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Deployment of a High-Latitude Dynamic E-Field Pico-Satellite Sensor Constellation 高纬度动态电场微卫星传感器星座的部署
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21468
S. Whitmore, B. Bingham, Q. Young
{"title":"Deployment of a High-Latitude Dynamic E-Field Pico-Satellite Sensor Constellation","authors":"S. Whitmore, B. Bingham, Q. Young","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21468","url":null,"abstract":"A consortium of organizations has proposed an experiment to map Earth’s high-latitude electric field. The High-latitude Dynamic E-Field (HiDEF) Explorer will observe poorly understood magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere phenomena. Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory is responsible for systems engineering and mission planning for achieving science objectives. A constellation of 90 pico-satellites is deployed at high latitudes over a range of inclinations and altitudes increments that evolve from a densely-packed cluster to a fully global high-latitude coverage over a period of approximately 18 months. Planned constellation “fold-out” allows measurements of high latitude electric fields over wide spatial and temporal scales. Launch and deployment analysis including operational constraints, constellation foldout, and orbit lifetime predictions are described. The deployment analysis recommends a lowest-risk option using Orbital Sciences Corporation Pegasus XL launch vehicle with the Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System (HAPS) system as an upper stage. Pegasus deploys the payload into an initial orbit, and the HAPS delivers the constellation elements to desired initial orbits using a series of 10 burns including an initial trim burn, on-orbit maneuvers, and de-orbit. The paper concludes that using the Pegasus/HAPS option, the required orbits can be achieved with reasonable weight-growth margins but little DV margin.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130257230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic Behavior of an Iron Particle in (Iron-Air) Dust Suspension Crossing the Flame Zones of Combustion (铁-空气)粉尘悬浮中铁颗粒穿越燃烧火焰区的动力学行为
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21467
M. Bidabadi, R. Khalilinezhad, N. Moallemi
{"title":"Dynamic Behavior of an Iron Particle in (Iron-Air) Dust Suspension Crossing the Flame Zones of Combustion","authors":"M. Bidabadi, R. Khalilinezhad, N. Moallemi","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21467","url":null,"abstract":"At present article we work on physics and dynamics of iron particles in combustion chamber crossing the flame zones of (iron- air) suspension. In this article we focus on an iron dust free body diagram and forces on it. Gravity forces, drag force from gas and thermopherotic force are these forces on an iron particle. By existing of these forces on a particle, acceleration will be inducted to a particle in flame zones and by solving the differential equation of dynamic equation for a particle with continues boundary condition in velocity curve of dusts in dust- air suspension we can estimate the velocity profile across the flame zones. Theoretical estimation of velocity profile in this study has been compared to an experimental study on velocity and concentration profile of iron particles across the flame propagating through the particles cloud.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130829890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Effective Parameters on Magnetizer Using Finite Element Method 基于有限元法的磁化器有效参数分析
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21470
H. F. Farahani, S. Razi
{"title":"Analysis of Effective Parameters on Magnetizer Using Finite Element Method","authors":"H. F. Farahani, S. Razi","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V14I2.21470","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent magnets due to their high energy production are widely used in a variety of electromagnetic devices. Such devices can be found in marine, aerospace, and robotic applications which require the minimization of weight and volume of the electro- magnetic devices. The coercively of some permanent magnets are high so the magnetizer is used for high magnetic field generation. Different parameters such as core shape, core material, turn number, cross section of the air gap, magnet type, etc have been known to affect the magnetizer operation. The amplitude and waveform of fixture current is obtained from PSPICE simulations and also experimental measurement. A 2D finite element analysis is developed to simulate magnetic fields and mechanical forces. The main parameters affecting optimal design of the magnetizer are discussed. Simulation results show that the core structure, air gap width, and turn numbers are the most important parameters when designing such a device.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132394319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environment for Single Photon Counting X-Ray Imaging System Design 单光子计数x射线成像系统设计环境
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V12I2.17203
Sang Don Kim, Seung Eun Lee
{"title":"Environment for Single Photon Counting X-Ray Imaging System Design","authors":"Sang Don Kim, Seung Eun Lee","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V12I2.17203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V12I2.17203","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce an environment for multi-energy X-ray imaging system design. The environment has an emulator for pixel sensor, followed by data-acquisition and pre-processing unit. The proposed environment provides the way to verify the functionality of the image reconstruction without X-ray pixel sensor, which is under development.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrosynthesis of Bromothiophene and Thiophene as Conducting Copolymer and Study of their Electrochemical Relaxation 溴噻吩和噻吩导电共聚物的电合成及其电化学弛豫研究
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V12I1.15796
A. E. Maghraby
{"title":"Electrosynthesis of Bromothiophene and Thiophene as Conducting Copolymer and Study of their Electrochemical Relaxation","authors":"A. E. Maghraby","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V12I1.15796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V12I1.15796","url":null,"abstract":"The electrosynthesis of the copolymer of 3-bromothiophene and thiophene has been investigated using galvanostatic and potentiodynamic techniques. The most stable films were obtained using the galvanostatic technique in nitrobenzen solvent and TBAPF6 as supporting electrolyte. A comparison study was performed for the prepared copolymer and homopolymer films that were subjected to relaxation studies using the cyclic voltammetric technique in different solvents. The effect of solvent, monomer concentration ratio, electrocopolymerization techniques and temperature on the relaxation time were investigated.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121772319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production: Perspectives and Challenges 木质纤维素生物乙醇生产:前景和挑战
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2017-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V11I6.14722
B. Sarrouh, Rafael Rodrigues Philippini, S. S. Silva
