{"title":"Stakeholder Dialogues on recycling engineering thermoplastics: a collaborative effort to build a recycling infrastructure for plastics from electronics","authors":"P. Dillon","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924504","url":null,"abstract":"The Gordon Institute at Tufts University initiated a series of Stakeholder Dialogues on Recycling Engineering Thermoplastics from Used Electronic Equipment in May 1999. The Stakeholder Dialogues bring together the plastics supply chain to develop collaborative industry strategies to advance recycling of plastic resins from used electronic equipment. The Stakeholder Dialogue process has identified major challenges to the successful and sustained recycling of engineering thermoplastics, including cost-effective collection and processing of resins and the development of adequate markets, particularly for mixed resins. Several Task Forces have been established to develop strategies for overcoming these challenges, utilizing the collective expertise of this unique multistakeholder process. This paper discusses the activities of the Task Forces, including the development of a \"scrap\" classification system for reclaimed engineering resins and a model for comparing alternative scenarios for processing resins from electronic products.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127829794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Product ecology at Intel","authors":"T. Brady, N.L. Sumrall, V. Gupta, A. M. Frishman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924526","url":null,"abstract":"Intel corporation, a leading supplier of building block products for the PC and Internet economy, has long focused on environmental improvements in its manufacturing processes and its products. Over the past several years, a renewed environmental emphasis has been place on product ecology issues including energy consumption, material composition, product end of life and product packaging programs. This paper presents Intel's approach to product ecology, its results to date and plans for the future.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131365060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Product recovery using a disassembly line: challenges and solution","authors":"S.M. Gupta, Abdulmecit Gungor","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924499","url":null,"abstract":"Disassembly plays an important role in product recovery by allowing selective separation of desired parts and materials. The disassembly line is the best choice for automated disassembly of returned products, a feature that will be essential in the future. It is, therefore, important that the disassembly line be designed and balanced so that it works as efficiently as possible. In this paper, the authors address the disassembly line balancing problem and the challenges that come with it.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117240043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The development of lead-free printed circuit assembly technology in Hewlett-Packard: our strategy and experience","authors":"G. Henshall, L.W. Lindsley","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924543","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we first describe the technical feasibility of candidate lead-free printed circuit assemblies (PCA) solutions. This discussion focuses on the two major classes of lead-free solders: high temperature, with alloy melting temperatures above that of conventional 63Sn-37Pb, and low temperature, with alloy melting temperatures below that of 63Sn-37Pb. Next, we review HP's goals for producing lead-free products and strategies for meeting these goals. We then present the current status of our investigations, and finally our key technical and business learnings and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122593147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental impact of a telecommunication service","authors":"F. Taiariol, P. Fea, C. Papuzza, A. Ramella","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924539","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to apply the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to a telecommunication (TLC) service. The automatic answering and messages storage service for the fixed network has been chosen as a case study because of its large utilization. Two different systems, providing the same service to the users, have been studied. The environmental impact of the \"centralized answering machine\" system and the \"home answering machine\" have been evaluated and compared. The environmental impacts of the answering and message storing service are mainly generated in the production of the apparatus supplying the service and their use phases. In the use of LCA methodology application to this service, several problems, like the functional unit and the boundary cuts, have to be solved. A TLC system is a multi-services provider, the allocation of the energy, materials and waste to one specific service have to be properly managed. The detailed study of components and material balance was done to perform the LCA. The inventory data was obtained from: a commercial database (where available), specialized literature and data sheet and direct experimental data. The study allows quantification of the decrease in the environmental impact for the centralized solution in order of magnitude. It is also shown that after very few years the usage phase of the service become more important in the environmental impact than the production phase.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"835 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133800839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hirano, K. Fukuda, K. Ito, T. Kiga, Y. Taniguchi
{"title":"Reliability of lead free solder joint by using chip size package","authors":"T. Hirano, K. Fukuda, K. Ito, T. Kiga, Y. Taniguchi","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924541","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few years, many studies have been reported on reliability of lead-free solder joint. Almost all of them have described evaluation of solder alloy composition of printed wiring board surface-finish. What seems to be lacking, however, is the influence of component placing condition to reliability and reliability under several stress conditions. The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of the factor on reliability of the solder joint. We used chip size package as a test piece, which is a more popular semiconductor package, and thermal fatigue test and mechanical fatigue test were carried out. We choose experimental conditions as follow, solder materials (Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi, Sn-Zn-Bi, Sn-Pb), chip size package placing condition (on one side, on both sides), printed wiring board surface finish (organic solderability protector on Cu, Au plating). We got the result that chip size package placing condition, printed wiring board surface finish had more effect on reliability of the lead-free solder joint than solder materials. It is clear that placing condition and printed wiring board surface-finish greatly affects reliability of thermal fatigue and mechanical fatigue, respectively. In conclusion, the influence of the factor on reliability of lead-free solder joint was investigated from several points of view. The work helps us to clarify the influence of the factor on reliability of lead-free solder joint and lead to the guidelines for introduction of lead-free solder.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132295311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ranky, R. Caudill, S.K. Das, A. Bhatia, S. ChamyVelumani
