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Investigation of Oscillating Micro U-Tube-Based Fluid Density Sensor 微型振动u型管流体密度传感器的研究
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596269
Renuka Soni;Sanjay Sengar;Jitendra Singh
{"title":"Investigation of Oscillating Micro U-Tube-Based Fluid Density Sensor","authors":"Renuka Soni;Sanjay Sengar;Jitendra Singh","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596269","url":null,"abstract":"The fluid-density sensor is realized using the oscillating U-tube method. This sensor is composed of a U-shaped tube, a piezoelectric actuator, a micropump, and a U-tube housing for the inlet and outlet of the fluid. The U-tube was excited to the oscillation mode using a piezoelectric actuator. The sensing principle is based on the dependency of resonant frequency on the measuring fluid density, where changes in density alter the inertial mass of the oscillating tube system. A theoretical analysis reveals that the resonant frequency is directly influenced by the effective density (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the measuring fluid. A new mathematical relationship has been derived and proposed between resonance frequency (f) and center-to-center gap (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) between of U-tube open ends. This U-tube has been designed for the resonance frequency of 2.269 kHz, and the empty tube quality (Q) factor was ~51.59. The density sensor exhibits a superior sensitivity of 0.05351 Hz/(kg<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {m}}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), a high mechanical quality factor of 114.48. It operates effectively in a broad range of density 784–1463 kg<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {m}}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with deflection amplitudes spanning 20.05–53 nm. The design model has been developed and correlated with the experimental results. The U-tube requires only a small volume of sample (2.416 nL), making it suitable for a variety of applications with limited sample volume availability. The compact design and robust performance characteristics position this sensor as a highly effective solution for advanced applications in precision density measurement.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34699-34705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Sensor Location, Web, and Idle Roller Structure on Measured Tension Accuracy in Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing Systems 传感器位置、腹板和惰辊结构对卷对卷制造系统张力测量精度的影响
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596154
Jaeyoung Kim;Dongwoo Kang;Kyung-Rok Kim;Hyunchang Kim
{"title":"Effect of Sensor Location, Web, and Idle Roller Structure on Measured Tension Accuracy in Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing Systems","authors":"Jaeyoung Kim;Dongwoo Kang;Kyung-Rok Kim;Hyunchang Kim","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596154","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the effects of idle rollers, web span, and sensor location on web tension control performance in roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous manufacturing systems. The web dynamics are modeled as a mass-spring-damper system using a Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic formulation and are validated through frequency response comparison with experimental data. The analysis shows that increasing the number of idle rollers lowers the first minimum resonance frequency, thereby reducing the achievable control bandwidth; specifically, the addition of a single idle roller shifts the first resonance from 11.5 to 10.6 Hz. Sensor placement is also found to significantly affect system dynamics, including both resonance and antiresonance behavior. A cascade control strategy with a notch filter is implemented to attenuate the dominant resonance and improve tension control performance. Experimental results reveal that when the loadcell is placed to cover all idle rollers in the tension zone, the system achieves a steady-state tension error within ±0.35 N and a settling time of 1.00 s at 40 mm/s web speed. In contrast, when the loadcell is located near the actuator, the step response is faster (e.g., 0.78 s) but tension regulation is limited to a partial zone, resulting in larger steady-state errors (up to ±2.0 N). These findings provide practical insights for optimizing sensor placement and mechanical configuration to enhance dynamic stability and tension regulation in high-speed R2R systems.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35303-35311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Hybrid-Interferometer 基于混合干涉仪的盐度和温度同步测量
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595709
Rui-Jie Liu;Yong Zhao;Ran Gao;Ri-Qing Lv;Hong-Kun Zheng
{"title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Hybrid-Interferometer","authors":"Rui-Jie Liu;Yong Zhao;Ran Gao;Ri-Qing Lv;Hong-Kun Zheng","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595709","url":null,"abstract":"A compact hybrid-interferometer-based fiber sensor integrating the C-shaped Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is put forward and verified. The C-shaped FPI formed by a section of hollow core fiber (HCF) spliced between a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a few-mode fiber (FMF) and opened up by femtosecond laser inscribing technology is sensitive to salinity and temperature. While the MZI constructed by a single stress-applying fiber (SSAF) between two FMFs with a large lateral offset and covered by Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is for temperature measurement only. Combined