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Experimental Approach for Drying Saffron of Taliouine–Morocco 塔里乌因-摩洛哥藏红花干燥的实验方法
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2015-02-28 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V9I1.5391
H. Mouhanni, A. Bendou, A. Idlimam
{"title":"Experimental Approach for Drying Saffron of Taliouine–Morocco","authors":"H. Mouhanni, A. Bendou, A. Idlimam","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V9I1.5391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V9I1.5391","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron is a spice extracted from the flower of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), after drying its three red stigmas. It has a wide application in the culinary, medicinal and cosmetic. Our work aims to optimize a solar dryer for saffron, by the experimental determination of the characteristic drying curves of saffron irrigated by drip by drip system in Taliouine. The kinetics of drying is studied for three temperatures (35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C). The drying rate is determined empirically from the drying curve. Six mathematical models have been used for the description of the drying curve. The mathematical model of Middili-Kucuk seems most appropriate to describe the saffron drying curve with correlation coefficient r2 of 0.9983 and standard error 0.0061.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132666865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Zinc Concentration on the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of CdS: Zn Nanocrystalline Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition 锌浓度对化学浴法制备CdS: Zn纳米晶结构、形貌及光学性能的影响
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.4857
Nada K. Abbas, Z. J. Shanan, N. Ahmed
{"title":"The Effect of Zinc Concentration on the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of CdS: Zn Nanocrystalline Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition","authors":"Nada K. Abbas, Z. J. Shanan, N. Ahmed","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.4857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.4857","url":null,"abstract":"Undoped Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystalline thin film and doped Zinc are prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The characterization of the product was done by UV-VIS absorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of zinc content on structural, morphological and several optical properties have been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the films were polycrystalline and exhibited two phases cubic and hexagonal structure which increases the cubic phase and Zn ratio. Atomic force microscopy images show uniform, homogeneous and strong adherent to Undoped (CdS) nanocrystalline and doped Zinc over the entire glass substrate surface without any voids, pinholes or cracks. This reveals a continuous granular morphology for the films and therefore the average grain size changes which increase the zinc content and the band gap of the thin films which are found to be direct allowed transition. The optical characterizations of the as deposited and annealed films were carried out using UV. VIS transmittance spectroscopy in the wavelength range 300.1100 nm. The results show that in the visible region the transmittance of the films decreases as the containing of Zn increases. The reverse is the case with the absorbance as it was observed to be increased in the same region. The result also shows that the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant are tending to increase with the increasing of Zn concentration.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"31 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114039333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Similarity Solutions for Heat and Mass Transfer of MHD Flow Over a Permeable Stretching Wedge with Variable Fluid Properties and Heat Generation/Absorption 具有可变流体特性和热产生/吸收的可渗透拉伸楔上的MHD流动传热传质的相似解
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.4879
R. G. Abdel-Rahman, A. S. Elfeshawey
{"title":"Similarity Solutions for Heat and Mass Transfer of MHD Flow Over a Permeable Stretching Wedge with Variable Fluid Properties and Heat Generation/Absorption","authors":"R. G. Abdel-Rahman, A. S. Elfeshawey","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.4879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.4879","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of steady boundary layer flow for Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity over stretching wedge in the presence of magnetic field and heat generation (absorption) is studied. The system of governing partial differential equations with the boundary conditions is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions using Lie group. The reduced ordinary differential equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method algorithm with the shooting technique. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, the temperature and the concentration profiles are discussed. Finally, the numerical values of the physical quantities, such as local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are illustrated graphically.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123893331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Study of the Variability of Physical Properties Effects on the Capacitance of Silicon Solar Cell in the Presence of Excitons 激子存在下硅太阳电池物理性质变化对电容影响的数值研究
