Qingtao Yao;Guopeng Zhu;Ling Xiang;Hao Su;Aijun Hu
{"title":"Unveiling MISFN: A Multiattribute Information Segmentation and Fusion Network for Advanced Wind Turbine Anomaly Monitoring","authors":"Qingtao Yao;Guopeng Zhu;Ling Xiang;Hao Su;Aijun Hu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3520091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3520091","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for reliable wind turbine performance has highlighted the critical need for advanced anomaly monitoring systems. Existing strategies are often found to struggle with the efficient extraction and fusion of multiattribute data, which are essential for ensuring the secure operation of wind turbines. In response, a novel approach, multi-attribute information segmentation and fusion network (MISFN), is proposed to enhance anomaly monitoring through spatiotemporal feature extraction from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. In this network, information segmentation convolution (ISC) is proposed to direct the flow of multiattribute SCADA data, enabling effective information diversion while also extracting spatiotemporal features and captures long-range dependencies. These spatiotemporal features are then refined by the Transformer, which further enhances the model’s ability to detect anomalies in the data. Explained variance score (EVS) is developed as an evaluation metric to assess the deviation between predicted and actual system states, enabling early and accurate anomaly detection. MISFN was validated using SCADA data from two real-world wind farms, where anomalous states were successfully monitored with high reliability and precision. Through comparative experiments, the superiority of this model over traditional approaches was demonstrated, confirming its effectiveness for real-time wind turbine anomaly monitoring. This work is considered a significant advance in the integration of multi-attribute data fusion and spatiotemporal feature extraction, paving the way for more intelligent and proactive wind turbine monitoring solutions.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6710-6722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Design of Waveform and Filter for MIMO DFRC Systems Under the Satellite-UAV Framework","authors":"Ye Lai;Keqing Duan;Zizhou Qiu;Weiwei Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524107","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the joint design of transmit waveforms and receive filters for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dual-function radar and communication (DFRC) systems under the satellite-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) framework. To address the issue of widely distributed clutter encountered on bistatic moving platforms and improve target detection performance, we employ space-time adaptive processing (STAP) technology and propose an objective function using output signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio (SCNR) as the criterion. Concurrently, the downlink multiuser interference (MUI) energy is constrained to uphold quality of service (QoS) for communication. To enhance spectral coexistence, a multispectral constraint is imposed on the stopband of the transmitted waveform’s spectrum. In addition, a constant modulus (CM) constraint is enforced to optimize amplifier efficiency and mitigate nonlinear effects. To tackle the encountered nonconvex optimization problem, an algorithm based on cyclic optimization, Dinkelbach’s transform, and alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) is further proposed. The simulation experiments have verified that the designed waveforms and filters can achieve suboptimal clutter suppression performance, while strictly adhering to communication, spectrum, and modulus constraints.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6920-6939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Eduarda T. Marinho;Lúcia Bilro;Ricardo Oliveira
{"title":"Embedded Optical Fiber Bragg Grating in 3D-Printed Membranes for Monitoring Finger Flexion Movement","authors":"Maria Eduarda T. Marinho;Lúcia Bilro;Ricardo Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3520702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3520702","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we modeled, fabricated, and fully characterized a multiplexed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor embedded in a soft 3D-printed flexible skin to evaluate the finger joint movements of the hand, with a specific focus of this work on the index finger. Bragg gratings with separation between each other defined according to the finger’s phalanges were used for that. These were embedded in a 1-mm-thick elastic 3-D-printed membrane, allowing the FBG to strain and respond to curvature. Curvature characterizations were implemented through two different methodologies, namely through the movement of one terminal related to the other (inefficient) and through the use of 3-D-printed parts with predefined curvatures. The later method revealed better calibration performances. As a proof of concept, a 3D-printed mold with predefined curvatures, emulating the index finger flexure, was fabricated and the response of the embedded sensor was evaluated. The results showed the capability to measure the joint movement with a maximum error of 3.4 mm in radius of curvature (the maximum difference between the experimental values and the actual values), showing its ability to be used in a real-world scenario. This work paves the way for future flexible wearable sensors capable of aiding occupational therapists in the evaluation of the patient’s hand mobility, allowing them to properly define the training program and thus enhancing the quality of life of persons with hand disabilities.