Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma最新文献

{"title":"Approaches to Assessment and Intervention with Children and Young People who have Experienced Child Sexual Abuse: A Review of Reviews.","authors":"Lynne McPherson, Kathomi Gatwiri, Meaghan Vosz, Noel MacNamara, Janise Mitchell, Joe Tucci","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00702-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00702-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper focuses on understandings of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) and best practice approaches in practice contexts to assessment and intervention with children who have experienced abuse. By collating data from existing reviews of literature or scoping reviews to formulate one overarching systematic scoping review, we provide a knowledge synthesis of practices in assessment and interventions into CSA. Utilising a two-phase scoping review method, the screening process resulted in twenty-two reviews for inclusion in this review. As a result of the analysis process, findings were identified across three broad themes: i) the limitations of current knowledge and official data about CSA and low rates of CSA prosecutions; ii) best practice in assessment and intervention; and iii) critical gaps in knowledge on CSA from diverse communities and those experiencing intersectional disadvantage. We conclude that whilst knowledge on CSA is continually emerging, there is limited consensus and significant challenges in the disclosure processes; poor skills in sensitive assessment and limited evidence about systemic responses, including low prosecution rates and poor integration of knowledge into practice; and promising interventions. There is also a critical gap in knowledge about CSA within racially and culturally minoritised groups, and other communities that report intersectional marginalisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"279-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Young Adults in Northern Syria.","authors":"Amani Safwat ElBarazi","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00701-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00701-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a unique and critical context in Northern Syria, a region that has been impacted by protracted conflict and humanitarian crises. Children in this region are at a higher risk of developing both CM and PTSD due to the pervasive displacement, exposure to violence, and socioeconomic instability. These associations are examined in this research, which illuminates the psychological repercussions of adversity in conflict-affected populations. (1) Investigate the prevalence of CM types among young adults exposed to the Syrian conflict; (2) examine the associations between CM exposure and the development of PTSD in young individuals. Syrian people who lives in Northern Syria. Individuals were asked to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5). A total of 508 people filled out the questionnaire. 55% of the participants suffered from PTSD, also, there was a significant prevalence of childhood abuse among Syrian children (93.7%). From most common to least common, the CM among Syrians was physical neglect (99.4%), emotional neglect (98.8%), emotional abuse (83.1%), physical abuse (34.4%), and sexual abuse (16.1%). The findings from the logistic regression analysis indicated that experiencing physical abuse in childhood notably increased the probability of developing PTSD in adulthood (Odds ratio [OR], 0.7; 95% [CI], 0.6-0.8, <i>P</i> <.00). Furthermore, exposure to emotional abuse in childhood significantly increased the probability of developing PTSD in adulthood (Odds ratio [OR], 0.7; 95% [CI], 0.5-0.9, <i>P</i> <.01). Childhood exposure to sexual abuse significantly elevates the risk of developing PTSD in adulthood (Odds ratio [OR], 0.7; 95% [CI], 0.6-0.9, <i>P</i> <.01). Due to the significant incidence of CM and its robust correlation with PTSD in conflict-affected areas such as Northern Syria, urgent targeted treatments are essential. Treatment strategies should incorporate trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and community-based psychosocial support services that are available in humanitarian contexts. Prevention strategies are addressed in the research. One of the study's <b>limitations</b> is that it employs a descriptive cross-sectional design, which does not infer causality. Future research could incorporate longitudinal or experimental designs to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships between variables. Furthermore, the incorporation of qualitative methodologies could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"305-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Peak Team</i>: Survey of Student Strengths and Needs and Teacher's Evaluation of an Innovative Trauma-Informed School Program.","authors":"John R Meurer, Paula Schevers-Lumelsky, Thomas H Chelius, Melissa Murphy, Cody C Hallowell, Brandon Currie","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00664-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-024-00664-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Positive childhood experiences build a sense of belonging and connection and predict school success and wellness. The peak team curriculum creates positive childhood experiences to build resilient mindsets and relationships for youth struggling with toxic stress. The purpose of this study was to survey the strengths and needs of predominantly Black students, grades 4-7, in a public charter school and to evaluate the impact of <i>peak team.