K. Tselios, T. Knobloch, J. Michl, Dominic Waldhoer, C. Schleich, E. Ioannidis, H. Enichlmair, R. Minixhofer, T. Grasser, M. Waltl
{"title":"Impact of Single Defects on NBTI and PBTI Recovery in SiO2 Transistors","authors":"K. Tselios, T. Knobloch, J. Michl, Dominic Waldhoer, C. Schleich, E. Ioannidis, H. Enichlmair, R. Minixhofer, T. Grasser, M. Waltl","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032748","url":null,"abstract":"The reliable operation of MOS transistors is affected by charge trapping at defects located inside the oxide and at the oxide/semiconductor interface. Each of the single defects can capture and emit a charge, alter the device electrostatics and thus affect the device behavior, which can be observed as a drift of the threshold voltage. Understanding the physical mechanisms of charge trapping and the dependencies of the threshold voltage drifts on the device parameters is crucial for reliable operation of modern transistors and the implementation of future technology nodes. An enhanced understanding can be developed by performing electrical measurements on nanoscale devices which allow to detect discrete steps in the measured drain current which correspond to emission events of charges, previously captured at single defects. Using measurements on large sets of devices, statistical distributions of step heights can be created to study the dependence of statistical quantities, like the link between the average threshold shift of a single emission event and the lateral device dimensions. From our measurements on commercial pMOS and nMOS devices we found that the dependence of the average step height on $W times sqrt L $ allows to describe the data accurately for a wide range of gate widths and lengths while the most widely used dependence on the device area fails to provide a good agreement.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121728254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Martin, Lukáš Valdman, Benjamin Hamilton Stafford, H. Nielen
{"title":"Anomaly of NBTI data for PMOS transistors degraded by plasma processing induced charging damage (PID)","authors":"Andreas Martin, Lukáš Valdman, Benjamin Hamilton Stafford, H. Nielen","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032757","url":null,"abstract":"Anomalous NBTI degradation characteristics have been observed for pMOS transistors which had experienced plasma processing induced charging damage. This is a critical topic for correct NBTI lifetime predictions from antenna transistor structures with PID for p-type MOS and FinFET transistors with various thicknesses of SiO2 or high-K gate dielectrics. Examples from the literature also depict this NBTI anomaly. A qualitative charge trapping model is described for root cause analysis. A proposed methodology demonstrates the correction of NBTI data from antenna transistor structures with PID.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134114149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulating and Modeling the Influence of Deep Trench Interface Recombination on Si Photodiodes","authors":"Paul Stampfer, G. Meinhardt, T. Grasser, M. Waltl","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032736","url":null,"abstract":"Deep Trench Isolation (DTI) is a common termination technique in optoelectronics to minimize cross-talk between single devices fabricated on the same chip. However, DTI can also affect the performance of optoelectronic devices. In this work we simulate and model the influence of minority carrier recombination at the DTI interface on the quantum efficiency, i.e. responsivity, of Si photodetectors. We demonstrate that DTI interface recombination is a non-linear effect with respect to the applied irradiance and causes a non-linear response of the photodetector, which must be avoided for certain applications. Furthermore, we show that sufficiently high positive or negative fixed oxide charges can improve device performance by reducing the DTI interface recombination. To maintain the benefit of electrical cross-talk minimization in combination with an almost linear responsivity we propose a structure terminated with lateral deep trench metal oxide semiconductor capacitors (DTMOSCAPs) to control the passivation of the DTI interface by an applied gate bias. By means of TCAD simulations, we show that such a device is superior to default DTI structures in terms of responsivity as well as linearity.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximilian Liehr, Jubin Hazra, K. Beckmann, N. Cady
{"title":"Failure Analysis of 65nm CMOS Integrated Nanoscale ReRAM Devices on a 300mm Wafer Platform","authors":"Maximilian Liehr, Jubin Hazra, K. Beckmann, N. Cady","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032747","url":null,"abstract":"Device failure can lead to operation instability and application performance degradation. To avoid this, restricting operational parameters can optimize long-term device reliability; however, to fully maximize device performance and capability a comprehensive failure analysis study is required. In this work we observed the regions of operation failure concerning current, voltage, and temperature stress on integrated CMOS/ReRAM memory cells. Voltage and current stresses were reported to show sharp device failure due to changes in conduction and energy mismatch, while temperature stress affected long-term device performance. This analysis will allow a greater grasp of parameter usage for future ReRAM based memory.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123966075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Raffel, M. Drescher, R. Olivo, M. Lederer, R. Hoffmann, L. Pirro, T. Chohan, T. Kämpfe, K. Seidel, S. De, J. Heitmann
