African Security最新文献

{"title":"Herder-Farmer Conflicts: The Politicization of Violence and Evolving Security Measures in Nigeria","authors":"A. Nwozor, J. Olanrewaju, Segun Oshewolo, A. M. Oladoyin, S. Adedire, Onjefu Okidu","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1901181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1901181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper illuminates the interconnections between the Nigerian government’s failure to satisfactorily address the ever-rising violence linked to herder-farmer conflicts and the emergence of vigilante security measures at the geo-regional level. It also examines the overall implications of vigilante security measures vis-à-vis security challenges in Nigeria. The paper finds that the predisposition to, and adoption of vigilante security strategies is indicative of the failure of formal security apparatuses to live up to their constitutional mandates. The paper recommends preventive and inclusive policing as well as strict adherence to the tenets of justice in line with the rule of law.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"55 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1901181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47121561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notice of Duplicate Publication: Revisting Regional Security Complex Theory in Africa: Museveni’s Uganda and Regional Security in East Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1884493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1884493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"i - i"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1884493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45632990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulani-Dogon Killings in Mali: Farmer-Herder Conflicts as Insurgency and Counterinsurgency","authors":"T. A. Benjaminsen, B. Ba","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1925035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1925035","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violent clashes between Fulani and Dogon have recently escalated in the Seeno plains in central Mali. After failing to defeat a “jihadist” insurgency dominated by Fulani, the Malian army has sponsored and trained a Dogon militia, which has systematically attacked Fulani villages, and again caused counterattacks. In addition, internal conflicts within Fulani and Dogon society have emerged. This demonstrates the complexities of the current crisis in Mali and how simplistic narratives about its causes are unhelpful. It also shows how views of the enemy as “terrorists” or “jihadists” are dangerous and able to further fuel violent conflicts.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"4 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1925035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49097031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Dimensions in the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Negotiations: Ontological Security in Egypt and Ethiopia","authors":"Fana Gebresenbet, Dawit Yohannes Wondemagegnehu","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1905921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1905921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The preponderant focus of the negotiations between Ethiopia and Egypt over the use of the Nile/the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is on material aspects of water security, ignoring non-material, emotional attachments. Using ontological security as an analytical lens, it is argued that the GERD will lead to re-structuring Egypt’s state identity conception while potentially serving as an anchor to Ethiopia’s changing ontological security. If the negotiations are to transform interactions and build a cooperative routinized relationship more time and resources should be spent on building trust, especially in constructing more compatible state identities.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"80 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1905921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonstate Armed Groups, Leadership, and Sanctions Effectiveness","authors":"J. Agbonifo","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1904536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1904536","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The world’s most intractable conflicts, with nonstate armed groups (NSAGs) as key actors, have emerged in Africa. The UN seeks to deal with such threats through the increasing use of sanctions. NSAGs often resist sanctions demands, protracting conflicts. What is the role of leadership in the outcome? The sanctions literature has given scant attention to how predominant leaders determine whether NSAGs yield to sanctions. The nexus between leadership and sanctions effectiveness deserves attention given the threat NSAGs pose to international security and the need for more effective sanctions in Africa. The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in Sierra Leone, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) in Angola, and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in Uganda are employed to address the subject.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"27 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1904536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42121712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking “Alliances”: The Case of South Africa as a Rising Power","authors":"Christopher Williams, M. Papa","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2020.1871796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871796","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How does South Africa view international alliances? International relations (IR) scholars have been debating the end of alliances and the relevance of the alliance paradigm itself. South Africa presents an excellent test case for advancing these debates for three reasons. First, it has been committed to nonalignment yet engages in close and complex inter-state collaborations. Second, debates about the alliance paradigm have largely taken place in, and focused on, the Global North. And third, there is a gap in South African scholarship on this subject. This article examines the South African understanding of alliances through a systematic study of its academic and policy landscape including an analysis of 285 articles from South Africa’s five most highly ranked IR journals and key policy documents produced during the post-apartheid period. The article outlines how alliances are conceptualized and operationalized. It finds that the alliance concept in South Africa departs from the traditional understanding in the Global North: alliances are often driven by mutually shared political and developmental objectives rather than an external security threat. These objectives, combined with a perception of new economic opportunities, have led to an increase in the importance of South Africa’s strategic partnerships with rising powers, and reinforced its multi-alignment diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"325 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Regional Security Complex Theory in Africa: Museveni’s Uganda and Regional Security in East Africa","authors":"Barney Walsh","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1873507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1873507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article