IEEE Sensors Journal最新文献_第8页

Methodology for the Evaluation of Linear Response Microwave Sensors

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3484272

Edel-Serafin Hernandez-Gomez;Jose-Luis Olvera-Cervantes;Andres-Fernando Plata-Galvis;Miguel Hernandez-Aguila;Gisela de la Fuente-Cortes

{"title":"Methodology for the Evaluation of Linear Response Microwave Sensors","authors":"Edel-Serafin Hernandez-Gomez;Jose-Luis Olvera-Cervantes;Andres-Fernando Plata-Galvis;Miguel Hernandez-Aguila;Gisela de la Fuente-Cortes","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3484272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3484272","url":null,"abstract":"Most microwave sensors establish a relationship between electrical parameters or dielectric properties with the property of interest of a sample using simple linear regression to make predictions. These do not implement the assumptions of linear regression and evaluate their quality in different ways, making fair comparisons between regressions impossible. In this article, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the assumptions. The assumption of anomalies is implemented with standardized and studentized residuals; the assumption of normality, with the Shapiro-Wilk test; the assumption of homoscedasticity, with the Breusch-Pagan test; the assumption of independence, with the Durbin-Watson test; and linearity, with the F-test. This methodology includes the evaluation of the quality of the linear regression. The dynamic range is considered, such as the difference between the highest and the lowest value of the property of interest, the sensitivity using ordinary least squares (OLSs), the resolution with analysis of variance, and the accuracy with root-mean-squared error of cross-validation. The sl-regression-quality package is provided to perform the methodology using Python software. As an example, a resonator sensor is considered to determine the moisture content of meat. This methodology can be used for the fairest comparison between simple linear regressions of microwave sensors.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"41057-41064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Waveform Design for Netted Colocated MIMO Radar Systems With Practical Constraints

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486449

Cai Wen;Xiang Zhang;Yan Huang;Zhanye Chen;Yating Chen;Yuyang Zhou

引用次数: 0

Muscle Control Analysis of Human Walking and Cycling in Speed and Load Variations With Time-Varying Synergy

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486294

Takumi Matsumura;Eiji Inomata;Kyo Kutsuzawa;Dai Owaki;Mitsuhiro Hayashibe

{"title":"Muscle Control Analysis of Human Walking and Cycling in Speed and Load Variations With Time-Varying Synergy","authors":"Takumi Matsumura;Eiji Inomata;Kyo Kutsuzawa;Dai Owaki;Mitsuhiro Hayashibe","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486294","url":null,"abstract":"Walking and cycling are vital motor activities in rehabilitation and athletic training. Its in-depth movement analysis is essential in understanding muscle control because it provides insight into how muscles are coordinated during daily activities. Electromyography (EMG) offers measures regarding multiple muscles’ spatiotemporal activity patterns. However, it is a challenging task to capture small changes in muscle coordination that may occur, especially when the same motion task is given with different mechanical conditions since the overall muscle usage is similar but with minor modulations. The muscle synergy hypothesis, prominent within this domain, proposes that our central nervous system simplifies motor controls by coordinating sets of muscles as cohesive units, addressing the complexity of human movement. While earlier studies illuminated the spatial coordination aspects via spatial synergy, they often overlooked the common temporal dynamics over repeated trials. In our research, we employed time-varying synergy to elucidate distinct spatiotemporal muscle modulations in walking and cycling across a range of speeds and loads. Specifically, we identified two muscle synergy patterns in walking and cycling, each with unique characteristics. Importantly, these muscle synergies exhibited adaptive properties, fine-tuning both the amplitude and temporal onset of synergy activation for speed variation conditions, but not for load conditions. In the case of cycling, the synergy during the extension demonstrated a more important role than the flexion. In addition, there was a striking correlation between synergy attributes and pedaling roughness. The results indicate that pedaling is more efficient for those who can maintain constant timing of synergy application.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"41474-41483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10740594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VID-SLAM: A New Visual Inertial SLAM Algorithm Coupling an RGB-D Camera and IMU Based on Adaptive Point and Line Features