{"title":"Three Level Charge Pumping On Dielectric Hafnium Oxide Gate","authors":"Y. Raffel, M. Drescher, R. Olivo, M. Lederer, R. Hoffmann, L. Pirro, T. Chohan, T. Kämpfe, K. Seidel, S. De, J. Heitmann","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032750","url":null,"abstract":"A major reliability concern in modern high-k field effect transistors (FETs) resembles the defect density distribution within the hafnium oxide layer as well as its interaction with the interfacial oxide layer. For a deeper understanding of the distribution of charged traps both energetically as well as spatially, it is essential to upgrade from a two level charge pumping scheme to a three level scheme. Through variation in pulse width and amplitude of a subsequent second level pulse, defect energy and location can be extracted inside the gate stack, which is important to understand the overall reliability impact of these traps onto the device properties.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124861963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling Plasma-Induced Damage During the Dry Etching of Silicon","authors":"Tobias Reiter, X. Klemenschits, L. Filipovic","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032764","url":null,"abstract":"A novel framework for the simulation of plasma-induced damage based on an adapted binary collision model is presented. The presented approach allows for the physical simulation of plasma damage during transient dry etch process simulations. The developed model is applied to two different substrate geometries, capturing plasma-induced damage caused by ion bombardment throughout the transient etch simulation. A detailed comparison to experimental data shows that even this simple collision model produces accurate results and thus provides a description of complex damage profiles for the entire duration of the processing step.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132452149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rizzi, Andrea Baroni, A. Glukhov, D. Bertozzi, C. Wenger, D. Ielmini, C. Zambelli
{"title":"Exploring Process-Voltage-Temperature Variations Impact on 4T1R Multiplexers for Energy-aware Resistive RAM-based FPGAs","authors":"T. Rizzi, Andrea Baroni, A. Glukhov, D. Bertozzi, C. Wenger, D. Ielmini, C. Zambelli","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032753","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices hold promise to improve the performance of full-CMOS Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) exploiting their non-volatility, multilevel nature, small area requirement, and CMOS compatibility for the routing interconnections. Unfortunately, the adoption of this emerging technology is hindered by its intrinsic resistance stochastic behavior. In this work, we investigate how Process-Voltage-Temperature (PVT) variations affect the energy and propagation delay of 4T1R MUX circuits. The comparison with traditional CMOS implementations reveals that for large-sized MUX the RRAM technology is more energy efficient and robust to PVT variations.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132995596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Cacho, A. Bravaix, T. G. Seybou, H. Pitard, X. Federspiel, T. Kumar, F. Giner, A. Michard, D. Celeste, B. Miller, V. Dhanda, A. Varshney, V. Tripathi, J. Kumar
{"title":"Device Reliability to Circuit Qualification: Insights and Challenges","authors":"F. Cacho, A. Bravaix, T. G. Seybou, H. Pitard, X. Federspiel, T. Kumar, F. Giner, A. Michard, D. Celeste, B. Miller, V. Dhanda, A. Varshney, V. Tripathi, J. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10077885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10077885","url":null,"abstract":"Aging phenomena are first evidenced at device level to cell level considering a precise knowledge of the leading degradation mechanisms and interactions useful for processing optimization focusing performance vs. reliability requirements. Digital to analog circuits are then studied for product qualification based on the former results that needs specific methodologies adapted case by case with mission profile and the correlation between sensing parameter, accelerating factors for lifetime margin. This represents huge challenges for operational lifetime determination, considering top down and bottom up consistencies for relevant product qualification.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133284140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Henderson, Brian Hulse, M. Styduhar, Peter Michelson
{"title":"Ensuring robust ESD design with comprehensive reliability verification","authors":"K. Henderson, Brian Hulse, M. Styduhar, Peter Michelson","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032761","url":null,"abstract":"Weaknesses in electrostatic discharge (ESD) connection paths directly contribute to field failures if they are not properly identified and fixed pre-silicon. Although traditional verification tools such as design rule checking (DRC), layout vs. schematic (LVS) verification and electrical rule checking (ERC) are still required in an integrated circuit (IC) verification flow, they can no longer be the only tools used. This work demonstrates the importance of adding comprehensive reliability checking to the overall IC verification flow to accurately identify reliability issues that cannot be found using traditional verification methods.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133839957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sangani, J. Diaz-Fortuny, E. Bury, B. Kaczer, G. Gielen
{"title":"Assessment of Transistor Aging Models in a 28nm CMOS Technology at a Wide Range of Stress Conditions","authors":"D. Sangani, J. Diaz-Fortuny, E. Bury, B. Kaczer, G. Gielen","doi":"10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW56459.2022.10032756","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing reliability concerns in advanced technologies have created a significant demand for circuit aging simulation capabilities, so that potential reliability problems can be identified and mitigated pre-production. Recognizing this need, foundries have started to provide aging models with their technology Physical Design Kits (PDK’s). In this work, we present an overview of the aging models and the aging simulation methodology in the PDK of a commercial 28nm bulk technology. The unique features of this work are as follows : (i) comparison of aging model simulations with device-level measurement data obtained at a wide range of {Vgs,Vds} conditions, and (ii) comparison of aging model simulations with circuit-level measurement data. Device- and circuit-level data are then correlated, discrepancies are identified and advantages and pitfalls of these models are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":446436,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133361322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}