with the properties of the two interferometers, the quadratic polynomial surface fitting algorithm is adopted to solve the nonlinear response and cross-sensitivity of temperature and salinity to figure out a more precise result. According to the experimental results, the proposed sensor could achieve a high sensitivity of 12.05 nm/‰ in the salinity range of 0‰–40‰ by cavity length demodulation, and −3.33 nm/°C in the temperature range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 40~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C by wavelength demodulation, respectively. After the processing of the quadratic polynomial surface fitting algorithm, the indication errors of salinity and temperature are 1.44% and 2.6%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34646-34654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polymer Waveguide-Based Optical Tactile Sensor Fabricated by the Mosquito Method 基于聚合物波导的蚊子法光学触觉传感器
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595548
Yuantian Yin;Takaaki Ishigure
{"title":"Polymer Waveguide-Based Optical Tactile Sensor Fabricated by the Mosquito Method","authors":"Yuantian Yin;Takaaki Ishigure","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595548","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, optical waveguides are designed for ultrasensitive tactile sensing with fast response and high sensitivity. We create a polymer-based optical waveguide sensor that has been innovatively developed to address the limitations of conventional optical fiber-based sensors, particularly their flexibility and tactile capabilities. The principle of the sensor is output light intensity variation due to core bending. Our optical waveguides consist of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the cladding. An acrylate resin (XCL-02) is used for the core by dispensing its monomer into the PDMS (cladding) monomer using the Mosquito method. We demonstrate that there is a nearly linear relationship between the extra pressure and the insertion loss of the waveguide. The PDMS-based sensor exhibits high repeatability in the measurement pressure range. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 9.12 dB/MPa and a measurement range of 0–2.3 MPa, with a core diameter of approximately 100 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m and a light wavelength of 850 nm. This investigation sheds light on crucial factors influencing the sensor’s performance and response to the applied forces. We believe that this sensor can be applied in various fields, such as medical applications, wearable devices, and robotic tactile systems.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34636-34645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online Calibration of the Virtual Rotation Rate for Whole-Angle Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes Based on a Dual-Gyro Configuration 基于双陀螺结构的全角半球形谐振陀螺仪虚拟转速在线标定
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595162
Changda Xing;Jie Yuan;Tao Xia;Pengbo Xiao;Xingyuan Tang;Yao Pan;Jingyu Li;Hui Luo
{"title":"Online Calibration of the Virtual Rotation Rate for Whole-Angle Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes Based on a Dual-Gyro Configuration","authors":"Changda Xing;Jie Yuan;Tao Xia;Pengbo Xiao;Xingyuan Tang;Yao Pan;Jingyu Li;Hui Luo","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595162","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual rotation plays a crucial role in compensating for circumferential errors of the hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) operating in whole-angle (WA) mode. To eliminate undesirable effects introduced by rotation modulation, online virtual rotation rate estimation becomes the primary challenge. However, the difficulty lies in accurately resolving virtual rotation rate amidst the mixed outputs of virtual rotation and external rotation. This article provides a systematic analysis of the error mechanism in virtual rotation. To address the challenge of online virtual rotation rate estimation, a novel solution based on a dual-gyro configuration with an asynchronous virtual rotation modulation scheme is proposed and implemented. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance enhancement achieved by this calibration scheme. In the presence of external disturbances, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of precession angle measurements exhibits a remarkable 12.28-fold improvement. The maximum residual ranges of angular rate also show an average 13.86-fold improvement.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34468-34479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-Step Graph Optimization for GNSS/INS Integration in Arctic Shipborne Navigation 北极船载导航GNSS/INS集成的两步图优化
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595561
Yuan Hu;Youpeng Pan;Wei Liu;Tengfei Qi
