gonadal complications is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia in an infant with 9p deletion syndrome.","authors":"You-Min Kim, Jin-Kyung Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448132.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448132.066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review of telerehabilitation and wearable devices.","authors":"Huma Khan, Kamran Ali, Arshiya Aslam, Deepika Singla, Ifra Aman","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448162.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448162.081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management demands innovative strategies that address its complex nature. Telerehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation, which utilize wearable devices, represent promising avenues in this regard. This narrative review synthesizes the current literature to comprehensively compare these modalities in terms of accessibility, monitoring mechanisms, patient adherence, cost-effectiveness, and social support. Telerehabilitation offers unparalleled convenience, real-time monitoring, and personalized feedback through wearables, thereby fostering greater patient engagement and adherence compared to conventional rehabilitation. However, conventional rehabilitation provides face-to-face interactions, immediate feedback, and a more personalized touch, albeit with logistical challenges and higher costs. This review emphasizes the significance of patient preferences, technological access, and healthcare infrastructure in selecting the appropriate approach. It also calls for further research into long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and the optimal integration of wearable technology in diabetes management programs. Ultimately, both telerehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation demonstrate considerable potential in empowering individuals with T2DM, underlining the imperative for tailored and patient-centric interventions in diabetes care. The review also stresses the significance of integrating patient preferences and their level of comfort with technology when deciding on treatment approaches. It also takes into account the diverse socioeconomic contexts and healthcare infrastructures globally, which can affect the viability and efficacy of both telerehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation. Moreover, the integration of wearable technology in diabetes management programs holds promise for enhancing self-management capabilities and promoting healthier lifestyles. However, it is essential to tackle prospective discrepancies in access to these technologies and ensure fair distribution. Looking forward, ongoing research efforts should focus on justifying long-term outcomes, optimizing cost-effectiveness, and refining implementation strategies to maximize the benefits of both modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-acting growth hormones: innovations in treatment and guidance on patient selection in pediatric growth hormone deficiency.","authors":"Chiara Rodaro, Gianluca Tamaro, Elena Faleschini, Gianluca Tornese","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448202.101","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448202.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-acting growth hormones (LAGHs) represent a significant advancement in the treatment of pediatric GH deficiency, offering an alternative to daily recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. Traditional rhGH treatments, although effective, require daily injections, often leading to poor adherence due to the frequency of dosing, injection pain, and difficulties with storage and travel. In contrast, LAGHs, such as somatrogon, somapacitan, and lonapegsomatropin, are designed for once-weekly administration, improving patient compliance and quality of life. LAGHs have demonstrated non-inferiority to daily rhGHs in phase 3 clinical trials, showing similar efficacy in terms of growth velocity and safety profiles. Despite these advantages, concerns remain regarding the altered pharmacodynamics of LAGHs such as the lack of pulsatile secretion and potential for antibody formation. Although the overall safety of LAGHs has been confirmed, side effects, such as lipoatrophy at the injection site, may occur, especially with PEGylated formulations. Guidelines for prescribing LAGHs are currently evolving. LAGHs are not yet approved for other conditions traditionally treated with rhGHs, such as Turner or Noonan syndrome. Pediatric endocrinologists should carefully consider which patient groups would benefit most from this therapy, particularly individuals at risk of poor adherence to daily injections such as patients undergoing multidrug therapy, patients with needle phobia or behavioral disorders, very young children, adolescents, patients with separated parents, families that travel frequently, or children involved in activities such as scouting. LAGHs present an opportunity to enhance therapeutic outcomes and adherence, but careful patient selection remains critical to maximize their potential benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"106-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myokines and interorgan crosstalk: bridging exercise to health promotion and disease prevention.","authors":"Junseo Ha, Suchan Sung, Hyeonwoo Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448218.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2448218.109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise is known to promote physical health and reduce the risk of various diseases. During exercise, skeletal muscle actively contracts to perform movements and secretes hormone-like molecules termed myokines. The beneficial effects of exercise have been assessed with respect to myokine production, and those of irisin on bone, adipose tissue, and the brain have been well documented. Irisin, through its interactions with the integrin αV family, plays a crucial role in bone maintenance, metabolic regulation, and cognitive function. Building on the established understanding of irisin, this discussion will examine the functions and effects of other myokines as key secretory factors in exercise, emphasizing their broader roles in health promotion and the potential for new therapeutic strategies in disease prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 2","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}