Asian Politics & Policy最新文献

{"title":"Examining Wildlife Safeguards for Linear Infrastructure Development in India: Bridging Policy and Practice Gaps","authors":"Yanmei Lin,&nbsp;Fizza Zaidi","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>高速公路、铁路和输电线等线性基础设施项目正在亚洲各地迅速扩张, 对生物多样性构成重大威胁。本研究在印度线性基础设施的法律监管框架情境下, 分析了野生动物保护方面的政策与实践差距。本研究运用法律和政策研究, 分析了环境法律、政策和法院案例。研究结果表明, 尽管印度拥有包括强制性环境许可在内的强有力监管框架, 但在实施、监测和执法方面仍然存在差距。巴格万马哈维尔国家公园和查尔达姆高速公路项目等案例研究表明, 司法干预在解决不合规问题和执行野生动物友好型措施方面发挥着关键作用。本文强调, 需要建立一个更加透明和参与性的过程, 加强法律框架, 进行全面的环境影响评估, 并加强当地社区的参与。这些建议为“弥合政策与实践差距以及促进亚洲生物多样性友好型基础设施建设”提供了切实可行的见解。</p>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rules-Based International Order Under Siege","authors":"Aries A. Arugay","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The rules-based international order (RBIO), a by-product of post-World War II multilateralism and post-Cold War liberal triumphalism, is now experiencing its most severe stress test since its inception. The global normative framework that once fostered free trade, peace, stability, and international cooperation has been steadily eroded by revisionist states and now further weakened by the return of Donald Trump to the White House. Trump 2.0 has already begun to realign US foreign policy away from liberal internationalism and toward a more unilateral, transactional, and sovereignty-centered approach. In Asia, the implications are far-reaching, as regional actors recalibrate their strategic positions in response to both an increasingly contested RBIO and a disruptive United States.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, Asian states are not passively observing the RBIO's decay but are actively navigating its transformation—some by defending its core principles, others by subtly revising it, and many by hedging, adapting, or accommodating based on shifting power realities. The result is a contested and pluralized regional order, where liberal norms coexist uneasily with realist calculations and authoritarian tendencies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The People's Republic of China continues to lead the charge against the universality of the liberal international order. While Beijing remains rhetorically committed to international law and multilateral institutions, its actions reveal a preference for a hierarchical, sovereignty-centered, and Sinocentric order. In the maritime domain, China has ignored the 2016 Arbitral Award in favor of the Philippines and continues aggressive expansionism in the South China Sea. In the technological and economic arenas, it promotes decoupled, state-dominated ecosystems that challenge open markets and regulatory transparency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russia, although geographically peripheral to the Indo-Pacific, plays a supportive role in this revisionist axis. The ongoing war in Ukraine and Russia's deepening strategic alignment with China signal a broader ideological defiance of the West-led order. Their growing coordination—including joint military exercises in East Asia—adds to regional anxiety about a possible “authoritarian entente” that undermines democratic norms and international law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compounding these challenges is the current posture of the United States under President Donald Trump. Trump's return to power has reintroduced a foreign policy style marked by isolationism, transactionalism, and a deep skepticism toward traditional allies and multilateral institutions. His administration has already begun scaling back commitments to NATO, de-emphasizing democratic promotion abroad, and signaling discomfort with long-standing security arrangements in Asia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Indo-Pacific, Trump 2.0 has led to renewed uncertainty over US extended deterrence, especially regarding North Korea, Taiwan, and the South China Sea. His administration's growing focus on bilateral dea","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aspp.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsuming Chinese Business Elites Into the Party's Fold: The Subtle Strategies of the United Front Work Department","authors":"Zhu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How does an authoritarian regime incorporate economic elites during market transitions while retaining political control? This article analyzes the strategies of China's United Front Work Department (UFWD) in politically integrating private business elites amid the shift to a socialist market economy. Based on 56 in-depth interviews and a biographical data set of the top 500 Chinese billionaires, the study shows how the UFWD acts as an adaptive institutional mechanism—deploying recognition, intermediaries, appointments, and training—to embed entrepreneurs into Party-sanctioned roles. The findings reveal a structured co-optation process rooted in utility, loyalty, and representativeness, enabling the CCP to leverage elite resources while minimizing political risk. By illuminating how the Party incorporates powerful actors without relinquishing control, the paper contributes to broader debates on authoritarian resilience, elite co-optation, and institutional adaptation under nondemocratic regimes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Black Hole of Centralization: Subnational Emergency Invocations During the Tenures of Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi","authors":"Panch Rishi Dev Sharma","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The constitutional provision of “Subnational Emergency” under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, 1950, extraordinarily empowers the central (union) government to acquire executive and legislative powers of the states (subnational units) on the occurrence of an undefined and largely unrestrained state of “constitutional machinery failure” emergency. Since 1950, central governments have imposed 121 subnational emergency invocations covering almost all Indian states at least once. The oft-abused subnational emergency power has generated a black hole of centralization overpowering the gravity of federalism, constitutionalism, and democracy in India. The frequency of subnational emergency invocations reaches its zenith during the regimes of single-party personality-dominated central governments. The article comparatively explores two of the most prominent tenures of single-party personality-dominated central governments under Indira Gandhi (1967–1977, 1980–1984) and Narendra Modi (2014–2024) regarding the grounds, manner, justifications, and state of restraints on subnational emergency power.