IEEE Sensors Journal最新文献

{"title":"Elucidating the Reactivity of Reflectance-Based Core-Body Photoplethysmogram to Posture and Respiratory Changes","authors":"Afra Nawar;Onur S. Kilic;Farhan N. Rahman;Chuoqi Chen;John A. Berkebile;Michael Chan;Amit J. Shah;Omer T. Inan","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596522","url":null,"abstract":"At-home cardiovascular monitoring has become widespread with the commercialization of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) in wearable devices. A tremendous opportunity for comprehensive monitoring of chronotropic, inotropic, and vascular characteristics of the cardiovascular system can be unlocked if PPG data are combined with signals of other modalities at the core body. However, little is known about the quality of core-body PPG or its reactivity to environmental conditions. To elucidate core-body PPG signals, we compared the reactivity and quality of sternum and back PPG signals to finger-based PPG in 24 healthy participants during a protocol with posture and breathing changes. We found that the signal quality of core-body PPG was affected by body location, wavelength, LED/photodiode configuration, posture, and breathing pattern. Notably, reflectance-mode red-wavelength core-body quality was less than that of transmittance-mode finger red-wavelength PPG (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~lt 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). However, green-wavelength core-body PPG quality was comparable (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~gt 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, sternum) or significantly greater (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~lt 0.001$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, back). We also found that PPG amplitude reactivity for core-body signals was in accordance with that of the finger (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~gt 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~lt 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, sign(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {core}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) = sign(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {periphery}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)) for posture changes but opposite (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~lt 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, sign(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {core}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$neq $ </tex-math></inline-formula> sign(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {periphery}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)) or significantly blunted (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}~lt 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, sign(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {core}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) = sign(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {periphery}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), abs(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {core}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) < abs(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{text {periphery}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)) during deep and resistive breathing. We, thus, demonstrate the importance of studying the reactivity of vasculature at different sensor locations, as their reactivity to various provocations is heterogeneous. Our findings can be used to develop improved hardware for sensing core-body PPG and algorithms for interpreting the signals acquired, enabling clinicians to more comprehensively understand patient cardiovascular health.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35447-35459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Path Planning Framework for Robots Based on Improved Parallel Sampling RRT and Offset Guidance DWA","authors":"Yaowei Hu;Xufei Chen;Pingping Tang;Hui Zhang;Jiong Jin;Shiwen Mao","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596346","url":null,"abstract":"The path planning is one of the critical technologies for robots to achieve the autonomous operation, enabling to quickly find a safe path in dynamic environments. However, relying on global path planning alone cannot avoid dynamic obstacles, while only using the local path planning may lead to falling into local minima. Therefore, a two-layer robot path planning method suitable for dynamic environments is proposed. This two-layer strategy consists of an efficient global path planning layer and a safe local dynamic obstacle avoidance layer. In the first layer, a parallel sampling and bidirectional guidance rapidly exploring random tree algorithm (PB-RRT) is proposed to search for the global path. To enhance efficiency, the parallel heuristic sampling is introduced to replace the random sampling in bidirectional rapidly exploring random tree (Bi-RRT), and an evaluation function incorporating distance and corner factors is designed to select optimal sampling nodes for adaptive expansion, making the sampling process directional and avoiding over-exploration of space. A bidirectional guidance mechanism further accelerates the merging of the two trees by fully utilizing newly generated node information. Then, a path optimization (PO) method is proposed to improve the length and smoothness of the initial path and obtain the key nodes of the path. In the second layer, the key nodes obtained from the first layer are used as dynamic subtargets, and the safe dynamic window approach (SDWA) is used to achieve the dynamic obstacle avoidance. To further enhance safety, an offset guidance method is proposed to flexibly steer the robot around dynamic obstacles. Extensive experiments show that the average planning time of PB-rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) is reduced by 67.7% compared with Bi-RRT, while the path quality is improved and the path length is reduced by 27.1%. The proposed method also effectively avoids dynamic obstacles in environments with obstacle densities exceeding 60% and achieves the maximum of minimum distance to dynamic obstacles, validating the feasibility and safety of the method.