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6336-6345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple Faults Isolation for Multiconstellation GNSS Positioning Through Incremental Expansion of Consistent Measurements","authors":"Penggao Yan;Yingjie Hu;Welson Wen;Li-Ta Hsu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524434","url":null,"abstract":"Fast and accurate fault detection and isolation (FDI) for multiple faults is crucial for satellite navigation systems. However, conventional deletion-based greedy search methods suffer from swamping effects, i.e., wrongly excluding healthy measurements, which leads to degradation in positioning performance after executing the isolation. This study proposes an incrementally expanding algorithm to isolate multiple faulty measurements in the multiconstellation global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. The proposed algorithm is designed to find the most consistent set by incrementally expanding the minimum basic set with fault-free assumption. In each iteration, the no-fault hypothesis testing is conducted on the ordered studentized and jackknife residuals, enabling the correction of the fault-free assumption made in constructing the minimum basic set. The isolation performance and its impacts on positioning accuracy are evaluated in a worldwide simulation. The proposed method shows a 26% reduction in the swamping event rate and a 75% reduction in the mean postisolation positioning error, compared to the deletion-based greedy search method. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the stability of the proposed method regarding the number of faults and the fault magnitude is demonstrated. An application to the real-world dataset with artificially injected bias is also studied, showing a reduced postisolation positioning error.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6967-6981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors for Various Cancer Detection in Human Body: A Review","authors":"Srishti Singh;Dharmendra Kumar;Anupam Sahu;Vijay Shanker Chaudhary;Ghanshyam Singh;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524325","url":null,"abstract":"The development of compact, highly sensitive sensors for real-time analyte detection is crucial for medical diagnostics. The promising characteristics of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have captivated researchers, driving efforts to develop sensors for early cancer detection. The microscopic air holes within the PCF structure allow analytes to be inserted, enabling precise interaction between confined light and analyte for detecting malignancies. This review examines PCFs’ potential in cancer detection, focusing on principles like evanescent waves (EWs), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and interferometry. SPR-based PCF sensors stand out for their design flexibility and optical properties, showing great promise for cancer detection and potential clinical applications. This review also emphasizes recent developments in PCF-SPR sensors, addressing their performance and possible improvements.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"5956-5968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Absolute Optical Encoder Chip With Self-Reference Compensation","authors":"Shuang Du;Yu Liang;Kai Wang;Dongning Hao;Wei Zhang;Tingting Wu;Yingxu Zhou","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3520623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3520623","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of the analog waveform generated by the absolute photodiodes in traditional absolute optical encoders are highly affected by changes in environmental conditions, primarily fluctuations in light intensity and temperature. While a constant direct current (dc) voltage is set as the reference, maintaining stable duty cycles of the digital square waves converted from the generated analog waveforms at the ideal 50% can be challenging, potentially resulting in incorrect absolute code information. This article introduces an innovative approach for generating a reference level based on the additional current produced by the incremental photodiode array (INCP). By aligning consistently with the offset variations of absolute signals, the proposed method effectively stabilizes the duty cycles of the digital square waves. To validate the approach, a photonic readout chip utilizing a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.35~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS process was developed, and the proposed method was successfully assessed. Test results show that the internal reference voltage remains nearly constant. And the method of generating the internal reference level can effectively maintain the stability of the duty cycle and the accuracy of absolute code information when the environment changes.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6261-6268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sven Suppelt;Romol Chadda;Niklas Schäfer;Alexander A. Altmann;Dragana Gerovac;Daniel G. E. Thiem;Paul Weigl;Robert Sader;Mario Kupnik
{"title":"Multiparameter Measurement System for Analyzing the Temporomandibular Joint Complex","authors":"Sven Suppelt;Romol Chadda;Niklas Schäfer;Alexander A. Altmann;Dragana Gerovac;Daniel G. E. Thiem;Paul Weigl;Robert Sader;Mario Kupnik","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3524018","url":null,"abstract":"The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the human body, but its biomechanics has not been as extensively researched as other body joints, leading to a fundamental gap in understanding the physiological characteristics and diagnostics of related disorders. This work introduces a measurement system that applies a precise counterforce against mouth opening, enabling the study of jaw motion under both static and dynamic conditions. Unlike conventional methods, this system assesses mandibular function without solely relying on subjective, isotonic, or isometric techniques. The system simultaneously measures the degree of jaw opening, symmetry of jaw opening force, electromyography (EMG), and handgrip force as pain feedback. An exploratory study was conducted with five healthy participants, and their results were compared with those of a dysgnathia patient. In the healthy group, a maximum jaw opening force of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${161} pm {58}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>N was recorded, approximately doubling the jaw opening forces previously discussed in literature. The dysgnathia patient showed a 39.8% reduction in maximum jaw opening force compared to a similar healthy participant and experienced moderate pain (4 on the NPRS-11 scale) at a jaw opening angle of 10°. These findings demonstrate the system’s capability to objectively assess multiple functional parameters simultaneously. This system bridges the gap in TMJ diagnostics and offers a comprehensive tool for evaluating mandibular function.