Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

{"title":"Patient Safety Culture, Missed Nursing Care, and Adverse Events in University Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kuswantoro R Putra, Alfrina Hany, Evi Ningrum, Eko Arisetijono, Mohamad Taji, Ratih Vatmasari","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_210_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_210_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient safety culture, which reflects fundamental assumptions and actions related to patient safety, remains unchanged after accreditation. Missed nursing care is prevalent in university hospitals and affects the occurrence of adverse events. This study aims to determine the effect of patient safety culture on missed nursing care and adverse events as perceived by nurses at university hospitals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey at six university hospitals in Indonesia from September to November 2021. The survey included the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), the missed nursing care instrument by the international RN4Cast consortium, and the adverse event instrument by the International Hospital Outcomes Research Consortium. A total of 330 nurses completed the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 330 nurses participated in this study, resulting in an 89% response rate. The findings show a significant correlation between safety culture and missed nursing care (r = 0.153; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and between safety culture and adverse events (r = 0.001 <i>p</i> < 0.001). The positive coefficient value indicates that a better safety culture was associated with reduced missed nursing care. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between missed nursing care and adverse events (r = 0.146, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating that a higher incidence of missed nursing care leads to more adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that modification on patient safety culture correlates with changes in missed nursing care and adverse events as quality of nursing services.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"349-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Patient Satisfaction with the Nursing Care Quality in Medical and Surgical Wards between Developed and Developing Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ali Obaidi, Azam Rahmani, Yousef Khader, Reza Negarandeh","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_38_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_38_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient Satisfaction (PS) is a key indicator of health-care service quality. This review compared PS in medical and surgical wards among developed and developing countries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This systematic review of cross-sectional studies was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Related articles were identified through a search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a combination of relevant terms from January 2000 to December 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of related studies. Narrative synthesis was used for the extracted data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 7656 records retrieved, 61 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies used three reporting schemes for PS: the overall status of PS, the percentage of satisfied patients, and the mean and standard deviation of PS scores. The overall status of PS was higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. In developing countries, 59.25% of studies reported high levels of satisfaction, while in developed countries, all seven studies reported high levels. The percentage of satisfied patients varied, with a higher percentage in developed countries. In developing countries, nine studies reported over 75% satisfaction, 12 studies reported 50%-75% satisfaction, and three studies reported less than 50% satisfaction. In contrast, developed countries had one study reporting over 75% satisfaction and one study reporting 35%-61% satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low PS in developing countries necessitates better nursing care. A global standard for assessing PS is needed for improved health-care service quality monitoring worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept Analysis of Family Participation in Hospitalized Patient Care: Using Hybrid Models.","authors":"Maryam Ahmadi, Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_76_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_76_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family participation in patient care is critical for delivering quality care, and many interventions in the healthcare system have been dedicated to improving this complex process. There is no agreement about what this participation means and how it should be conducted. The current study aims to clarify the concept of family participation in hospitalized patient care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study used a hybrid model and a three-step concept analysis. In the theoretical phase, credential databases were searched to retrieve studies published from 1990 to 2022. In the fieldwork phase, semistructured interviews were conducted with six patients, six family members, and five healthcare workers. In the last phase, data from these steps were analyzed using conventional content analysis based on the Graneheim and Lundman approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the final analysis, 'family participation in hospitalized patient care' is a centric-process multidimensional phenomenon that includes involvement in comprehensive patient care and healthcare decision-making. This partnership is based on \"interactions\", \"information exchange\", \"collaboration between families and healthcare teams\", and \"support from the healthcare system\". If it is implemented in a planned and coordinated manner, family participation can lead to positive consequences for the healthcare system and favorable outcomes for hospitalized patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights into the concept of family participation as well as its features and factors affecting its correct implementation. Healthcare providers need to boost their knowledge regarding this type of care and improve clinical practice in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing Ethical Care for Children with Cancer: Nurses' Perspectives.","authors":"Reza Saidi, Haydeh Heidari","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_217_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_217_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosing a child with cancer is one of the most intense and challenging experiences that a family can face. Caring for children with cancer is one of the most challenging areas of the nursing profession, technically and emotionally, and nurses face various ethical issues in this regard. This study aims to explore nurses' perceptions of providing ethical care for children with cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study applied a qualitative design and a purposive sampling method. Participants included 21 nurses with experience in caring for children with cancer. