2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)最新文献_第2页

Interactions between materials, environment and contaminant in microswitches 微动开关中材料、环境和污染物之间的相互作用

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355109

M. D. de Boer, V. Brand

{"title":"Interactions between materials, environment and contaminant in microswitches","authors":"M. D. de Boer, V. Brand","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355109","url":null,"abstract":"A significant impediment to implementing micro- and nanoswitch technology is that the small contact areas (10-4 to 102 μm2) and low forces (nano to micronewtons) render the surfaces inherently susceptible to contamination, which increases their contact resistance. In this work, we report on the formation of carbonaceous tribopolymer (TP) in microswitches under controlled environmental conditions in order to characterize its behavior. We clean switches coated by Pt or RuO2 thin films using vacuum bakeouts, and test them in the same chamber in ultra-high purity gases including nitrogen and oxygen. We introduce controlled levels of benzene contaminant from 0.02 to 2500 parts per million to test the immunity of different material/environment combinations to TP buildup. We find that repetitively making and breaking contact and passing electrical current through it produces TP. TP also builds up more quickly in nitrogen rather than nitrogen:oxygen backgrounds both for Pt and RuO2 materials. It appears possible to convert TP into a more conductive form, which we associate using Raman spectroscopy with an increase in its graphitic content.","PeriodicalId":448541,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129049762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surge load experiment design and results analysis of relay 继电器浪涌负荷试验设计及结果分析

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355082

Huimin Liang, Haidan Yu, Guangcheng Ma, Z. Cai, Yujie Tang, Chunqing Zhao

引用次数: 5

Numerical methods for detecting DC arc fault in lithium-ion batteries 锂离子电池直流电弧故障检测的数值方法

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7354952

A. Augeard, T. Singo, P. Desprez, M. Abbaoui

{"title":"Numerical methods for detecting DC arc fault in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"A. Augeard, T. Singo, P. Desprez, M. Abbaoui","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.2015.7354952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.2015.7354952","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, numerical methods to detect series arc fault in lithium-ion batteries are presented. The arc signals which are required for detecting arc fault are obtained using a test bench on which the Current Interrupt Device (CID) opens dynamically by contact release, associated with a 48 V DC battery pack and a resistor which can deliver a maximum of 1000 A. A comparison between the signals with and without arc is done to detect differences that can be used for arc detection. To isolate the arc signature, several methods are used, among them: the spectral analysis of arc signals using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and a periodogram, the linear regression (moving average), the arc signals derivative and the filtering techniques. The spectral analysis shows a rise of the signal amplitude at high frequencies while the derivative method and the linear regression, among other things, show the instant when the arcing event occurs. Detection criteria may be set according to the type of method implemented. All of these methods mentioned above can be used to develop an Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) for lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":448541,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114395505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Modelling of sparking contacts for hazardous area applications 危险区域应用的火花触点建模

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355119

R. Shekhar, Carsten Uber

{"title":"Modelling of sparking contacts for hazardous area applications","authors":"R. Shekhar, Carsten Uber","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355119","url":null,"abstract":"An understanding of transient contact sparks and how they interact with electrical systems is of critical importance to hazardous area applications, where such sparks are at risk of igniting flammable atmospheres. Hazardous area electrical systems are distinguished from more typical applications of spark modelling by their low voltages and currents. This paper applies an empirical, quasi-static modelling approach to such spark discharges. The use of a classical parametrised empirical model is proposed, and justified with a qualitative treatment of the underlying physics. Parameter values for the model are calculated by studying sparks with constant length and constant current respectively, and then combining the observed trends into the proposed model. The model, is then validated against experimental data obtained from sparks with time varying current and length. The relevance of dynamics arising from energy storage in the arc column is also considered, identifying the situations where a quasi-static approach is sufficient. Finally, methods for determining the thermal output of the spark, the ultimate goal of spark modelling in hazardous area applications, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":448541,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123441241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Calculation of the electrical parameters from 3D visualisation data of non-disassembled contact interfaces 根据非拆卸接触界面的三维可视化数据计算电参数

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355078

C. Roussos, J. Swingler

引用次数: 3

Adaption of the ultrasonic welding technique to the process of joining insulated copper wires with standardized tubular cable lugs 将超声波焊接技术应用于绝缘铜线与标准管状电缆耳的连接工艺

