Journal of Public Health in Africa最新文献

{"title":"Measles and rubella seropositivity among suspected measles cases in northwestern region of Nigeria.","authors":"Mohammed I Tahir, Oluwafemi T Ige, Abdurrahman E Ahmad, Zainab L Tanko, Elisha Peter, Zakari Jibrin, Fatima A Chiroma, Georgina N Odaibo, Maryam Aminu","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1354","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Measles is a highly contagious and vaccine-preventable viral disease that results from infection with measles virus. The clinical picture of measles may resemble rubella and other viral exanthems (fever-rash disease).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the measles seropositivity rate among suspected measles cases and evidence of rubella among measles seronegative cases in the seven states of northwestern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The data were generated from the Medical Laboratory of Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital Kaduna. The laboratory receives samples from Disease Notification and Surveillance officers of local governments of the seven states of northwestern Nigerian.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was cross-sectional where secondary data of measles case-based surveillance were analysed. The study population comprised of individuals with suspected measles infection living in the seven states of northwestern Nigerian.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 3090 samples tested for measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, 1553 (50.3%) tested positive, while 1537 (49.7%) tested negative. Among the negative cases, 1521 were further tested for rubella IgM antibodies, with 157 (10.3%) testing positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This high measles seropositivity is concerning considering the ease of access to measles vaccines available at every primary, secondary and even tertiary health facilities spread across northwestern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study reveals that measles virus circulates with high endemicity in the region, with 50.3% serologically confirmed cases among samples from persons suspected to have measles sent for testing. Additionally, 10.3% of individuals suspected having measles but tested negative were found to test positive for rubella.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening school health in Namibia: A framework for policy development, implementation and evaluation.","authors":"Ndasilohenda Katangolo-Nakashwa, Faniswa Honest Mfidi, Kabwebwe Honoré Mitonga","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1584","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schools in rural Namibia face severe health challenges (malnutrition, infectious diseases, poor sanitation), leading to high learner absenteeism and poor academic performance. Current school health policies are often fragmented and insufficient to address these issues comprehensively.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop an evidence-based, contextually relevant conceptual framework to enhance school health policies in Namibia and similar resource-limited Southern African settings.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The problem context is rural areas across Southern Africa. The resulting framework is specifically tailored for implementation in Namibia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a convergent mixed-methods design. A systematic review (following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines) synthesised evidence on African school health policy. Qualitative data were collected through 15 key informant interviews and 3 focus groups (<i>n</i> = 30) with key stakeholders, including educators, healthcare professionals and community members, using purposive sampling and thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study developed a conceptual framework for Namibia. It integrates key components: evidence-based policy development, equitable resource allocation, capacity building and robust monitoring and evaluation. The framework emphasises stakeholder collaboration and addresses specific rural challenges, such as infrastructure gaps and inconsistent implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed framework provides an evidence-based, contextually relevant approach to significantly improve school health policies in Namibia. It directly addresses the unique challenges of resource-limited Southern African settings.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The framework fills a crucial policy gap and offers a differentiated model focused on improving learners' health and educational outcomes, moving beyond generic global approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood ultraviolet exposure and skin cancer prevention: A call for change in national policy in South Africa.","authors":"Magrietha Swart","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1895","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer incidence is rising both globally and in South Africa, and evidence shows that sunburns in childhood significantly affect the risk of developing melanoma in later life. Sun protection in childhood remains an underutilised avenue for preventive medicine in South Africa. In contrast to South Africa, countries like Australia have implemented numerous state and national sun programmes that have shown significant success, with declining melanoma rates in younger populations. South Africa observes annual skin cancer awareness campaigns but lacks a comprehensive, national school sun protection policy, and such policies are seldom implemented at school level. It is suggested that healthcare professionals engage in sun protection advocacy nationally. This includes patient education, targeted counselling for adolescents, engagement with communities and schools and the incorporation of routine skin examination into consultations and targeted screening of high-risk individuals. Reducing ultraviolet light exposure in the paediatric population offers a cost-effective and practical way to alleviate the burden of skin cancer in the coming decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Banana Flour Porridge Supplementation Initiative in a Mozambican Primary School: A pilot descriptive study.","authors":"José Braz Chidassicua, António Titosse, Amílcar Magaço, Reginalda Mondlane, Edson Mambuque, Maria Patrícia Gonçalves, Réka Maulide Cane","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1749","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child malnutrition remains a significant public health challenge in Mozambique, particularly in food-insecure rural communities. Locally available and culturally accepted foods may contribute to strengthening school feeding strategies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This pilot study described the nutritional status of schoolchildren in a Banana Flour Porridge Supplementation Initiative and assessed the feasibility of implementing and monitoring it in a public-school setting.