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486556

Chenyang Zhang;Shuo Gu;Xiao Li;Jianghua Deng;Sheng Jin

{"title":"VID-SLAM: A New Visual Inertial SLAM Algorithm Coupling an RGB-D Camera and IMU Based on Adaptive Point and Line Features","authors":"Chenyang Zhang;Shuo Gu;Xiao Li;Jianghua Deng;Sheng Jin","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486556","url":null,"abstract":"The visual-inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (VI-SLAM), which integrates data from monocular or stereo cameras, has garnered significant attention and development. The RGB-D camera, capable of capturing both color and depth images simultaneously, can perceive a comprehensive view of the surroundings. To fully leverage two types of measurement information from the RGB-D camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor for accurate pose estimation, we propose a new VI-SLAM algorithm, VID-SLAM, that effectively couples the RGB-D camera with the IMU. In our proposal, we first develop an adaptive point feature detection approach that rapidly detects and tracks sufficient point features. This approach uses adaptive nonmaximum suppression and the KD-Tree algorithm to ensure a homogeneous distribution of point features. Second, we incorporate line features into the pose estimation module of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm. By screening line features based on the geometric properties of vanishing points, we ensure that the detected lines align with the edges of scene objects as early as possible. Beyond the 2-D reprojection error of line features, we introduce a new error term that leverages the geometric constraints of plane normal vectors formed by matched line features and the optical center of the RGB-D camera; furthermore, we estimate the pose of the RGB-D camera by loosely coupling point-line visual features with IMU preintegration measurements. In the back end of VID-SLAM, we tightly couple the point-line feature error model with the IMU preintegration to jointly optimize the camera pose. Extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrate that our VID-SLAM algorithm achieves robust performance and comparable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"41548-41562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double-Beam Cantilever Probe for Crack Probability Analysis of Multilayer Substrates During Wafer Probing

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486355

F. Tremmel;O. Nagler;C. Kutter;R. Holmer

{"title":"Double-Beam Cantilever Probe for Crack Probability Analysis of Multilayer Substrates During Wafer Probing","authors":"F. Tremmel;O. Nagler;C. Kutter;R. Holmer","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486355","url":null,"abstract":"During wafer testing, small probes are contacting pads on the wafer surface to check the chip functionality and identify faulty dies. To prevent damaging structures underneath, a mechanical load limit needs to be defined. This is done by intentionally overstressing the pads and searching for cracks that appear. A customized test bench with a patented sensor-indenter (SI) system is currently used to perform the contact cycles and identify crack formations in real time using the generated acoustic emissions (AEs). This method is faster and more accurate compared with previous optical detection methods. This article presents an improved version of the SI system usable in a wafer prober, featuring a double-beam cantilever beam with an exchangeable indenter tip. This leads to measurement conditions closer to productive wafer testing, enabling more accurate load limit definitions. The cantilever beam contains a strain gauge Wheatstone bridge for contact force measurement and a piezoelectric sensor element for AE signal detection. Amplifier circuits are designed for both sensors, and a data acquisition (DAQ) system is developed. A prototype of the sensor cantilever combination (SCC) is shown together with simulated and experimental results. The accuracy of the force sensor (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$pm 0.5~{rightarrow }~pm 1.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mN) and the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the AE signals (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$29.1~{rightarrow }~21$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 dB) show only a small decrease compared with the previous SI system. A crack probability analysis of a test specimen confirms the usability of the SCC, as AE crack signals are detected at a similar mechanical load with both sensor setups.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"40295-40304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Composite Coating-Based Heat Flux Sensor for In Situ Heat Flux Monitoring of Hot-End Components

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474923

Chenhe Shao;Fuxin Zhao;Peng Zhang;Ye Qiao;Yanzhang Fu;Yuelong Li;Yingjun Zeng;Lida Xu;Lanlan Li;Gonghan He;Songyue Chen;Daoheng Sun;Qinnan Chen

{"title":"Composite Coating-Based Heat Flux Sensor for In Situ Heat Flux Monitoring of Hot-End Components","authors":"Chenhe Shao;Fuxin Zhao;Peng Zhang;Ye Qiao;Yanzhang Fu;Yuelong Li;Yingjun Zeng;Lida Xu;Lanlan Li;Gonghan He;Songyue Chen;Daoheng Sun;Qinnan Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474923","url":null,"abstract":"The control of thermal energy during the operation of aeroengine turbine blades in extreme environments is crucial for the reliability of the associated equipment. Among the key parameters influencing thermal energy transfer, heat flux density plays a significant role. The development of heat flux sensors on the surface of turbine blades enables real-time measurement of these critical parameters. However, extreme conditions of high temperature and pressure present challenges, such as the tendency for surface coatings on turbine blades to peel off and for insulation properties to degrade. To address these issues, we propose a composite process for the in situ preparation of high-temperature heat flux sensors. The composite gradient coating, applied via plasma spraying, ensures the reliability of the coating and enhances its insulating properties, with the insulation resistance reaching 20 k\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at a high temperature of 1100 °C. Additionally, curved, conformal high-temperature thin-film sensitive layer electrodes and thermal resistive layers are prepared in situ on the coating surface using physical vapor deposition (PVD). This method, characterized by nonintrusive flow and conformality, enables the measurement of heat flux up to 1.9 MW/m2, with a measurement error of less than ±2.5% FS. The proposed approach offers a feasible solution for the real-time monitoring of heat flux density parameters on blade surfaces in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"40431-40438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fingerprint Augmentation Based on Location Information Consistency in Dynamic Environment