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis revealed three categories and seven subcategories. First, barriers to providing ethical care (subcategories: parents making decisions instead of the child, cultural misinterpretations, and reference to fortune-tellers). Second, facilitators of providing ethical care (subcategories: family hopefulness and parents' religious background). Third, approaches for providing ethical care (subcategories: the necessity of conducting research in the field of cultural backgrounds and the establishment of ethical-religious committees).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents some significant barriers, facilitators, and approaches to providing ethical care for children with cancer. These results are based on nurses' experiences and perceptions. All healthcare professionals can use our results to provide high-quality and ethical care for children with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"356-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Toxic Leaders in Shaping the Healthcare Providers' Engagement.","authors":"Mohamed G Elsehrawy, Mariam A M Almutairi, Ateya Megahed Ibrahim, Sameer H Hafez","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_306_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_306_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The work of employees and the business is significantly impacted by leaders who exhibit toxic habits. This study investigated the relationship between healthcare providers' engagement in healthcare organizations and toxic leadership behaviours.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive correlational study design was employed in ten hospitals. Three hundred fifty-five healthcare professionals made up the study sample, which was selected using a convenient sampling technique. The two instruments used to gather data were the work engagement questionnaire and the toxic leadership scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physicians have the highest mean score regarding toxic leaders' behaviours (92.44). In contrast, pharmacists have the lowest mean score for toxic leader's behaviours (73.51). Pharmacists have the highest mean score regarding employee engagement (145.10), while physicians have the lowest score (122.80). A significant negative correlation exists between toxic leaders' behaviours and employee engagement within the only nursing staff (<i>r</i> = 0.683, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The actions of toxic leaders negatively correlate with staff members' level of engagement. There is a statistically significant difference between healthcare providers regarding all dimensions of employee engagement and toxic leadership behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"379-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independence in Daily Activities and Living with Family: Predictors of Gratitude in Elderly with Disability in Indonesia.","authors":"The Maria Meiwati Widagdo, Novita Eveline Tjuluku, Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono, Bernadeta Dhaniswara Widyaningsih","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_407_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_407_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While aging is associated with health decline leading to disability, gratitude is vital for it has positive impacts on health, both mentally and physically. Being grateful reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, and improves sleep patterns. The study aimed to identify variables associated with gratitude in elderly with disability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This research was a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. Respondents were people aged 60 years and over with disability. They were recruited using purposive sampling. Data on demography, living arrangements, self-reported diseases, age at disability onset, disability (assessed using Washington Group Short of Questions on Functioning), independence in daily activities [assessed using Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires], and gratitude (measured with a questionnaire) were collected from the respondents. Multivariate linear regression analysis with a stepwise method was used to identify variables significantly correlated with gratitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five older people aged 60-90 years participated in the study. The respondents had mobility, speech, hearing, or speech impairment. The stepwise linear regression showed that IADL and living arrangement explained 40% variance in the gratitude with F = 17.99, <i>p</i> < .001 (R²=0.40). Independence in instrumental daily activities and living with family were positively associated with gratitude in elderly with disability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Independence in daily activities and living arrangement are significant factors associated with gratitude in elderly with disability. The findings suggest priority be given to those living alone and needing help for daily activities. Exercise to increase gratitude can be incorporated into holistic care of elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"407-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reflective Practice, Autoethnography, Storytelling, and Critical Incident Analysis in Exploratory Nursing and Midwifery Research: Facing Social Illnesses and Borderline Personality Disorder.","authors":"Carlo Lazzari, Elda Nikolou-Walker, Liang Liu","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_5_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_5_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospitals are experiencing a surge in social admissions, saturating beds required for more severe pathologies. Nurses, midwives, and other health care workers can explore this issue by using self-reflective practice to research this phenomenon in depth. This study presents primary qualitative research methods in nursing and midwifery to explore novel hospital presentations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted from February 2023 to January 2024. We describe the theoretical and practical applications of qualitative inquiry, including Kolb's self-reflective practice, storytelling, autoethnography, and critical incident analysis, to improve research practice in nursing and generate practice-based evidence and strategies for