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted in a rural primary school in Ka Tembe District, Maputo Province, Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive pilot study was conducted among 65 children aged 6-14 years. All participants received banana flour porridge daily for 30 days. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index [BMI]) were collected at baseline, day 15 and day 30. A structured questionnaire assessed dietary habits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, most children had adequate nutritional status, with low consumption of dairy and fortified foods, suggesting potential micronutrient gaps. During the 30-day supplementation period, the proportion of children classified as having an adequate BMI increased from 62.5% to 84.4% (aged 6-9 years) and from 57.6% to 87.9% (aged 10-14 years). These are descriptive observations. No adverse effects were reported. The initiative was easily integrated into the school routine and well accepted by students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Banana flour porridge supplementation is operationally feasible and acceptable in a school setting. Findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This pilot provides early insights into the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating banana flour porridge into school feeding programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ebola disease outbreak caused by Bundibugyo virus in Africa: A defining moment for Africa's health security and sovereignty.","authors":"Yap Boum, Nebiyu Dereje, Kyeng Mercy, Mosoka Fallah, Merawi Aragaw, Landry Tsague, Raji Tajudeen, Shanelle Hall, Ngashi Ngongo, Jean Kaseya","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.2069","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.2069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"2069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis and tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus in post-conflict West Africa: Lessons for integrated surveillance from 2000 to 2022.","authors":"John Kwame Duah","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1700","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-conflict health systems experienced surveillance and delivery challenges that hindered tuberculosis (TB) and TB-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control. Recent evidence shows that fragile and conflict-affected health systems still lack integrated TB-HIV services, routine testing, and reliable data, delaying lower incidence rates even as case detection rises.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined TB and TB-HIV dynamics in Liberia and Sierra Leone to identify practice-oriented lessons for integrated surveillance and system resilience.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Study was conducted on data from Liberia and Sierra Leone, 2000-2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-country annual panel was assembled from World Health Organisation (WHO) TB indicators, World Bank gross domestic product (GDP) and health expenditure per capita, and conflict events. Primary estimation used two-way fixed effects with Driscoll-Kraay inference, and robustness checks used linear mixed-effects and ordinary least squares (OLS) with Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimator, type 3 (HC3). A 2016-2022 subset assessed TB-HIV testing coverage. Effect sizes with Driscoll-Kraay 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were emphasised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across specifications, higher GDP per capita was consistently associated with lower TB incidence. Tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infection indicators showed varied associations. In 2016-2022, TB-HIV testing coverage was positively associated with TB incidence, suggesting that expanded testing may increase detection before incidence declines. Health expenditure per capita was similarly positively associated with incidence in 2016-2022, consistent with higher spending during periods of increased case detection. Results were robust across alternative estimators, and standard collinearity diagnostics did not indicate problematic multicollinearity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In post-conflict settings, strengthening economic capacity, integrating TB-HIV services, and improving surveillance quality were foundational for sustained TB control. Short-run increases in detected cases should be anticipated as testing expands. Programme resources, integration, and data systems were needed to convert detection gains into incidence reduction.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study identified practice-oriented lessons for integrated surveillance and system resilience in post-conflict settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern contraceptive use, associated factors and reasons for non-use among young lactating mothers in the context of free family planning services in the Kaya municipality setting, Burkina Faso.","authors":"Abou Coulibaly, Adama Baguiya, Jeoffray Diendéré, Franck Garanet, Halima Tougri, Denise Kpebo, Seni Kouanda","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1661","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite all the benefits of family planning (FP), African countries still have low contraceptive use and very high fertility rates.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To measure modern contraceptive use among young lactating mothers in the context of the free contraceptive policy in the Kaya municipality setting.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted in the Kaya municipality, in the Koulsé region, Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a secondary data analysis of the Kaya Demographic and Health Surveillance System data collected in the households between May 2022 and October 2022 (cross-sectional study). The dependent variable was the use of a modern contraceptive method (binary). Modified Poisson regression was used to identify associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among young lactating mothers was 53.9% (<i>n</i> = 536/995), with 41.4% using implants, followed by male condoms (38.2%), injectables (14.6%) and pills (5.4%). Modern contraceptive use was significantly higher among women who discussed FP with their spouses (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.8, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and among women who had ever used modern contraceptives before the last pregnancy (aPR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6-2.4, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, women in the rich quintile (aPR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and the richest quintile (aPR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1, <i>p</i> = 0.014) were more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the poorest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among young lactating mothers in Kaya is relatively high, with some modifiable factors that still explain contraceptive use.