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35597-35608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Range Dense Mapping With Enhanced Accuracy via a Flying Variable-Baseline Stereo System","authors":"Zhaoying Wang;Wei Dong","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596433","url":null,"abstract":"For unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms equipped with cameras operating in large-scale urban environments, long-range mapping is an effective approach to enhancing safe navigation. Conventional stereo vision systems are inherently limited by their compact structure and fixed baselines, restricting their effective sensing range. This article presents flying variable-baseline stereo (VB-stereo)—a collaborative stereo vision system that utilizes two coordinately flying UAVs to form a spatially flexible stereo configuration for long-range dense mapping. We first propose a collaborative variable-baseline stereo mapping (CVBSM) framework that integrates online variable-baseline (VB) estimation, cross-agent feature association, and sparse-to-dense exponential fitting to achieve long-range dense mapping. Building on this framework, we further analyze the optimal stereo baseline that balances geometric parallax and baseline estimation uncertainty to enhance mapping accuracy across different scene depths. Extensive real-world experiments demonstrate that our approach enables dense 3-D reconstruction up to 70 m, achieving relative errors between 2.3% and 9.6%. Notably, the optimal baseline length is shown to increase consistently with scene depth. This provides effective guidance for adaptive baseline selection, thereby enhancing reconstruction accuracy across targeted depth intervals. These results demonstrate the potential of VB collaboration for long-range UAV perception and open new directions for future research in aerial swarm mapping.Video: <uri>https: //youtu.be/AfTm54kpcSo</uri>","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35131-35143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Fiber Bragg Grating Voltage Sensing System Based on an Optoelectronic Oscillator With the Vernier Effect","authors":"Wenzhu Gui;Zhangyi Yang;Zuoheng Liu;Wei Dong","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596486","url":null,"abstract":"A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) voltage sensing system based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with the Vernier effect is proposed. The system can convert the FBG wavelength shift into the frequency shift of the OEO output microwave signal by introducing dispersion within the loop. Since the wavelength of the FBG varies with voltage by bonding FBG to piezoelectric ceramic (PZT), the system can measure voltage by monitoring the frequency shift of the OEO. Two FBGs are placed inside the loop to form a dual-loop structure. By controlling the length difference between the two loops, the Vernier effect can be realized and the sensitivity of the voltage sensing system is improved. Meanwhile, due to the similar temperature-sensitive performance of the two FBGs, the system can realize temperature compensation to reduce the temperature-induced voltage measurement error. The sensitivity of the voltage sensing system based on the single-loop OEO is 367.25 Hz/V, while the sensitivity of the voltage sensing system based on the dual-loop OEO is 93.07 kHz/V, which is 253 times higher than that of the single-loop voltage sensing system. The temperature sensitivity of the voltage sensing system is measured to be 46.64 kHz/°C. A high-resolution voltage sensing system based on an OEO with the Vernier effect is realized.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34663-34670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Metal Elastomer Foam-Based Sensor Array Using Transmission Line for Continuous Spatial Stress Measurement","authors":"Tingting Yu;Hongyao Tang;Xin Chen;Yuanyuan Chen;Yang Li;Jiayi Yang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596546","url":null,"abstract":"Stress sensor arrays are widely used in wearable devices, medical health monitoring, and intelligent robotics. However, existing sensor arrays require extensive wiring for each sensor unit, leading to low integration. This article introduces a sensor array based on liquid metal elastomer foam (LMEF) that utilizes a transmission line (TL) for continuous spatial stress measurement with just two wires. Compressing the LMEF changes the dielectric constant above the TL, altering the frequency of the attenuation peak in the transmission coefficient. This allows for continuous spatial stress measurement through just two wires. The mechanism is theoretically investigated via electromagnetic theory and finite-element simulation. Two sensor arrays, a linear sensor array (LSA) and an S-shaped sensor array, are fabricated to evaluate the continuous spatial stress measurement capabilities. Using these sensor arrays, an electronic piano, a digital keyboard, and a gaming control system are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34502-34509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Oscillating Micro U-Tube-Based Fluid Density Sensor","authors":"Renuka Soni;Sanjay Sengar;Jitendra Singh","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596269","url":null,"abstract":"The fluid-density sensor is realized using the oscillating U-tube method. This sensor is composed of a U-shaped tube, a piezoelectric actuator, a micropump, and a U-tube housing for the inlet and outlet of the fluid. The U-tube was excited to the oscillation mode using a piezoelectric actuator. The sensing principle is based on the dependency of resonant frequency on the measuring fluid density, where changes in density alter the inertial mass of the oscillating tube system. A theoretical analysis reveals that the resonant frequency is directly influenced by the effective density (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the measuring fluid. A new mathematical relationship has been derived and proposed between resonance frequency (f) and center-to-center gap (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) between of U-tube open ends. This U-tube has been designed for the resonance frequency of 2.269 kHz, and the empty tube quality (Q) factor was ~51.59. The density sensor exhibits a superior sensitivity of 0.05351 Hz/(kg<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {m}}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), a high mechanical quality factor of 114.48. It operates effectively in a broad range of density 784–1463 kg<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {m}}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with deflection amplitudes spanning 20.05–53 nm. The design model has been developed and correlated with the experimental results. The U-tube requires only a small volume of sample (2.416 nL), making it suitable for a variety of applications with limited sample volume availability. The compact design and robust performance characteristics position this sensor as a highly effective solution for advanced applications in precision density measurement.