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486441

Wen Liu;XuDong Song;ZhongLiang Deng

{"title":"Fingerprint Augmentation Based on Location Information Consistency in Dynamic Environment","authors":"Wen Liu;XuDong Song;ZhongLiang Deng","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486441","url":null,"abstract":"The complex and dynamic structure of the indoor environment poses challenges for high-precision fingerprint localization. Changes in the indoor environment shift the data distribution domain of fingerprint data, leading to differences in data distribution between offline fingerprint databases and online data and reducing positioning accuracy. To address the time-consuming and labor-intensive task of reacquiring the database, we propose a method based on location information consistency for fingerprint data augmentation in dynamic environments. We treat fingerprint data of different changed environments as multiple domains and separate them into the location feature and the spatial feature by an encoder. The location feature represents the same statistical feature in different fingerprint data distributions, which is domain-invariant. The spatial feature corresponds to the unique statistical characteristics and random variations of each data distribution. Then, the generator is utilized to recombine the location feature with randomly sampled spatial features from the target spatial condition domain, generating diverse fingerprint samples of the target spatial conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively expand fingerprint data in dynamic environments and generate diverse outputs.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"42440-42447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human-in-the-Loop Control of a Hip Assistive Exoskeleton Based on Cross-Limb Virtual Force Transfer

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486334

Qiang Li;Qingcong Wu;Haitao Zou;Zihan Xu;Yanghui Zhu;Hongtao Wu

{"title":"Human-in-the-Loop Control of a Hip Assistive Exoskeleton Based on Cross-Limb Virtual Force Transfer","authors":"Qiang Li;Qingcong Wu;Haitao Zou;Zihan Xu;Yanghui Zhu;Hongtao Wu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486334","url":null,"abstract":"In industries where various unavoidable heavy lifting tasks are prevalent, workers are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. It is of great research value to relieve the physical stress of workers at work, reduce the risk of musculoskeletal diseases, and improve the work efficiency of workers. This article introduces a hip joint assistive exoskeleton robot that can provide a maximum assist torque of up to 80 Nm. We propose a human-in-loop control scheme for cross-limb virtual force transfer, with the human as the control leader. The exoskeleton is controlled based on surface electromyography (EMG) signals. The signal is filtered, normalized, and fed into a neural network model to estimate human joint torque. The estimated virtual force is used as the inner loop force control trajectory to assist the user. The assist torque can be adaptively adjusted according to the size of the grabbed heavy object. This solution collects the signals from the upper limbs, controls the exoskeleton to assist the lower limbs, and adjusts the assistance level in real time according to the preferences of user. The experimental results demonstrate that when using exoskeleton assistance, the muscle activity of the thighs of the subjects can be reduced by up to 43.82%.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"42428-42439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sparse Geomagnetic Time-Series Sensing Data Completion Leveraging Improved Tensor Correlated Total Variation

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486313

Huan Liu;Qingsong He;Haobin Dong;Zheng Liu;Xiangyun Hu

{"title":"Sparse Geomagnetic Time-Series Sensing Data Completion Leveraging Improved Tensor Correlated Total Variation","authors":"Huan Liu;Qingsong He;Haobin Dong;Zheng Liu;Xiangyun Hu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486313","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetic field data, a form of spatiotemporal data, holds significant importance in predicting earthquakes and magnetic storms. However, challenges arise due to missing data caused by factors like hardware failures and environmental interferences, hindering further research. In recent years, tensor-based data completion methods have garnered attention due to their ability to capture the inherent nonlinear relationships within data. Driven by the observed high correlation and consistent overall trends in geomagnetic data across different regions, this research endeavors to harness the inherent low-rank and smoothing properties of such data. An innovative approach is introduced, which combines a smoothing prior with a low-rank prior, resulting in the development of an improved tensor correlated total variation (ITCTV)-based method for completing sparse geomagnetic data. Initially, the low-rank and smooth characteristics of geomagnetic data are validated, and sparse geomagnetic tensors are constructed as model inputs, accommodating both fiber and random missing data scenarios. Subsequently, an advanced tensor-related total variation (TV) norm is devised to concurrently capture the low-rank and smooth prior information of the sparse geomagnetic data. An optimized alternating direction multiplier method is then implemented to solve the tensor completion model. Evaluations conducted using synthetic datasets from 13 actual geomagnetic stations reveal that leveraging the physical attributes of geomagnetic data as prior information for analysis significantly enhances data completion, mitigates noise interference, and boosts the accuracy and credibility of earthquake and magnetic storm predictions. Compared to conventional tensor completion techniques like BGCP, FCTN, and PSTNN, the proposed method achieves an average improvement of roughly 20% in completion accuracy for random missing scenarios, and an exceptional improvement exceeding 90% in scenarios involving both random and fiber missing data.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 24","pages":"41484-41495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

sEMG and IMU Data-Based Angle Prediction-Based Model-Free Control Strategy for Exoskeleton-Assisted Rehabilitation

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3486443

Jiandong Han;Haoping Wang;Yang Tian

引用次数: 0