Canadian Journal of Women and the Law最新文献

{"title":"Adrian Howe and Daniela Alaattinoğlu, eds, Contesting Femicide: Feminism and the Power of Law Revisited","authors":"S. Atuk","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"221-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elya M Durisin, Emily van der Meulen et Chris Bruckert, dir, Red Light Labour: Sex Work Regulation, Agency, and Resistance","authors":"Rémy-Paulin Twahirwa","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"225-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47021210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanie Randall, Jennifer Koshan, and Patricia Nyaundi, eds, The Right to Say No: Marital Rape and Law Reform in Canada, Ghana, Kenya and Malawi","authors":"Elizabeth A. Sheehy","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Much Is That Gamete in the Window? Embryos, Policy, and the Law","authors":"R. Johnstone","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Malgré une règlementation développée, soit la Loi de 2014 sur la procréation assistée ( LPA) et son règlement d’application de 2007 fondé sur le consentement, le désaccord persiste sur le cadre approprié pour résoudre les différends relatifs aux embryons et aux gamètes au Canada. Le paysage juridique est dominé par des cadres basés sur la propriété et le consentement, qui sont souvent considérés comme contradictoires. Dans le présent article, je soutiens que la catégorisation des embryons et des gamètes en tant que propriété, comme dans une récente affaire judiciaire ontarienne qui a fait jurisprudence, SH c DH (2018), n’empêche pas l’utilisation d’un cadre fondé sur le consentement, et ne mènera pas nécessairement non plus à la commercialisation du matériel de reproduction. Cela dit, je préconise l’adoption d’un cadre juridique basé sur le consentement, comme celui qui est établi dans la LPA pour gérer l’utilisation du matériel de reproduction au Canada. Je soutiens que le cadre fondé sur le droit de propriété a conduit à une commercialisation inadmissible du matériel de reproduction dans d’autres pays et que cette catégorisation risque de limiter l’autonomie de reproduction et de perpétuer l’inégalité.Abstract:Despite extensive regulation, in the form of the 2004 Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA) and its 2007 consent-based regulations, disagreements persist about the appropriate framework to resolve disputes over embryos and gametes in Canada. The legal landscape is dominated by property- and consent-based frameworks, which are often seen as conflicting. In this article, I argue that the categorization of embryos and gametes as property, as in a recent, precedent-setting Ontario court case, SH v DH (2018), does not preclude the use of a consent-based framework, and neither will it necessarily lead to the commercialization of reproductive material. That said, I advocate for a consent-based framework, like that laid out in the AHRA, to guide the use of reproductive materials in Canada. I do so both because there is evidence that a property framework has led to objectionable commercialization of reproductive materials in other countries and because this categorization risks limiting reproductive autonomy and perpetuating inequality.","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"140 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feminist Judgments on the UK Supreme Court","authors":"R. Hunter, E. Rackley","doi":"10.3138/CJWL.32.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/CJWL.32.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Partant de deux des postulats de projets de rédaction de jugements féministes — à savoir que les jugements féministes sont relativement rares dans le « monde réel » et qu’ils offrent une contribution précieuse à la jurisprudence et à la qualité de la justice — les auteures analysent la rédaction de jugements féministes à la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni. Se fondant sur une base de données de plus de 570 décisions, elles se demandent qui rédige les jugements féministes à la Cour suprême du R.-U., de quelle sorte de jugements féministes il s’agit, et ce que ces décisions ajoutent à la jurisprudence de la Cour et à la qualité de la justice qu’elle rend. Elles constatent que, parmi les juges employant un raisonnement féministe, Lady Hale était de loin la plus active, mais qu’elle n’était pas la seule puisque Lord Kerr et Lord Wilson ont aussi rédigé plusieurs jugements féministes. Différents types de raisonnements féministes sont mobilisés dans ces jugements qui constituent généralement de meilleures décisions, bien que leur incidence ait souvent été plus discursive que substantive. L’article se termine par une analyse des conséquences de ces conclusions sur le débat féministe, pour la Cour suprême du R.-U. et les justiciables qui comparaissent devant elle.Abstract:Prompted by two of the premises of feminist judgment-writing projects—that feminist judgments are relatively rare in the “real world” and that they make a valuable contri bution to jurisprudence and to the quality of justice—this article explores feminist judgment writing on the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Drawing on a database of over 570 cases, the article investigates who writes feminist judgments on the UK Supreme Court, what kind of feminist judgments they write, and what the feminist judgments add to the court’s jurisprudence and the quality of justice it dispenses. It finds that, among judges employing feminist reasoning, Lady Hale was by far the most active, but she was not alone, with Lords Kerr and Wilson also writing several feminist judgments. A range of different types of feminist reasoning was deployed, and feminist judgments generally did constitute better judging, although their impact tended to be more discursive than substantive. The article concludes by considering the implications of these findings for both feminist debates and for the UK Supreme Court and the litigants appearing before it.","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"113 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Sexual Harassment and the “Unwelcome” Requirement: An Analysis of BC Human Rights Tribunal Decisions from 2010 to 2016","authors":"B. Hastie","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Dans la foulée du mouvement #moiaussi et d’un certain nombre de cas très médiatisés au Canada, il était possible de penser que les tribunaux reçoivent de plus en plus de plaintes de harcèlement sexuel au travail. Pourtant, il existe actuellement peu d’analyses des lois relatives au harcèlement sexuel au Canada. L’auteure du présent article offre ici sa contribution en analysant des décisions du Tribunal des droits de la personne de la Colombie-Britannique de 2010 à 2016. Elle y analyse les tendances dans l’évaluation de la crédibilité et de la nature des plaintes de harcèlement sexuel et démontre que le fait que la plaignante doive prouver que la conduite en question était « importune » dirige de façon inappropriée le centre de l’enquête juridique vers son propre comportement. En s’appuyant sur des questions bien documentées concernant les mythes et les stéréotypes genrés dans le contexte de l’agression sexuelle, cet article démontre que l’exigence de prouver que la conduite était « importune » introduit des problèmes semblables dans les plaintes de harcèlement sexuel.Abstract:Legal complaints concerning workplace sexual harassment are anticipated to increase, following in the wake of the #MeToo movement and a number of high-profile cases in Canada. Yet little contemporary research has analyzed sexual harassment laws in Canada. This article contributes to further research on sexual harassment laws through a case analysis of BC Human Rights Tribunal decisions from 2010 to 2016. This article analyzes trends in assessing credibility and character in sexual harassment complaints and establishes that the requirement that a complainant prove that the conduct in question was “ unwelcome” improperly shifts the focus of the legal inquiry towards her own behaviour. Drawing on well-documented issues concerning gendered myths and stereotypes in the sexual assault context, this article demonstrates that similar problems are introduced in sexual harassment complaints through the “unwelcome” requirement.","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"61 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43886912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Gladue Needs an Intersectional Lens: The Silencing of Sex in Indigenous Women’s Sentencing Decisions","authors":"C. Baigent","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Le présent article examine comment les juges chargés de déterminer les peines tiennent compte des inégalités croisées que subissent les femmes autochtones touchées par l’analyse de l’arrêt Gladue. En passant en revue toutes les décisions pertinentes sur une période de deux ans (2017–18), l’auteure suggère que les juges qui appliquent l’arrêt Gladue pour déterminer les peines ne contextualisent pas adéquatement les circonstances spécifiques aux femmes autochtones à l’intersection du sexe et de l’indigénéité. L’auteure pointe du doigt la réduction au silence du genre dans la décision fondamentale de R c Gladue et recommande une nouvelle approche — une lentille intersectionnelle — qui tient compte spécifiquement des expériences vécues par une femme autochtone en particulier en matière d’inégalités intersectionnelles lors de l’évaluation de (1) sa culpabilité morale pour une infraction et (2) des sanctions appropriées dans sa situation particulière.Abstract:This article explores the degree to which sentencing judges consider intersecting inequalities facing Indigenous women within the Gladue analysis by reviewing all sentencing decisions for Indigenous women across Canada over a two-year period (2017–18). This study suggests that sentencing judges applying Gladue are inadequately contextualizing the unique circumstances of Indigenous women at the intersection of sex and Indigeneity, tracing this problem back to the silencing of sex in the seminal decision of R v Gladue. The article recommends a revised approach—an intersectional lens—which specifically accounts for a particular Indigenous woman’s lived experiences of intersecting inequalities when assessing: (1) her moral blameworthiness for an offence and (2) the sanctions that are appropriate in her specific circumstances.","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48053136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“You Start to Feel Like You’re Losing Your Mind”: An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis of Federal Correctional Segregation Policy and Practice","authors":"H. Prevost, J. Kilty","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Le nombre de femmes, particulièrement de femmes autochtones, incarcérées dans les pénitenciers fédéraux canadiens et dans des unités d’isolement a augmenté régulièrement au cours de la dernière décennie. Le présent article propose une analyse des politiques fondées sur l’intersectionnalité et utilise l’étude de cas d’une femme autochtone pour examiner comment les femmes purgeant une peine fédérale vivent l’isolement et les problèmes d’inégalité qui sont illustrés par leur surreprésentation dans cette forme de détention des plus austères. Nous explorons les façons genrées et racialisées dont le Service correctionnel du Canada (SCC) interprète les comportements, les attitudes et même les personnalités des femmes qui sont placées en isolement. En examinant les politiques en matière de santé mentale, de genre et de culture dans le contexte de la gestion du risque et des besoins, nous concluons que le SCC ne protège pas les femmes marginalisées, mais convertit plutôt leurs besoins en risques à gérer. Nous proposons aussi d’autres réponses et solutions stratégiques visant à produire les changements sociaux et structuraux qui sont nécessaires pour réduire le caractère injuste des politiques et des pratiques correctionnelles.Abstract:The number of women, especially Indigenous women, that are incarcerated in Canadian federal penitentiaries and segregation units has steadily increased over the last decade. This article provides an intersectionality-based policy analysis and uses a case study