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.5062
M. Faye, C. Mbow, B. Ba
{"title":"Numerical Study of the Variability of Physical Properties Effects on the Capacitance of Silicon Solar Cell in the Presence of Excitons","authors":"M. Faye, C. Mbow, B. Ba","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.5062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I6.5062","url":null,"abstract":"The author studies the effects of the variability of physical properties on the capacitance of a silicon solar cell in the presence of excitons. Some physical properties of solar cells that are within the continuity equations are strongly dependent on temperature. The problem amounts to solving the partial differential equations coupled heat, electron transport and exciton. To show the influences of parameters on the capacitance to generalize the study, the author adimensionalized the equations by introducing characteristic sizes. The equations obtained are coupled together and also coupled with the boundary conditions, a digital resolution approach is then imposed. The algebraic systems obtained after spatial discretization (for a scheme of control volume) are determined using the dual scan method. The spatial variation of the capacitance as a function of the coupling coefficient, the number fourier, of the heating factor are given and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133794216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Way to Estimate the Age of the Universe 估算宇宙年龄的新方法
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/irephy.v8i6.5013
A. Khalid, A. Marrakchi
{"title":"A New Way to Estimate the Age of the Universe","authors":"A. Khalid, A. Marrakchi","doi":"10.15866/irephy.v8i6.5013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irephy.v8i6.5013","url":null,"abstract":"A perfect fluid composed of matter, radiation and vacuum filling the universe can explain the accelerating expansion of the universe, and offers a new way to estimate the age of the universe. This model provides us, furthermore, with a parameter of deceleration in agreement with those calculated by means of other methods. Also, solutions to the cosmological horizon and flatness problems are included in the framework of this model.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"19 31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116917034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Shell Correction (- C/Z2 ) of DNA and Liquid Water DNA和液态水的壳修正(- C/Z2)
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.4369
Awfa Zuhair Khudiar, Khalid A. Ahmed, Riayhd K. A. Al-Ani
{"title":"Shell Correction (- C/Z2 ) of DNA and Liquid Water","authors":"Awfa Zuhair Khudiar, Khalid A. Ahmed, Riayhd K. A. Al-Ani","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.4369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.4369","url":null,"abstract":"The energy loss by a swift proton beam in condensed materials is very important for hadron therapy.  Shell corrections are accounted for in a self-consistent manner through analytic dispersion relations for the momentum dependence of the dielectric function. It is shown that widely used dispersion schemes based on the Plasmon phase approximation (PPA) can result in sizeable errors due to the neglect of damping and local field effects that lead to a momentum broadening and shifting of the energy-loss function. The shell correction prevents the stopping number L from being negative at low velocity and corrects the assumption that the ion velocity is much larger than the target electron velocity. This emplies that for high-z 2 materials,shell corrections may be non-negligble even at rather high projectile speed. In the present work  the shell correction of swift proton by using  PPA of the dielectric formalism  of DNA and Liquid water targets has been calculated. Good agreement achieved with previous work.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130964556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural, Dielectric and Complex Impedance Studies of BZT BZT的结构、介电和复杂阻抗研究
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.2746
A. Elbasset, F. Abdi, T. Lamcharfi, S. Sayouri, L. Omari, P. Bourson, A. Salhi, A. Elghandouri
{"title":"Structural, Dielectric and Complex Impedance Studies of BZT","authors":"A. Elbasset, F. Abdi, T. Lamcharfi, S. Sayouri, L. Omari, P. Bourson, A. Salhi, A. Elghandouri","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.2746","url":null,"abstract":"The sintering effect on transition parameters and dielectric characteristics of Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 (BZT-5%) ceramics prepared by the sol-gel reaction technique was studied. With X-ray diffraction we studied the influences of sintering time on grain size and structural parameters. The phase transitions and dielectric properties were investigated by measuring the real part of dielectric constant e’ and the loss factor tanδ as a function of temperature (30 - 200 °C) at long range of frequency (1kHz - 2MHz). Two different conduction mechanisms were obtained by fitting the complex impedance data to Cole-Cole equation. The grain and grain boundary resistivity were found to follow the Arrhenius law associated with activation energies: Ea2 below and above Tm for the bulk conduction; and Ea1 below Tm for the grain boundary conduction. Relaxation times extracted using imaginary part of complex dielectric constant e” (ω) were also found to follow the Arrhenius law and showed an anomaly around the phase transition temperature. This results exhibit that bulk conduction is more important than grain boundary conduction. The frequency dependence of resistance and conductivity was interpreted in terms of the non-Debye relaxation.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115468539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preparation and Study the Effect of Cadmium Substitution on the Electrical and Structural Properties of Bi2Sr2Ca2-xCdxCu3O10+δ Superconductor 镉取代对Bi2Sr2Ca2-xCdxCu3O10+δ超导体电学和结构性能影响的制备及研究