</p>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aspp.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Indo-Pacific” Order: A Southeast Asian Perspective","authors":"M.L. Pinitbhand Paribatra","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Situated in the literature on “Global IR” and how smaller states navigate the great power rivalries, this article examines Southeast Asia's engagement with emerging international orders, particularly within the “Indo-Pacific” framework, and explores how structural constraints interact with agency. Based on qualitative documentary research analyzing selected scholarship from academics based in the region, this paper identifies two key contributions to the Southeast Asian scholarship in Global IR. First, the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) exemplifies the region's ability to incorporate a normative identity with pragmatic engagement; hereby, highlighting the region's methods for constructing agency through both material and ideational factors. Second, the AOIP acknowledges the region's position within a fluid international system, where weaker states may leverage structural advantages and utilize individual and institutional mechanisms to maneuver regional and global orders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of From Development to Democracy: The Transformations of Modern Asia","authors":"William J. Jones","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Economics: Political Identity and the Future of Cross-Strait Relations","authors":"Ignacio Vicuña Betancourt,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Sims,&nbsp;Brice Tseen Fu Lee,&nbsp;Yun-Tso Lee","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores the intricate dynamics of cross-Strait relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan, focusing on the interplay of political cooperation, national identity, and economic interdependence in the unification process. Through content analysis and Key Word in Context (KWIC) methodologies, it examines political discourse from Taiwan's presidential speeches (1996–2023), China's White Papers (1993, 2000, and 2022), and Chinese Communist Party National Congress Reports (1997–2022). The findings reveal that although economic interdependence stabilizes cross-Strait relations, it cannot resolve the challenges of conflicting identities and limited political cooperation. Taiwan's growing emphasis on autonomy contrasts with China's sovereignty claims and unification strategies, complicated further by US geopolitical influence. The study concludes that without a shared political and identity framework, economic ties alone cannot achieve unification, challenging integration theories such as neofunctionalism. This highlights identity and cooperation as critical obstacles in cross-Strait relations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolonizing Environmental Politics: Relationality and Cosmopraxis in the Sundarbans Region, Bangladesh","authors":"Abhishek Choudhary","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper seeks to bridge the gap between environmental policy formulation and actual practices of the Sundarbans region in Bangladesh through a metatheoretical intervention within a decolonial framework. <i>Ontologically</i>, it foregrounds relationality and examines the implication of such ontological position. <i>Epistemologically</i>, the paper advocates standpoint epistemologies. With an effort to decolonize environmental governance, the paper specifically focusses on the epistemic erasures of traditional resource users in the Sundarbans. It engages with the ways in which specific communities engage with the mangrove forest ecosystem. <i>Methodologically</i>, the paper borrows the framework of Hybrid/Plural Climate Studies and Cosmopraxis. Cosmopraxis has the potential of countering epistemic erasures done by modernity and colonization of the lifeworld. <i>Empirically</i>, the paper examines the case of select communities in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh where their reciprocal and relational engagement with the nature goes beyond spirituality and shows an implicit presence of cosmopraxis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private Revolutions: Four Women Face China's New Social Order, By \u0000 , Yuan Yang, Norfolk, US: Viking, 2024. 304 pp. $30. ISBN: 978-0-593-49390-8.","authors":"Doris Anderson","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Applications and Implications of Artificial Intelligence in North Korea","authors":"Andrew Shin","doi":"10.1111/aspp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through deep learning, is reshaping national security and governance worldwide. Even resource-constrained states like North Korea are leveraging these technologies to enhance control and project influence. This paper examines North Korea's adoption of AI, highlighting how deep learning has enabled more direct and impactful applications than earlier approaches. While North Korea's AI research dates back to the 1990s, recent developments have empowered the regime to use AI for strategic purposes such as counterfeit identity generation and facial recognition-based surveillance. The paper explores the security risks posed by these applications, the regime's motivations, and the limitations it faces due to restricted access to hardware and data. It also considers potential international responses to mitigate these threats. By focusing on North Korea, this analysis contributes to broader discussions on the role of AI in authoritarian resilience and the shifting landscape of global security.</p>","PeriodicalId":44747,"journal":{"name":"Asian Politics & Policy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aspp.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}