</i> This research is crucial due to the high levels of toxic stress faced by these students, which can significantly impact their academic and emotional development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In late 2020 and early 2021, 270 and then 210 students completed a 41-question survey; 25 teachers and school administrators participated in focus groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surveys showed that participating students had pride, optimism, emotional awareness, and caring, supportive families. Most distrusted neighbors who were not helpful, experienced loss from death and incarceration of loved ones, and had been stressed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers and administrators valued the <i>peak team</i> approach and recommended expansion of services. Teachers noted significant improvements in student engagement, emotional regulation, and social interactions, highlighting the program's positive impact on students' behavior and emotional well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surveys of students help to inform school health practice by revealing the strengths of children and their challenges needing attention. The <i>peak team</i> program had a positive impact by improving emotional regulation, fostering supportive relationships, and building resilience. Pride, optimism, emotional awareness, and caring families improve educational success and lifelong wellbeing. Trauma-informed programs teach children how to calm themselves, regulate emotions and behaviors, tap their strengths, and build resiliency to cope.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Cognitive Model of Post-Traumatic Stress to Examine the Role of Appraisals, Trauma Memory, and Coping Strategies Following Pediatric Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jamie Patronick, Kelly R Molloy, Sabrina J Bothwell, Shari L Wade","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00695-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00695-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a traumatic injury, 25-57% of children will develop clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder posits that PTSS develop based on the encoding of trauma memories and the individual's appraisals of the event and its sequelae. In addition, the behaviors and cognitive strategies used to cope with distress are proposed to serve as causal and maintaining factors for PTSS. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and summarize the role of psychological processing factors, including cognitive appraisals, trauma memory, and coping styles, on the development of PTSS in children following injury. Systematic searches were conducted in May 2024 for articles published at any time in PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and PTSDpubs databases. Included articles analyzed the association between cognitive appraisals, trauma memories, and/or coping strategies and PTSS in children (ages 5-18) who received medical treatment for a single-incident traumatic injury. Data were extracted related to study and sample characteristics, measures, and findings regarding the association between psychological processes and PTSS. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The titles and abstracts of 836 articles were screened, and 105 full text articles were reviewed, resulting in 34 eligible articles. Articles were rated as being of \"good\" (44%) or \"fair\" (56%) quality. Studies examined cognitive appraisals (<i>n</i> = 18), trauma memory characteristics (<i>n</i> = 15), and coping strategies (<i>n</i> = 13). Several factors were associated with PTSS, including maladaptive cognitive appraisals, guilt, avoidant coping, and decreased cohesion, accuracy, and context in the trauma narrative. This review provides support for the cognitive model of PTSS when applied to pediatric injury populations. Limitations of the current literature are noted, including lack of evidence of temporal associations and relationships between variables in the cognitive model. Findings can be used to identify cognitive-behavioral treatment targets and ascertain the ideal timing for screening and preventative interventions.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-025-00695-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"331-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of a Psychoeducational Program on Self-Disclosure, Posttraumatic Growth and Resilience for Adolescents.","authors":"Amber Efthemiou, Taylor Elam, Paxton Hicks, Kanako Taku","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00694-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00694-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents experience various life events. Among them, some negative life events may give an opportunity for adolescents to experience personal growth, potentially known as posttraumatic growth (PTG), through processes such as receiving psychological education or sharing one's experiences with someone. The current study aimed to examine the short-term effects of a psychoeducational program and the role of self-disclosure in PTG and resilience. Adolescents (<i>M</i>age = 16.91, <i>SD</i> = 0.73) were randomly assigned into one of two conditions. Participants in the psychoeducational condition discussed various examples and key factors of PTG whereas participants in the control group discussed the general topics of psychology. Three weeks later, they completed questions assessing self-disclosure (i.e., if they had spoken to anyone about the event they experienced), PTG, and resilience, if they reported that they experienced an impactful, negative life event (e.g., verbal aggression) that involved hurting someone, during the past three weeks (<i>N</i> = 194; 138 females, 