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"7263-7275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSIFNet: Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow Pattern Identification Based on Spatial Scale Internal Attention Feature Fusion Network","authors":"Weihang Kong;He Liu;Yaohan Chi;Yang Li;He Li","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3523496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3523496","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the constraints of current methods in swiftly and accurately identifying complex flow patterns under actual conditions, this article proposes an innovative identification method for oil-water two-phase flow patterns, based on a spatial scale internal attention feature fusion network (SSIFNet). Specially, a spatial scale attention (SSA) module is designed to equip the model with the scale-aware ability to capture the flow characteristics at varying scales for complex flow patterns. Moreover, an internal attention strategy (IAS) is developed to realize the local context and global dependency modeling, so as to realize the accurate identification of the flow pattern. The proposed method leverages a hybrid architecture to combine the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in local feature extraction with the ability of transformers to model global dependencies, thereby enhancing the overall identification performance of the oil-water flow patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 89.21% while the number of parameters to 15.93 M, outperforming traditional standard-network and lightweight-network methods in terms of identification accuracy and the number of parameters. The proposed method exhibits high identification accuracy and stability across a range of oil-water flow patterns, particularly when confronted with complex and dynamic logging scenarios.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"7611-7619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pixel-Level Sequential TDC With Wide Dynamic Range for Large-Array Microbolometer IRFPAs","authors":"Jongbeom Kim;Doohyung Woo","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3523498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3523498","url":null,"abstract":"A digital readout integrated circuit (DROIC) incorporating a pixel-level sequential time-to-digital converter (TDC) is studied for microbolometer infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs). To improve signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) with sufficient integration time for IRFPAs with large arrays and small pixel sizes, a sequential driving method with high precision bias suppression is used. A pixel-level TDC with a single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS-ADC) is proposed to improve dynamic range (DR) and SNR over a wide input range despite low supply voltage and power consumption. The readout circuit is fabricated using a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.18~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m standard CMOS process for <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1026times 768$ </tex-math></inline-formula> arrays with a pixel size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$15times 15~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. The maximum integration time and DR are 1.95 ms and 80.9 dB, respectively, with a power consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.21~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W per pixel.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6572-6581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subhash Pratap;Yoshiyuki Hatta;Kazuaki Ito;Shyamanta M. Hazarika
{"title":"Understanding Grasp Synergies During Reach-to-Grasp Using an Instrumented Data Glove","authors":"Subhash Pratap;Yoshiyuki Hatta;Kazuaki Ito;Shyamanta M. Hazarika","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3523512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3523512","url":null,"abstract":"Grasp synergies lead to the identification of underlying patterns to develop control strategies for five-fingered prosthetic hands or exoskeletons. Data gloves play a crucial role in the study of human grasping and could provide insights into grasp synergies. This article presents the design and implementation of a data glove that has been fabricated using 3-D-printing technology and enhanced with instrumentation. The glove utilizes flexible sensors for the fingers and force sensors integrated into the glove at the fingertips to accurately capture grasp postures and forces. Understanding the kinematics and dynamics of human grasp including reach-to-grasp is undertaken. A comprehensive study involving ten healthy subjects was conducted. Grasp synergy analysis is carried out to identify underlying patterns for grasping. Correlation analysis showed a strong synergy, especially between index and middle fingers with a 0.95 correlation coefficient. Principal component analysis (PCA) facilitated dimensionality reduction, revealing that three principal components (PCs) capture over 97% of the variance in grasp postures, underscoring the complexity and synergy of hand movements. Grasp classification experiments validated the efficacy of PCA-based synergy, achieving high classification accuracies (95.84%–92.34%) and demonstrating the method’s competitive performance in scenarios requiring reduced sensor complexity, as confirmed by confusion matrices and comparative analysis with existing methodologies. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) visualization showcased clusters of grasp postures and forces, unveiling similarities and patterns among different grasp types (GTs). These findings could serve as a comprehensive guide in the design and control of five-fingered robotic hands and exoskeletons for rehabilitation applications, enabling the replication of natural hand movements.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":"6133-6150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}