Jacopo Tracchegiani, Andrea Fontana, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Nicola Carone
{"title":"童年虐待和防御的概况:与成年初期人格功能的关系。","authors":"Jacopo Tracchegiani, Andrea Fontana, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Nicola Carone","doi":"10.1007/s40653-025-00710-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood maltreatment and maladaptive emotion regulation processes are two interrelated risk factors for impaired personality functioning in emerging adults. However, the impact of the co-occurrence of different childhood maltreatment experiences and maladaptive defensive functioning on personality functioning remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of maltreatment and defenses while examining their association with self- and interpersonal personality functioning impairments. A community sample of 1,315 cisgender emerging adults (<i>M</i> <sub><i>age</i></sub> = 24.33, <i>SD</i> = 2.75; 75.06% assigned female at birth; 76.43% heterosexual) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30), and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF). Latent profile analysis suggested two profiles: <i>High-Trauma/Maladaptive Defenses</i> (HT/MD) and <i>Low-Trauma/Adaptive Defenses</i> (LT/AD). The first profile was characterized by higher exposure to childhood maltreatment and greater reliance on maladaptive defenses, while the second profile exhibited lower maltreatment exposure and greater reliance on adaptive defenses. Additionally, individuals in the HT/MD profile reported significantly greater impairments in self- and interpersonal personality functioning compared to those in the LT/AD group. These findings suggest that co-occurrence of maltreatment is linked to higher maladaptive defenses, underscoring their impact on personality functioning impairments. Clinically, interventions targeting defensive functioning may help maltreated emerging adults develop healthier self- and interpersonal functioning, facilitating their adaptation to adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"18 3","pages":"653-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433429/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Profiles of Childhood Maltreatment and Defenses: Associations with Personality Functioning in Emerging Adulthood.\",\"authors\":\"Jacopo Tracchegiani, Andrea Fontana, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Nicola Carone\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40653-025-00710-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Childhood maltreatment and maladaptive emotion regulation processes are two interrelated risk factors for impaired personality functioning in emerging adults. However, the impact of the co-occurrence of different childhood maltreatment experiences and maladaptive defensive functioning on personality functioning remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of maltreatment and defenses while examining their association with self- and interpersonal personality functioning impairments. A community sample of 1,315 cisgender emerging adults (<i>M</i> <sub><i>age</i></sub> = 24.33, <i>SD</i> = 2.75; 75.06% assigned female at birth; 76.43% heterosexual) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30), and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF). Latent profile analysis suggested two profiles: <i>High-Trauma/Maladaptive Defenses</i> (HT/MD) and <i>Low-Trauma/Adaptive Defenses</i> (LT/AD). The first profile was characterized by higher exposure to childhood maltreatment and greater reliance on maladaptive defenses, while the second profile exhibited lower maltreatment exposure and greater reliance on adaptive defenses. Additionally, individuals in the HT/MD profile reported significantly greater impairments in self- and interpersonal personality functioning compared to those in the LT/AD group. These findings suggest that co-occurrence of maltreatment is linked to higher maladaptive defenses, underscoring their impact on personality functioning impairments. Clinically, interventions targeting defensive functioning may help maltreated emerging adults develop healthier self- and interpersonal functioning, facilitating their adaptation to adulthood.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":44763,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma\",\"volume\":\"18 3\",\"pages\":\"653-667\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433429/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-025-00710-4\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/9/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"FAMILY STUDIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-025-00710-4","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/9/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FAMILY STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Profiles of Childhood Maltreatment and Defenses: Associations with Personality Functioning in Emerging Adulthood.
Childhood maltreatment and maladaptive emotion regulation processes are two interrelated risk factors for impaired personality functioning in emerging adults. However, the impact of the co-occurrence of different childhood maltreatment experiences and maladaptive defensive functioning on personality functioning remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of maltreatment and defenses while examining their association with self- and interpersonal personality functioning impairments. A community sample of 1,315 cisgender emerging adults (Mage = 24.33, SD = 2.75; 75.06% assigned female at birth; 76.43% heterosexual) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30), and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF). Latent profile analysis suggested two profiles: High-Trauma/Maladaptive Defenses (HT/MD) and Low-Trauma/Adaptive Defenses (LT/AD). The first profile was characterized by higher exposure to childhood maltreatment and greater reliance on maladaptive defenses, while the second profile exhibited lower maltreatment exposure and greater reliance on adaptive defenses. Additionally, individuals in the HT/MD profile reported significantly greater impairments in self- and interpersonal personality functioning compared to those in the LT/AD group. These findings suggest that co-occurrence of maltreatment is linked to higher maladaptive defenses, underscoring their impact on personality functioning impairments. Clinically, interventions targeting defensive functioning may help maltreated emerging adults develop healthier self- and interpersonal functioning, facilitating their adaptation to adulthood.
期刊介绍:
Underpinned by a biopsychosocial approach, the Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma presents original research and prevention and treatment strategies for understanding and dealing with symptoms and disorders related to the psychological effects of trauma experienced by children and adolescents during childhood and where the impact of these experiences continues into adulthood. The journal also examines intervention models directed toward the individual, family, and community, new theoretical models and approaches, and public policy proposals and innovations. In addition, the journal promotes rigorous investigation and debate on the human capacity for agency, resilience and longer-term healing in the face of child and adolescent trauma. With a multidisciplinary approach that draws input from the psychological, medical, social work, sociological, public health, legal and education fields, the journal features research, intervention approaches and evidence-based programs, theoretical articles, specific review articles, brief reports and case studies, and commentaries on current and/or controversial topics. The journal also encourages submissions from less heard voices, for example in terms of geography, minority status or service user perspectives.
Among the topics examined in the Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma:
The effects of childhood maltreatment
Loss, natural disasters, and political conflict
Exposure to or victimization from family or community violence
Racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation or class discrimination
Physical injury, diseases, and painful or debilitating medical treatments
The impact of poverty, social deprivation and inequality
Barriers and facilitators on pathways to recovery
The Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma is an important resource for practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and academics whose work is centered on children exposed to traumatic events and adults exposed to traumatic events as children.