56 males). Results indicated that neither PTG nor resilience differed by conditions. Additionally, regardless of conditions, those who spoke about the event reported higher PTG but not resilience than those who did not. Our findings demonstrate that while the psychoeducational program did not have an immediate effect on PTG or resilience, speaking to someone about their event was associated with higher PTG. The lack of intervention effects could be due to the brevity of the program as well as the unique focus of negative life event (i.e., the idea of hurting others could lead to an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth). The current research has implications for adolescent trauma-informed care for clinicians and educators, highlighting the important role of self-disclosure, as well as the limited impact of brief psychoeducational programs when the outcome was centered on PTG and resilience. Future studies should refine both program assessments and interventions for adolescents who intentionally or unintentionally have hurt others and consider the mechanisms behind the significant roles of self-disclosure on PTG and resilience within trauma-informed care for adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Screening in Primary Care Settings for Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Betül Küçükardalı-Cansever, Angela Lamson, Natalia Sira, Stephanie Ann Bridgland, Sheena Eagan, Erin Roberts","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00691-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00691-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substantial evidence links ACE scores with adult health complications, emphasizing the significance of enhanced detection, interpretation, and management of ACEs in primary care settings for adults. This systematic review aims to explore existing ACE screening and post-screening practices for adult patients in primary care settings worldwide via a thorough systematic review, including a search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. Out of an initial 883 potential articles from two independent reviewers, 53 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in the US (71.7%). Globally, 83% of the ACE screening studies indicated that ACES were screened specifically for research purposes, while the remaining 17% covered quality improvement, trauma-informed care interventions, and routine screenings in healthcare settings. This review delves into various intricacies of ACEs screening, the professional roles involved in the screening process, the location where the screening was conducted, prior training on ACEs for the screening implementers, and subsequent actions like interventions, referrals, and resource allocation. Despite growing awareness of the long-term effects of ACEs, a gap exists between ACEs research and related clinical practices in primary care. Additionally, there is no consensus on how to utilize ACEs screening in primary care and which ACE scores necessitate indicated interventions. Implications focus on the collaborative health use of ACEs screenings in primary care.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-025-00691-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"377-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adults' Physical Intimate Partner Violence Victimization.","authors":"Angela M Kaufman-Parks, Monica A Longmore, Wendy D Manning, Peggy C Giordano","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00690-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00690-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet few studies have considered a broad range of concurrent risk factors for relationship violence in their analysis. This study used two waves of data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), collected in 2001 and 2018-2020, to assess the cumulative effects of ACEs reported on during adolescence on physical IPV victimization 17 years later in adulthood among 855 respondents (369 men and 486 women), while also accounting for proximal risk factors. Results from logistic regression analyses revealed that the number of childhood adversities experienced significantly influenced physical IPV victimization, accounting for proximal risks. Both respondents' and partners' sociodemographic characteristics and histories of violence with previous partners were also significant correlates, as were respondents' psychological correlates and partners' substance use. We conclude that childhood adversity is significantly correlated with being physically victimized by a romantic partner in adulthood, even when more proximal risk factors for relationship violence are considered. Implications for practitioners working with individuals who have experienced partner violence are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"423-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Avoidant Emotion-Focused Coping and being a Woman with Adverse Childhood Experiences as the Worst-Case Scenario for Internalising Problems.","authors":"Aitana Gomis-Pomares, Laura Lacomba-Trejo, Lidón Villanueva","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00688-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00688-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) bring an increased risk for the development of internalising outcomes. Nevertheless, how the cumulative effect of ACEs combines with other variables, such as coping strategies, to give rise to internalising problems has been little studied so far. Therefore, the current study investigates which specific combinations of total ACEs, coping strategies, and sociodemographic variables influence depression, anxiety, and stress. To this end, 420 