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34699-34705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sensor Location, Web, and Idle Roller Structure on Measured Tension Accuracy in Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing Systems","authors":"Jaeyoung Kim;Dongwoo Kang;Kyung-Rok Kim;Hyunchang Kim","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3596154","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the effects of idle rollers, web span, and sensor location on web tension control performance in roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous manufacturing systems. The web dynamics are modeled as a mass-spring-damper system using a Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic formulation and are validated through frequency response comparison with experimental data. The analysis shows that increasing the number of idle rollers lowers the first minimum resonance frequency, thereby reducing the achievable control bandwidth; specifically, the addition of a single idle roller shifts the first resonance from 11.5 to 10.6 Hz. Sensor placement is also found to significantly affect system dynamics, including both resonance and antiresonance behavior. A cascade control strategy with a notch filter is implemented to attenuate the dominant resonance and improve tension control performance. Experimental results reveal that when the loadcell is placed to cover all idle rollers in the tension zone, the system achieves a steady-state tension error within ±0.35 N and a settling time of 1.00 s at 40 mm/s web speed. In contrast, when the loadcell is located near the actuator, the step response is faster (e.g., 0.78 s) but tension regulation is limited to a partial zone, resulting in larger steady-state errors (up to ±2.0 N). These findings provide practical insights for optimizing sensor placement and mechanical configuration to enhance dynamic stability and tension regulation in high-speed R2R systems.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"35303-35311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Hybrid-Interferometer","authors":"Rui-Jie Liu;Yong Zhao;Ran Gao;Ri-Qing Lv;Hong-Kun Zheng","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595709","url":null,"abstract":"A compact hybrid-interferometer-based fiber sensor integrating the C-shaped Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is put forward and verified. The C-shaped FPI formed by a section of hollow core fiber (HCF) spliced between a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a few-mode fiber (FMF) and opened up by femtosecond laser inscribing technology is sensitive to salinity and temperature. While the MZI constructed by a single stress-applying fiber (SSAF) between two FMFs with a large lateral offset and covered by Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is for temperature measurement only. Combined with the properties of the two interferometers, the quadratic polynomial surface fitting algorithm is adopted to solve the nonlinear response and cross-sensitivity of temperature and salinity to figure out a more precise result. According to the experimental results, the proposed sensor could achieve a high sensitivity of 12.05 nm/‰ in the salinity range of 0‰–40‰ by cavity length demodulation, and −3.33 nm/°C in the temperature range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 40~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C by wavelength demodulation, respectively. After the processing of the quadratic polynomial surface fitting algorithm, the indication errors of salinity and temperature are 1.44% and 2.6%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34646-34654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Waveguide-Based Optical Tactile Sensor Fabricated by the Mosquito Method","authors":"Yuantian Yin;Takaaki Ishigure","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595548","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, optical waveguides are designed for ultrasensitive tactile sensing with fast response and high sensitivity. We create a polymer-based optical waveguide sensor that has been innovatively developed to address the limitations of conventional optical fiber-based sensors, particularly their flexibility and tactile capabilities. The principle of the sensor is output light intensity variation due to core bending. Our optical waveguides consist of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the cladding. An acrylate resin (XCL-02) is used for the core by dispensing its monomer into the PDMS (cladding) monomer using the Mosquito method. We demonstrate that there is a nearly linear relationship between the extra pressure and the insertion loss of the waveguide. The PDMS-based sensor exhibits high repeatability in the measurement pressure range. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 9.12 dB/MPa and a measurement range of 0–2.3 MPa, with a core diameter of approximately 100 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m and a light wavelength of 850 nm. This investigation sheds light on crucial factors influencing the sensor’s performance and response to the applied forces. We believe that this sensor can be applied in various fields, such as medical applications, wearable devices, and robotic tactile systems.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34636-34645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Calibration of the Virtual Rotation Rate for Whole-Angle Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes Based on a Dual-Gyro Configuration","authors":"Changda Xing;Jie Yuan;Tao Xia;Pengbo Xiao;Xingyuan Tang;Yao Pan;Jingyu Li;Hui Luo","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3595162","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual rotation plays a crucial role in compensating for circumferential errors of the hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) operating in whole-angle (WA) mode. To eliminate undesirable effects introduced by rotation modulation, online virtual rotation rate estimation becomes the primary challenge. However, the difficulty lies in accurately resolving virtual rotation rate amidst the mixed outputs of virtual rotation and external rotation. This article provides a systematic analysis of the error mechanism in virtual rotation. To address the challenge of online virtual rotation rate estimation, a novel solution based on a dual-gyro configuration with an asynchronous virtual rotation modulation scheme is proposed and implemented. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance enhancement achieved by this calibration scheme. In the presence of external disturbances, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of precession angle measurements exhibits a remarkable 12.28-fold improvement. The maximum residual ranges of angular rate also show an average 13.86-fold improvement.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 18","pages":"34468-34479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}