{"title":"Two-Step Graph Optimization for GNSS/INS Integration in Arctic Shipborne Navigation","authors":"Yuan Hu;Youpeng Pan;Wei Liu;Tengfei Qi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595561","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable positioning in the Arctic remains a critical challenge due to low satellite elevation angles, frequent signal blockages by ice ridges, and strong ionospheric disturbances, all of which degrade the performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). Most GNSS/inertial navigation system (INS) integration techniques, ranging from extended Kalman filter (EKF) to conventional factor-graph-based frameworks, have seen limited validation in the Arctic, where sparse satellite geometry and prolonged signal outages pose conditions far more severe than typical mid-latitude environments. To bridge this gap and improve robustness in such conditions, we propose a two-step graph optimization (TSGO) framework for loosely coupled (LC) GNSS/INS integration tailored to Arctic shipborne applications. In the first stage, TSGO performs local graph-based optimization on raw GNSS pseudorange and Doppler observations to mitigate outliers and improve positioning accuracy. The second stage incorporates the optimized GNSS results into a global factor graph alongside inertial measurements to refine the trajectory through globally consistent smoothing. Field experiments conducted aboard an Arctic research vessel demonstrate that TSGO significantly outperforms conventional EKF and optimization-based GNSS/INS (OB-GINS) methods. Compared to EKF, TSGO reduces the maximum horizontal error by over 70% and the root mean square error (RMSE) by 24%. It also achieves 33% and 10% improvements in these metrics over OB-GINS. These results highlight the effectiveness and robustness of TSGO in high-latitude GNSS-challenged environments.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35278-35288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simultaneous Self-Contained Temperature and Angular Velocity Measurement in Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes 干涉式光纤陀螺仪的温度和角速度同步测量
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595945
Xinyu Cao;Haoyan Liu;Wenbo Wang;Fangshuo Shi;Lanxin Zhu;Huimin Huang;Ziqi Zhou;Yan He;Yanjun Chen;Zhengbin Li
{"title":"Simultaneous Self-Contained Temperature and Angular Velocity Measurement in Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes","authors":"Xinyu Cao;Haoyan Liu;Wenbo Wang;Fangshuo Shi;Lanxin Zhu;Huimin Huang;Ziqi Zhou;Yan He;Yanjun Chen;Zhengbin Li","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595945","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) are sensitive to ambient temperature variations, which can introduce drift in the measured angular velocity. To mitigate such effects, accurate access to real-time temperature information is essential. This article proposes a self-contained multiparameter measurement method that enables simultaneous acquisition of temperature and angular velocity without relying on external sensors. The approach utilizes a multiplexing four-state modulation scheme to embed temperature-related information in the output signal, which is then extracted and used to adjust the signal processing accordingly. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method across a wide thermal range, with temperature measurement achieving a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.3722~^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>C. Temperature correction is carried out using the real-time measured temperature, and experimental results demonstrate improved stability, with the 100-s averaged standard deviation reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.252~^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/h to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.023~^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/h by a factor of 10.9, and the maximum deviation suppressed from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.819~^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/h to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.097~^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/h by a factor of 8.4. As the method operates entirely within the existing IFOG modulation and detection framework, it offers a practical solution for improving system performance in thermally dynamic environments.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34655-34662"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Temperature IEPE Charge Amplifier With Enhanced Low-Frequency Performance for MEMS Piezoelectric Accelerometer 用于MEMS压电加速度计的增强低频性能高温IEPE电荷放大器
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596050
Jiachang Zhang;Anna Li;Cheng Zhang;Yongquan Su;Dalong Chen;Hao Huang;Feng Tian;Yichen Liu;Lihao Wang;Yang Wang;Zhenyu Wu
{"title":"High-Temperature IEPE Charge Amplifier With Enhanced Low-Frequency Performance for MEMS Piezoelectric Accelerometer","authors":"Jiachang Zhang;Anna Li;Cheng Zhang;Yongquan Su;Dalong Chen;Hao Huang;Feng Tian;Yichen Liu;Lihao Wang;Yang Wang;Zhenyu Wu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596050","url":null,"abstract":"The micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) piezoelectric (PE) accelerometers are ideal for extreme environments, such as high temperature, but extracting weak charge signals remains challenging. This article presents for the first time an integrated electronics PE (IEPE) high-temperature MEMS accelerometer, based on a self-developed PE MEMS accelerometer and IEPE charge amplifier. First, a theoretical model was established to evaluate the sensitivity, bandwidth, and noise characteristics of the charge amplifier at elevated temperatures. Meanwhile, the corresponding parameters are obtained by simulation. Second, a high-temperature lower corner frequency test system was established based on the electric excitation discharge time constant (EEDTC) principle, resolving the issue of inadequate load in low-frequency response testing system. Finally, feedback capacitance and bias resistance parameters are optimized to maintain the zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) operating point in the IEPE charge amplifier, reducing low-frequency temperature drift. Above all, the developed IEPE high-temperature MEMS accelerometer achieves a wide 3-dB bandwidth of 0.11–7000 Hz, a sensitivity of 2.72 mV/g, a noise spectral density of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.45~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>V/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz at 10 Hz, a nonlinearity of 0.14% at 500 g, and a transverse sensitivity of 0.42% at room temperature, and it achieves a -3-dB lower corner frequency at 0.24 Hz, a sensitivity of 2.24 mV/g, a noise spectral density of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>V/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz at 10 Hz, and an equivalent noise of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 0.0278~{g}_{text {rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$175~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, which is of significant importance for the application of MEMS PE accelerometers in high-temperature environments.