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355088

S. Spreng, T. Glassel, J. Franke

{"title":"Adaption of the ultrasonic welding technique to the process of joining insulated copper wires with standardized tubular cable lugs","authors":"S. Spreng, T. Glassel, J. Franke","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355088","url":null,"abstract":"Within the manufacturing of electric drives, the joining of resin insulated copper wires with standardized tubular cable lugs has to be seen as an important manufacturing step, as this process is one major reason for drive malfunctions - especially in case of mobile devices. Currently, the thermo-crimping technique is commonly used, because it combines high process stability with short tact times. However, the thermo-crimping tools show strong wearing within short periods, as the required heat to skin the insulated copper wires has to be supplied from the electrodes themselves. Therefore, the electrode materials have to face simultaneously high pressures and temperatures up to 650°C, resulting in highly frequent setup processes and corresponding costs. For this reason, a new technique to join insulated copper wires with cable lugs, based on the ultrasonic welding procedure, was investigated at the department FAPS. The following paper describes the explored results regarding the technique of ultrasonic welding. Hereby, the new technology is compared with the thermo-crimping process concerning the joint quality, tact time and tool wearing.","PeriodicalId":448541,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129010060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Perfectly elastic axisymmetric sinusoidal surface asperity contact 完全弹性轴对称正弦表面凹凸接触

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355073

S. Saha, Y. Xu, R. Jackson

引用次数: 11

Breaking performance investigation of hybrid DC circuit breakers: An experimental approach 混合直流断路器的分断性能研究:实验方法

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355084

Dirk Bosche, Ernst-Dieter Wilkening, Hendrik Kopf, M. Kurrat

{"title":"Breaking performance investigation of hybrid DC circuit breakers: An experimental approach","authors":"Dirk Bosche, Ernst-Dieter Wilkening, Hendrik Kopf, M. Kurrat","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355084","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a growing number of DC systems exist, based on the development of electrical energy consumption. For low voltage DC grids, switching devices are needed which have to meet technically sophisticated requirements. These devices have to handle fault currents of several hundred amperes and system voltages up to thousand volts. A typical DC circuit breaker has to provide low on state losses, light weight and small volume. On the way toward fulfilling these requirements, hybrid circuit breaker can represent the optimal solution. Hybrid DC circuit breaker combines the advantages of mechanical contacts and semiconductors. In the current work such device has been designed and constructed using a commercial switch and electronic components in the laboratory. The breaking performance of this experimental prototype has been investigated, thus the interruption of nominal and failure currents in case of different time constants can be identified. The investigated hybrid switching device has been optimized in order to maximize the switching capacity and the protection of the semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":448541,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117214235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Particle size determination in electrical arcs with Ag and AgSnO2 electrodes using X-ray scattering 用x射线散射法测定Ag和AgSnO2电极电弧中的粒度

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355075

E. Carvou, J. Le Garrec, Elsa Yee Kin Choi, J. Jouvard, M. Kerkar, J. Mitchell

引用次数: 1

Improvement of the high temperature oxidation resistance and anti-arc erosion of pure Cu with the addition of La and graphite 添加La和石墨提高纯Cu的高温抗氧化性和抗电弧侵蚀性能

2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm) Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355099

Hai-yan Li, Yaping Wang, Xue-qiong Lu, Xuan Zhou

{"title":"Improvement of the high temperature oxidation resistance and anti-arc erosion of pure Cu with the addition of La and graphite","authors":"Hai-yan Li, Yaping Wang, Xue-qiong Lu, Xuan Zhou","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.2015.7355099","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of La and graphite additives on the oxidation resistance and arc erosion behavior of Cu alloys were studied. The pure Cu was completely oxidized to be Cu2O and CuO at 1000° for 1h, whereas the CuLa/C was partially oxidized. The reinforced phase graphite suppressed the formation of continuous copper oxide films. The formation of compact barrier layer of CuLa/C alloy was helpful for preventing the in-diffusion of the oxygen and was very effective in reducing the oxidation rate of the CuLa/C alloy. The resistance of pure copper was lower than that of CuLa/C alloy by EIS analysis. It was due to the electrolyte penetrated into the porous oxide film and decreased the resistance of oxide film of pure copper. Furthermore, The CPE-P of CuLa/C alloy was less than that of the pure copper, indicating the oxide film of CuLa/C alloy is more compact. After 5000 operations, the surface of pure Cu contacts were oxidized and eroded seriously, results in a marked increase in contact resistance and temperature rise. While contact resistance and temperature rise of CuLa/C contacts remained relatively stable. In the presence of an arc, the graphite combined with oxygen in the air or of the CuLa/C contacts, to form carbon oxide and carbon dioxide, emission of which can dissipate arc heat away from the contacts and reduce the surface temperature. Therefore, the addition of La and graphite improve the arc erosion resistance of Cu-based contacts.","PeriodicalId":448541,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 61st Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3