young Spanish adults (63% women) 18-20 years old (mean age = 18.92; <i>SD</i> = 0.77) participated in the study. Participants answered sociodemographic questions and completed the ACEs Questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Brief Coping Scale. Both fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and regression models suggested that the cumulative impact of ACEs, in combination with avoidant emotion-focused coping, may conduce internalising problems in women. These findings could serve as a basis for interventions aimed at the primary screening of populations more sensitive to the development of internalising problems as well as in the re-education of adaptive coping strategies in those who have suffered ACEs, in order to avoid more severe long-term problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"319-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization and Psychometrics of the \"Good/Bad Touch Questionnaire (GBT)\" in Preschool Children: Persian Version.","authors":"Elham Sahraei Heroabad, Firoozeh Asadzadeh, Amirhossein Maghari, Nasrin Homayounfar, Leila Reisy","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00689-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00689-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood, often associated with various forms of harassment, requires a tool to assess children's ability to recognize abuse. This study was conducted with the aim of localizing and evaluating the psychometrics of the Good/Bad Touch Questionnaire (GBT) in preschool children. This study conducted as a cross-sectional design, utilizing the multi-stage sampling method to select 82 preschool children from Ardabil city in the year 2023. Data collection was conducted using the GBT questionnaire. Initially, the questionnaire underwent translation, and for each question, individual calculations were made for the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through internal and external consistency methods, in addition to the retest method, employing the Kuder-Richardson index (KR-21). The study participants had an average age of 5.74 ± 0.42 years. The CVR index exceeded the minimum acceptable level, as per Lawshe Table (0.42). The overall CVI index reached 0.901, surpassing the minimum acceptable value (0.79), indicating the appropriateness of the questions' content. Moreover, the entire questionnaire demonstrated reliability (<i>r</i> = 0.256, <i>P</i> = 0.151), and the Cod Richardson 21 coefficient at the study's onset and conclusion were 0.726 and 0.844, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the GBT questionnaire, meeting the minimum acceptable value of CVR and yielding favorable results in the CVI index, is a valid and reliable tool for assessing children's ability to recognize inappropriate touches. The confirmation of both quantitative and qualitative content validity, along with form validity and questionnaire reliability, strengthens the robustness of the tool in its intended purpose.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-025-00689-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"439-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Epidemiological Investigation of Inter-Developmental, Biopsychosocial Impairment among Children and Adolescents in Foster Care.","authors":"Michael Tarren-Sweeney, Kenneth Patrick Nunn","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00692-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-025-00692-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early exposure to chronic maltreatment and other biopsychosocial adversities accounts for high prevalence of developmental impairments among children residing in foster care and other types of statutory out-of-home care (OOHC), including: complex, trait-like mental health difficulties; intellectual disability (ID); and speech and language difficulties (SLD). However, little is known about the characteristics and prevalence of co-occurring mental health difficulties and developmental disabilities among this population - which we refer to as <i>inter-developmental impairment.</i> The present article reports findings from epidemiological surveys of pre-adolescent school-aged children (<i>N</i> = 347) and adolescents (<i>N</i> = 230) residing in foster and kinship care in New South Wales, Australia. Mental health was measured from caregiver-reported Child Behavior Checklist and Assessment Checklist for Children / Assessment Checklist for Adolescents scores; and ID and SLD were reported in a caregiver questionnaire. The proportions of children and adolescents with caregiver-reported ID were 22.5% (78/347) and 30.0% (69/230) respectively, while the proportions with SLD were 21.6% (75/347) and 15.7% (36/230) respectively. While mental health case rates were high among the aggregate child (67%) and adolescent (60%) samples, those with ID and/or SLD were considerably more likely to have clinical-level mental health difficulties compared to those without ID or SLD, with odds ratios ranging from 1.9 to 6.5. The prevalence of inter-developmental impairment (defined as having ID <i>and/or</i> SLD, as well as mental health caseness) among the child and adolescent samples was 23.9% and 28.7% respectively. Children and adolescents with inter-developmental impairment on average had with more complex symptomatology than did mental health cases without reported developmental difficulties. The article discusses mechanisms accounting for inter-developmental impairment among formerly maltreated children residing in foster care, and implications for clinical services.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 2","pages":"395-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}