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.3847
K. Jasim, M. A. Thejeel, Adil M. Ibraheim
{"title":"Preparation and Study the Effect of Cadmium Substitution on the Electrical and Structural Properties of Bi2Sr2Ca2-xCdxCu3O10+δ Superconductor","authors":"K. Jasim, M. A. Thejeel, Adil M. Ibraheim","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.3847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.3847","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we studied the effect of Cd doping on the resistivity measurements, capacitance, dielectric constant and x – ray diffraction analysis of Bi2Sr2Ca2-xCdxCu3O10+δ superconductor with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, the samples prepared by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed all our samples are orthogonal structures with the changes in the parameters a, b and c due to increase the Cd concentration. The transition temperature Tc measured by using four – probe technique. It was found that the optimum transition temperature at zero resistivity Tc(offset) is 108 K for Bi2Sr2Ca1.8Cd0.2Cu3O10+δ compound. The dielectric constants (real part, imaginary part and loss factor) were measured as a function of frequency in the range (50 – 5MHz) at room temperature. It was found that the increase in cadmium concentration produces change in the dielectric constants.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"79 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113939608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Study of the Structure of a Microemulsion by Small Angle Neutron Scattering: the Effect of Telechelic Polymer on the Bending Elasticity of the Surfactant Film 用小角中子散射研究微乳液的结构:远旋聚合物对表面活性剂薄膜弯曲弹性的影响
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.3774
K. Elghazrani, M. Filali, A. Azougarh, S. Iraqi, M. Benhamou
{"title":"The Study of the Structure of a Microemulsion by Small Angle Neutron Scattering: the Effect of Telechelic Polymer on the Bending Elasticity of the Surfactant Film","authors":"K. Elghazrani, M. Filali, A. Azougarh, S. Iraqi, M. Benhamou","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.3774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.3774","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-in-water microemulsions of the charged system CPCl in presence of telechelic polymers (polyethylene oxide (PEO) grafted at one extremity with a C 12 H25 chain) have been studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). From these experiments, the elastic properties of the surfactant film can be derived. By adding of telechelic polymers on the droplets, we show that the mean radius Rm decreases whereas the bending elasticity k~ remains approximately constant.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unified Theories of Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields in Riemannian Geometry and Higher Dimension 黎曼几何和高维引力场和电磁场统一理论
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2014-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.4188
Yi-Fang Chang
{"title":"Unified Theories of Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields in Riemannian Geometry and Higher Dimension","authors":"Yi-Fang Chang","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.4188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V8I5.4188","url":null,"abstract":"Some unified theories on the gravitational and electromagnetic fields are researched. We investigate mainly two new geometric unified theories. A method is that the gravitational field and the source-free electromagnetic field can be unified by the equations Rklmi = κTklmi* in the Riemannian geometry, both are contractions of im and ik, respectively. If Rklmi = κTklmi* =constant, it will be equivalent to the Yang’s gravitational equations Rkm;l –Rkl;m = 0, which include Rlm= 0. From Rlm= 0 we can obtain the Lorentz equations of motion, the first system and second source-free system of Maxwell’s field equations. This unification can be included in the gauge theory, and the unified gauge group is SL(2,C) × U(1)=GL(2,C), which is just the same as the gauge group of the Riemannian manifold. Another unified method on the general nonsymmetric metric field with high-dimensional space-time and its matrix representations are analyzed mathematically. Further, the general unified theory of five-dimensional space-time combined quantum theory and four interactions is researched. Some possible unification ways on the gravitational and electromagnetic fields are discussed. The general matrix and various corresponding theories may decompose to a sum of symmetry and antisymmetry. Moreover, we proposed an imaginative representation on the ten dimensional space-time.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120823774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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