{"title":"Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production: Perspectives and Challenges","authors":"B. Sarrouh, Rafael Rodrigues Philippini, S. S. Silva","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V11I6.14722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V11I6.14722","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuels produced from different lignocellulosic materials have the potential to be a valuable substitute for gasoline. Many physicochemical structural and compositional factors hinder the hydrolysis of cellulose present in biomass to sugars and other organic compounds that can later be converted to fuels. Different pretreatment techniques can change the physical and chemical structure of the lignocellulosic biomass and improve their hydrolysis rates. Many methods have been shown to result in high sugar yields, above 90% of the theoretical yield. Advances in pretreatment and biological-processing steps clearly provide the greatest opportunity to reduce bioethanol costs, and much more emphasis is needed in these areas. For pretreatment, improved process configurations are needed that reduce chemical costs for hemicellulose hydrolysis and subsequent conditioning for biological processing. In addition, energy requirements for biomass milling and heating must be reduced, and less corrosive environments are desired to reduce the cost of vessels.  Future biotechnology-based developments in processing technology will likely include: Improved cellulase and hemicellulase production economics via microbe or plant-based production systems; improved fermentation strains that efficiently utilize both hemicellulose and cellulosic sugars; consolidated bioprocessing microbes which combine the ability to break down cellulosic materials with the ability to efficiently ferment sugars to ethanol.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pressure Loss in Pipe Bends of Large Curvature at High Re 大曲率弯道在高Re下的压力损失
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2017-12-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V11I6.14721
M. Pepple, J. Curtis, C. Yurteri
{"title":"Pressure Loss in Pipe Bends of Large Curvature at High Re","authors":"M. Pepple, J. Curtis, C. Yurteri","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V11I6.14721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V11I6.14721","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates pressure loss in pipe bends at a novel combination of conditions - large pipe curvature and high Re.  Detailed measurements of pressure drop, including measurements on the inside and outside of the pipe bend, are made over a range of high Reynolds numbers (> 3 x 105).  Under these conditions, upstream effects are much more pronounced than in previous investigations, and correlations for pressure drop in pipe bends significantly underpredict the measured pressure loss. The effect of two downstream exit configurations is also studied. The downstream exit configuration does not influence the pressure drop behavior upstream of the pipe bend, but leads to significant variations throughout the pipe bend. In all cases, wall friction is the dominant factor contributing to pressure loss in the bend.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115610279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Determination of the Mechanism of Droplets Post-impact Atomisation in Water Sprays at Temperatures Bellow the Critical Nukiyama and Leidenfrost Values 在低于Nukiyama和Leidenfrost临界值的温度下，水喷雾中液滴撞击后雾化机理的测定
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V11I5.14261
V. Stamatov, L. Stamatova
{"title":"Determination of the Mechanism of Droplets Post-impact Atomisation in Water Sprays at Temperatures Bellow the Critical Nukiyama and Leidenfrost Values","authors":"V. Stamatov, L. Stamatova","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V11I5.14261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V11I5.14261","url":null,"abstract":"Several non-intrusive laser diagnostic techniques (PIV, Marker Nephelometry and PLIF) were applied to study spray impact morphology: droplets velocity and size prior and after the impact, the number of droplets in the impact and post-impact zones, and the presence of vorticity fields in the impact area, at a temperature lower than the critical Nukiyama and Leidenfrost temperatures. The experimental results suggest that the process of droplet post-impact atomisation follows a hydrodynamic mechanism in which the first droplets that hit the wall form a liquid film. Later, the film breaks up because of the impact of the next incident dropletsm.  As a result, a small number of relatively large post-impact droplets of low velocity is formed and pushed away from the zone of impact.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"32 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132359750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combustion of Coal Volatiles in the Freeboard of a Fluidized Bed Combustor: an Experimental Approach 煤挥发物在流化床燃烧器干舷燃烧的实验研究
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V11I5.14260
R. Bautista-Margulis, J. Hernandez-barajas, R. Saucedo-Terán
{"title":"Combustion of Coal Volatiles in the Freeboard of a Fluidized Bed Combustor: an Experimental Approach","authors":"R. Bautista-Margulis, J. Hernandez-barajas, R. Saucedo-Terán","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V11I5.14260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V11I5.14260","url":null,"abstract":"Previous attempts to determine the amount of volatile material transferred into and burnt in the freeboard region (FBR) of fluidized bed coal combustors have been few and/or ambiguous. A major reason for this is the difficulty of separating the two combustion processes (volatiles and char) occurring simultaneously within both bed and freeboard sections, and because the instrumentation for measuring these separate phenomena directly is non-existent. Therefore, a calorimetric technique is reported here to produce quantitative information on the fraction of heat released by the volatile component in the FBR. The calorimetric experiments revealed that over one third of the original volatiles may be released and burnt above the bed at low excess air levels ( 850°C) and high excess air levels (up to 40 %). The transfer of coal volatiles in the FBR was found to be influenced by the in-bed operating and fluidizing conditions in the following order: bed temperature (Tb), excess air (XSA), fluidizing velocity (Uo) and coal particle size (dc).","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116424658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soliton Model of the Universe 宇宙的孤子模型
International Review of Physics Pub Date : 2017-08-31 DOI: 10.15866/IREPHY.V11I4.12714
S. Lebedev
{"title":"Soliton Model of the Universe","authors":"S. Lebedev","doi":"10.15866/IREPHY.V11I4.12714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREPHY.V11I4.12714","url":null,"abstract":"Solitons are the objects which on the one hand combine in themselves the properties of particles and waves and on the other hand obeying the Lorentz invariance. These features make the soliton look like the elementary particles. It is possible to imagine the Universe to be made of solitons. This paper presents some possible features of such soliton Universe. In particular some attention has been paid to following issues: the model of expanding Universe, the energy conservation law, the time arrow, the dark energy, the structure of vacuum, the Universe inside the black hole.","PeriodicalId":448231,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116234920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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