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34819-34829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exosome Biosensor Based on Quantum Dots-Modified Field Effect Transistor 基于量子点修正场效应晶体管的外泌体生物传感器
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3593869
Jingqiu Chen;Qing Huang;Jing Huang;Tucan Chen;Lanpeng Guo;Yunong Zhao;Dandan Li;Wenjian Zhang;Huayao Li;Yang Zhang;Liang Hu;Huan Liu
{"title":"Exosome Biosensor Based on Quantum Dots-Modified Field Effect Transistor","authors":"Jingqiu Chen;Qing Huang;Jing Huang;Tucan Chen;Lanpeng Guo;Yunong Zhao;Dandan Li;Wenjian Zhang;Huayao Li;Yang Zhang;Liang Hu;Huan Liu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3593869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3593869","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating demand for high-throughput and miniaturized biosensors has spurred significant advancements in biosensor chips. However, challenges remain in achieving high-sensitivity and specificity in miniaturized devices. Herein, we construct a sensitive exosome biosensor based on quantum dots (QDs)-modified field-effect transistor. PbS QDs were drop-coated onto the gate of a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT), followed by surface modification with CD63 antibodies (anti-CD63) through a ligand exchange strategy, and subsequent bovine serum albumin (BSA) blocking treatment. Exosomes with CD63 proteins enriched in the surface were isolated from MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines to serve as target analytes. The specific binding events between the CD63 antigen and antibody capture exosomes onto the gate of HEMT, affecting the output current (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${I}_{text {D}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The synergy of the capacitance coupling effect of the modification layer and the intrinsic signal amplification capability of HEMT assists in significantly modulating the 2-D electron gas (2DEG), resulting in amplified <inline-formula> <tex-math>${I}_{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. With constant gate voltage applied, the <inline-formula> <tex-math>${I}_{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the biosensor sensitively increases with exosome concentration within a wide range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{{9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> particles/mL at <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}_{text {D}} =3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, and the limit of detection (LOD) is estimated to be <inline-formula> <tex-math>$9times 10^{{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> particles/mL. This exosome biosensor demonstrates its potential for clinical applicability and paves the way for the development of miniaturized exosome biosensor chips.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34355-34362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Activity Recognition Based on the Method of CFAR-SOPC Using Millimeter-Wave Radar 基于毫米波雷达CFAR-SOPC方法的人体活动识别
IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595930
Fang Zhou;Xinyu Liao;Jing Fang;Mengdao Xing;Marina Gashinova
{"title":"Human Activity Recognition Based on the Method of CFAR-SOPC Using Millimeter-Wave Radar","authors":"Fang Zhou;Xinyu Liao;Jing Fang;Mengdao Xing;Marina Gashinova","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595930","url":null,"abstract":"Human activity recognition (HAR) has become a research hotspot due to its broad application prospects in search and rescue, health monitoring, safety monitoring, and sports science. Millimeter-wave radar, with its low cost and noncontact sensing method, provides an ideal technical solution for protecting user privacy, so it is widely used in HAR research. In the study, a human motion classification method based on the constant false alarm rate-sampling the overall point cloud (CFAR-SOPC) is proposed. First, the human motion data from a millimeter-wave radar are resized into a 2-D cube. Second, the phasor average cancellation (PAC) method is applied to the data to filter out clutter, and then, the data are resized into a 3-D cube, and CFAR-SOPC is performed on the data to generate a range–Doppler (RD)–time stereo contour point cloud (SCPC), which effectively reduces the size of the features. Finally, the sample is input into the PointNet network that specializes in processing point cloud data for feature extraction and activity recognition, with an accuracy rate of 96.7%. The experimental results present a fact that compared with the existing approaches, CFAR-SOPC improves the accuracy of classification and reduces the cost of memory and time.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35077-35089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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