policy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We crafted and analyzed four prototypical vignettes of people who typically present with social illnesses, epitomized by borderline personality disorder and its impact. By merging patient stories with nurses' autoethnographies, we can expand insider views and research tools in qualitative research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Qualitative exploratory analysis provided robust and convincing accounts of how nurses and midwives can face and relate to problematic situations in health care. Nurses can use both patients' narratives and their own to extract salient points and guidance for understanding, theorizing, changing, and policymaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study on Improving Patient Satisfaction in Kazakhstan: A Service Design Approach.","authors":"Feruza Saduyeva, Zhuldyz Kuanysh, Inesh Meyermanova, Auez Aitmagambetov, Olga Zorina, Anastassiya Vlassova, Bauyrzhan Omarkulov","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_362_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_362_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Service design method is a user-centric approach to improve the service through the patient point of view. The general purpose of the study was to improve satisfaction and increase service delivery in the occupational health clinic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is descriptive, qualitative study that utilized a service design approach and was conducted at an Occupational Health Clinic in Kazakhstan from March to September 2022. Data collection methods included observation and semi-structured interviews. The study involved the participation of 15 patients and 5 nurses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The collaborative efforts of the multiprofessional team resulted in significant enhancements to patient satisfaction and service delivery at the occupational health clinic. Initiatives such as addressing wait times for medical documentation led to notable improvements, as reflected in positive feedback from 15 patients. The overall quality of medical service received earned an impressive average rating of 5 out of 5, signaling the successful achievement of the research aim.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implementation of targeted initiatives, guided by a service design approach, has unequivocally elevated patient satisfaction and streamlined service delivery within the occupational health clinic. The collaborative efforts of the multiprofessional team, exemplified by initiative measures and innovative solutions, have addressed key areas such as waiting time, appointment organization, and recreational offerings. These outcomes not only validate the efficacy of the undertaken changes but also underscore the clinic's commitment to continuous improvement in fostering a patient-centric and efficient healthcare environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Quality of Life in Patients with New and Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from Garut, Indonesia.","authors":"Desy Indra Yani, Pitria Sri Pujhiyani, Eval Sri Rahayu, Theresia Eriyani","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_373_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_373_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared the Quality of Life (QoL) between new and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, a crucial indicator for those undergoing treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at eight community health centres in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients aged >15 years with new or recurrent pulmonary TB. QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL tool. Data were analyzed using an independent <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>54 new and 60 recurrent pulmonary TB patients participated. Recurrent TB patients Mean(SD) scored significantly higher in the psychological domain 58.30 (10.63) compared to new TB patients 53.70 (10.31) (<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>t</i>-test: -2.34).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>New pulmonary TB patients experience greater psychological burden, highlighting the need for targeted psychological support to improve their overall QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"447-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Blood Glucose Levels with Profiles Hematology on Patient Diabetes Mellitus with Ulcer Diabetes.","authors":"Candra Kusuma Negara, Tintin Sukartini, Yulis Setiya Dewi, Nursalam, Endang Pertiwiwati, Lucia Andi Chrismilasari, Rifda Nur Achriyana Arif, Devi Rahmayanti, Irfan Maulana","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_294_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_294_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that often leads to diabetic ulcers and persistent hyperglycemia. This condition can cause vascular and metabolic abnormalities, affecting bone marrow performance and altering the hematological profile of patients. This study investigates the correlation between blood glucose levels and hematological profiles in DM patients with diabetic ulcers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A quantitative, experimental laboratory study was conducted with 30 blood samples from DM patients at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia, in February 2023, using purposive sampling. Hematological profiles were analyzed with an automatic hematology analyzer, while blood glucose levels were measured using Point-of-Care Testing (POCT). The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was assessed by the Westergren method. Pearson and Spearman coefficients were used to compare ESR results at different intervals, and a regression equation was derived to predict conventional ESR values from micro ESR results. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple correlation regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between blood glucose and hematological parameters: hemoglobin (<i>p</i> = 0.013), hematocrit (<i>p</i> = 0.011), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) (<i>p</i> = 0.044), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) (<i>p</i> = 0.152). No significant correlation was found between blood glucose and the number of erythrocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.997), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) (<i>p</i> = 0.152), total leukocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.082), or platelet count (<i>p</i> = 0.484).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A moderate correlation (r = 0.422) was observed between blood glucose levels and the hematological profile in DM patients with diabetic ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"30 3","pages":"373-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}