of one Indigenous woman to examine how federally sentenced women experience segregation and the issues of inequality that are exemplified by their over-representation in this most austere form of holding. We explore the gendered and racialized ways in which the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) interprets the behaviours, attitudes, and even personalities of the women they place in segregation. By examining mental health, gender, and culturally responsive policy within the context of risk/need management, we conclude that the CSC does not protect marginalized women via policy but, rather, converts the needs of marginalized groups into risks to be managed. We also identify alternative policy responses and solutions aimed at producing the social and structural changes that are necessary to reduce socially unjust correctional policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"162 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44440891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Veiling and the Charter of Québec Values: “Native Testimonials,” Erasure, and Violence against Montreal’s Muslim Women","authors":"R. Jahangeer","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Depuis plus d’une décennie au Québec, des débats gouvernementaux ont cours concernant la règlementation du port de « signes ou symboles religieux », notamment les hijabs, niqabs, kippas, turbans et grands crucifix. En tenant compte de l’islamo phobie genrée, j’analyse le processus antivoile, qui se sert des appareils d’État, comme les politiques, le débat public ou la loi, pour régir les pratiques relatives au voile islamique. À la lumière de cette approche, j’examine les rencontres entre des féministes aux diverses positions dans le contexte du débat sur la Charte des valeurs québécoises (projet de loi 60) et j’analyse comment ces actions ont reproduit ou légitimé des formes précises de subjectivation. Je mets également au premier plan les entrevues que j’ai réalisées avec des femmes musulmanes à titre individuel et en tant que militantes entre 2013 et 2014. Je soutiens que le processus antivoile produit des conséquences négatives pour les musulmanes en privilégiant la «voix autochtone» des musulmanes « de l’intérieur » tout en effaçant la complexité des identités des femmes musulmanes et en minimisant la violence qui se manifeste dans les débats publics entourant les « signes ou symboles religieux ».Abstract:Government debates around whether to enact laws regulating the wearing of “religious signs/symbols,” including hijabs, niqabs, kippas, turbans, and large crucifixes, have been ongoing in Québec for over a decade. Related to gendered Islamophobia, I theorize anti-veiling, a process that uses state apparatuses, such as policy, public debate, or law, to govern the veiling practices of Muslim women. I use this approach to examine the encounters between differently positioned feminists in the context of the debate over the Charter of Québec Values (Bill 60) and analyze how these actions have reproduced or legitimated specific forms of subjectification. I also foreground interviews I conducted with Muslim women, both individuals and activists, between 2013 and 2014. I argue that anti-veiling produces negative consequences for Muslim women by privileging the “native testimonials” of “insider” Muslims while erasing the complexity of Muslim women’s identities and minimizing the violence that occurs during public debates around “religious signs/symbols.”","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"114 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46206461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicitly Feminist?: The Supreme Court of Canada’s Decision in R v Jarvis","authors":"Jane Bailey","doi":"10.3138/cjwl.32.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.32.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Dans l’arrêt R c Jarvis, la Cour suprême du Canada (CSC) a interprété pour la première fois la disposition du Code criminel sur le voyeurisme. Le présent article examine la jurisprudence pertinente en matière de voyeurisme qui a précédé l’arrêt Jarvis, y compris trois questions litigieuses qui ont façonné les interprétations judiciaires antérieures : la pertinence de la jurisprudence relative à l’article 8 de la Charte, la perspective de la vie privée en public et l’applicabilité de l’analyse du risque. Bien que les motifs de la CSC ne reconnaissent pas explicitement les questions d’égalité en jeu, son traitement de ces trois questions reflète sans doute trois volets de la théorie et de la jurisprudence féministes qui favorisent l’égalité. Cet article explore ce chevauchement, suggérant que les motifs de la CSC dans l’arrêt Jarvis peuvent être compris comme étant implicitement féministes. Reconnaissant que des motifs explicitement féministes auraient un plus grand potentiel de reconnaissance de l’égalité, l’auteure affirme que les motifs de la CSC représentent une étape positive vers une conception du droit à la vie privée en ce sens.Abstract:In R v Jarvis, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) interpreted the Criminal Code voyeurism provision for the first time. This article explores the relevant voyeurism jurisprudence preceding Jarvis including three contentious issues that shaped prior judicial interpretation of the provision: the relevance of section 8 Charter jurisprudence, the prospect of privacy in public, and the applicability of risk analysis. Although the SCC’s reasons do not explicitly recognize the equality issues at stake, their handling of these three issues arguably mirrors three equality-enhancing strands from feminist theory and jurisprudence. This article explores this overlap, suggesting that the SCC’s reasons in Jarvis can be understood as implicitly feminist. Acknowledging that explicitly feminist reasons would have greater equality-affirming potential in the future, it asserts that the SCC’s reasons represent a positive step towards an equality-enhancing conception of privacy rights.","PeriodicalId":44818,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"196 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}