revisits Buzan and Waever’s Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT), and asks what is the utility of Buzan and Waever’s RSCT framework in understanding African security issues? It includes theoretical insight and criticism of RSCT whilst simultaneously providing an empirical case study of Uganda’s President Museveni within East Africa. It focuses in particular on a period between 2010 and 2015 when East African security dynamics were in flux. The article argues, primarily, that Regional Security Complex Theory can be improved by including a clearer articulation of how African leaders assert influence within, and shape, regional security dynamics in Africa. Doing so allows for a better realization of how Regional Security Complexes come into being. The article draws on over four years of desktop research and over one hundred field-work interviews in East Africa and South Africa with regional security specialists, military personnel, politicians, government officials, journalists, academics, market traders and economists. The paper highlights President Museveni’s uniquely active and influential role in shaping regional security dynamics in East Africa.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"300 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1873507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49378928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil-military Relations: Conflict and Cooperation between Military Bases and Host Communities in Nigeria","authors":"S. Oyewole","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2020.1860521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1860521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The growing strength, responsibilities, and involvement in internal security operations of the Nigerian armed forces have brought rapid increase in the number of military bases required to accommodate personnel and project their operations across the country. Nigeria is currently estimated to have between 250 and 330 military bases that are dispersed across the 36 states and the federal capital territory, from where different operations have been projected in the last two decades. Amidst these, the conduct of personnel in and around military bases, and their projected operations, have generated both positive and negative effects for the development and security of host communities, from where they have attracted resistance and support from the populations. Although these developments are critical to Nigeria’s military preparedness and performance, democratic consolidation, peace and security, and international reputation, they have received inadequate policy and academic attention. Accordingly, this article seeks to examine civil-military relations at the grassroots, with emphasis on conflict and cooperation between the Nigerian military and host communities of its (operationally active and passive) bases.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"353 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2020.1860521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47706172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Security Governance in Africa","authors":"W. Knight, Temitope B. Oriola","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2020.1871996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871996","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of African Security takes readers across the African continent – Uganda, South Africa, Nigeria, and the Sudano-Sahelian region. The four articles in the issue focus on topics that are contemporaneous, diverse, and multifaceted. Yet, they all have something in common: viz., a concern with regional security governance (RSG) on the continent of Africa. The reader will be able to decipher conceptual and practical elements related to security governance in each of these articles. They speak to a larger concern with the broadening of the security concept since the end of the Cold War and the consequent proliferation of regional security institutions across the globe. Globally, the RSG concept has maintained a traditional concern with a militaristic approach to security, but it also gradually evolved in recognition of the widening and deepening of the conceptualization of security. On the African continent, RSG has also responded to the changing conceptualization of security. New security issues and mechanisms have emerged as a result of this evolution. The challenge though is to articulate the uniquely African response to grappling with the realities of a changing security environment from local, sub-national, national, and regional perspectives. The four articles in this issue of African Security attempt to do just that. In “Revisiting Regional Security Complex Theory in Africa: Museveni’s Uganda and Regional Security in East Africa,” Barney Walsh engages with the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) and its analytical utility in Africa. Walsh grapples with the capacity of RSCT to explicate the agency of African states, security challenges, inter-state relations and influence on regional security dynamics. The role of Uganda’s president, Yoweri Museveni, in East Africa provides Walsh’s empirical case. The article unpacks the intricate transactional leadership of Yoweri Museveni – the balancing of competing interests among various levels of internal and external institutional and noninstitutional actors and the consequent outsized influence of Uganda in East Africa. It reveals from an individual level of analysis how a regional security complex was constructed in East Africa. In many respects, Walsh builds on the regional security complex theory of Buzan and Weaver but modifies it by showing how an African leader actually asserted his individual influence to shape a regional security complex on the African continent. Christopher Williams and Mihaela Papa explore how South Africa views international alliances in “Rethinking ‘Alliances’: The Case of South Africa as a Rising Power.” Williams and Papa find that South Africa conceptualizes AFRICAN SECURITY 2020, VOL. 13, NO. 4, 297–299 https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871996","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"297 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41857285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pastoral Resource Conflict in the Context of Sudano–Sahelian Security Crises: A Critical Review of Research","authors":"Leif V. Brottem","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2020.1871291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871291","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reviews recent research on pastoral resource conflict in the context of security crises across Sudano–Sahelian West and Central Africa. The goal is to improve understanding of the linkages between resource–related grievances, conflict escalation, and regional outbreaks of violence. The review focuses on factors perceived to play a role in violent conflicts across the region, including climate change, resource scarcity, and the political forces that mediate their relationships with violent conflict. Future research must draw from a wider body of literature to understand the relationship between resource access and drivers of conflict such as exclusion and perceptions of justice.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"13 1","pages":"380 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2020.1871291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}