{"title":"A web-enabled virtual disassembly manager (webVDM) for electronic products","authors":"P. Ranky, R. Caudill, S.K. Das, A. Bhatia, S. ChamyVelumani","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924534","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to create object oriented, validated modeling methods and software tools, as well as a system architecture that enables enterprises to analyze and design all critical aspects of their demanufacturing processes over the web, manage their disassembly lines and provide electronic support systems for operators. The generic methodology developed focuses on all critical objects in the above listed disciplines, including their process parameters and their interactions with the relevant networked (web) databases. Furthermore, it integrates various process inputs, acting at different priorities from several different sources, including the web, constraints under which the processes must fire, and resources, that the processes must use in order to be able to produce outputs that represent value. Our method follows an open systems architecture that enables \"third party\" processes to be integrated into, and/or to interact with. By following internationally accepted total quality and environmental standards, important rules learned can be fed back to the product/process design team, as well as to all support systems and personnel, most importantly to the multi-life cycle engineering design, manufacturing/assembly planning and quality teams.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122125153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Monchamp, H. Evans, J. Nardone, S. Wood, E. Proch, T. Wagner
{"title":"Cathode ray tube manufacturing and recycling: analysis of industry survey","authors":"A. Monchamp, H. Evans, J. Nardone, S. Wood, E. Proch, T. Wagner","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924500","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling end-of-life electronics is an important and growing issue facing the electronics industry. Public awareness of the issue is rising, largely because it continues to draw significant media attention and is the subject of increased local, state, federal and international regulation. These developments pose new challenges for the electronics industry and require company, as well as industry-wide, responses. At the same time, these developments provide an opportunity for the industry to inform law makers and the public about the electronics industry's accomplishments and efforts to address issues related to the management of end-of-life electronics. This paper summarizes the findings of a survey conducted by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) that evaluated the current volume of manufacturing and recycling of cathode ray tube (CRT) glass by the United States (US) CRT glass manufacturers. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the survey findings and determine if the CRT glass manufacturing industry has the capacity to absorb an increased volume of recycled glass that may result from efforts at the federal and state level to increase collection of CRTs.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126009876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Brinkley, M. Christie, M. Jacques, J. R. Kirby, T. Mann
{"title":"An IBM methodology for evaluating emerging requirements","authors":"A. Brinkley, M. Christie, M. Jacques, J. R. Kirby, T. Mann","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924503","url":null,"abstract":"The information technology (IT) industry has seen a proliferation of proposed and legislated requirements affecting the environmental characteristics of IT products. In order to better determine the potential impact of these new and proposed requirements, IBM has developed a systematic process to address and document emerging environmental requirements as they relate to IBM(R) product interests. The methodology has been incorporated into IBM's environmental management system under ISO 14001 and is used to help ensure that appropriate focus on specific product design aspects targeted by government initiatives, consumers and special interest groups is applied in IBM's product development and environmental program activities. This paper describes IBM's methodology for evaluating emerging requirements as well as the associated tools used to identify and monitor these requirements.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125919204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy consumption of cellular telephones","authors":"I. Nicolaescu, W. Hoffman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2001.924515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2001.924515","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption is a major contributor to the environmental impact of portable electronics. The power required by electronic devices is usually calculated from engineering data sheets and a use pattern is assumed, in order to evaluate the energy consumed by a device. In an ongoing effort to assess and improve the environmental performance of the authors' products, the energy consumption of a few cellular telephone models was measured and the efficiency of chargers and battery packs was evaluated. A real user profile was simulated in the laboratory and a data acquisition system was used to measure the power required by the system while performing various functions. Although the models tested are new, high efficiency designs, further improvements are still possible. Particularly, higher efficiency of chargers and overall better power management of the system can produce further power savings.","PeriodicalId":448468,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. 2001 IEEE ISEE (Cat. No.01CH37190)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132602919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}