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study documented evidence on contraceptive use among young lactating mothers under Burkina Faso's free FP policy, highlighting equity gaps and actionable levers (communication between couples, prior exposure and men's involvement).</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of measles elimination in Côte d'Ivoire by 2030.","authors":"Kouadio D Ekra, Calixte H H Guehi, Eric M Ahoussou, Guillaume Okoubo","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1703","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The WHO African Region Strategic Plan for Immunisation 2021-2030 aims to eliminate measles in at least 80% of countries by 2030. What could the situation in Côte d'Ivoire be like?</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To predict the incidence of measles by 2030.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Côte d'Ivoire, a country in West Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National routine measles surveillance data were analysed using seasonal time series models. Stationarity was assessed using standard unit root tests, and seasonality was addressed through appropriate differentiation. Structural breaks were examined using break and stability tests, which identified a major break around 2020. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model incorporating an intervention variable was adjusted to account for this change. Model performance was evaluated using cross-validation and compared to a naive seasonal benchmark. Projections were generated through 2030. The annual incidence per 1 000 000 population was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant structural break around 2020 was identified. Projections show a slight downward trend in incidence for the overall population. However, among children, an increase in incidence from 146 to 164 by 2030 was observed. During cross-validation, the ARIMA model with intervention did not outperform the naive seasonal benchmark for short-term forecasts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By 2030, Côte d'Ivoire will not have eliminated measles, with a high incidence among children. Sustained high vaccination coverage, strengthened surveillance, and scenario-based planning remain critical to achieving measles elimination.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study guides decision-makers on the prospects and the necessity of adopting innovative strategies aimed at eliminating measles.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of care and health insurance uptake in Namibia.","authors":"Nigel James, Yubraj Acharya, Ndilimeke Jc Nashandi, Stephen A Matthews, Yosef Bodovski","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1431","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite efforts to expand health insurance in low- and middle-income countries, uptake remains low. Poor quality of care, especially in public facilities, is often cited as a barrier to health insurance enrolment but limited empirical evidence exists.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We examine whether the quality of antenatal care (ANC) influences women's enrolment in health insurance programmes in Namibia.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>In Namibia, insurance uptake is modest but growing, and health facility density and ANC quality vary regionally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We link Namibia's 2009 Service Provision Assessment (SPA), a census of all health facilities, with the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Using geospatial data, we construct a cluster-level ANC quality index covering structural readiness, process adherence and client experience. Multivariate regressions estimate the association between ANC quality and insurance uptake, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find no statistically significant association between ANC quality and insurance uptake nationally. However, the relationship varies by region: in areas with low health facility density (south), higher ANC quality is marginally associated with increased insurance uptake, while no significant association is found in regions with greater facility density (north). Indicators of wealth and education consistently predict higher enrolment, regardless of ANC quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving ANC quality is essential for health outcomes but, on its own, is unlikely to drive insurance uptake nationally. Quality appears more influential in underserved regions, while socioeconomic inequalities dominate enrolment patterns.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study expands scarce low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) evidence on quality and insurance demand, applies a novel geospatially linked ANC quality index using a facility census and highlights the need to tailor insurance expansion strategies to subnational contexts of socioeconomic inequality and service access.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First identification of <i>Molluscum contagiosum</i> poxvirus from human in Senegal.","authors":"Fatou K Top, Landry G Boussiengui, Ndèye C Sall, Martin Faye","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1586","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v17i1.1586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we report on the first identification of a human case of <i>Molluscum contagiosum</i> virus (MOCV) in Senegal. In 2024, a male child living in Diamniadio, Dakar region, with no history of travel, tested positive for MOCV. The aetiology was identified using metagenomic sequencing in the framework of the ongoing preparedness activities for the 2024 mpox public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). Given the overlapping clinical features of MOCV infection and mpox, further research on MOCV is warranted in the West African region, particularly in the current context of high mpox circulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"1586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}