African Security最新文献

{"title":"How Do Individuals Join the Al-Shabaab? An Ethnographic Insight into Recruitment Models for the Al-Shabaab Network in Kenya","authors":"F. A. Badurdeen","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1963926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1963926","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Al-Shabaab employs diverse strategies to recruit and radicalize youth to the network. The Social Movement Theory is used to assess recruitment models for terrorist networks such as the Al-Shabaab. Five models are explored to understand the evolving recruitment trends for the Al-Shabaab network from 2007 to 2019: the net, funnel, infiltrator, intimidation, and for-profit motives. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork of selected 47 cases of individuals associated with the Al-Shabaab, the study recognizes the role of kinship networks, social relationships between the recruiter and the recruited, group dynamics, and recruitment spaces as crucial in Al-Shabaab recruitment. The study offers insights into the evolving recruitment strategies of terrorist organizations navigating counter-terrorism responses in the aftermath of terror attacks at the Westgate Mall and the Garissa University attacks in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"239 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43521659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nature and Scope of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing and Fisheries Crime in Cameroon: Implications for Maritime Security","authors":"Maurice Beseng","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1982241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1982241","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and fisheries crime undermine maritime security especially for vulnerable coastal nations in Africa. This is particularly problematic for Cameroon where millions of people directly depend on fisheries for their livelihoods. Drawing on primary and secondary data, this article reveals the extent of IUU fishing and fisheries crime practices, noting that their operational synergies are a threat to Cameroon’s blue economy development, marine safety, ocean health and human resilience, and by extension national security. Efforts toward combatting IUU fishing and fisheries crime must recognize their synergistic relationship and ensure cooperation with sub-national non-state actors.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"262 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict Networks, Terrorist Recruitment, Maritime Security and Non-State Armed Group Involvement in Counter-terrorism Strategies","authors":"Temitope B. Oriola, W. Knight","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.2005913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.2005913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"209 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civilian Joint Task Force and Nigeria’s Counter-Terrorism Operation: A Critique of the Community-Based Approach to Insecurity","authors":"Kelvin Ashindorbe, Fortune Afatakpa, S. Owonikoko","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1998977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1998977","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are a prominent phenomenon in the discourse on security in Africa. They serve as either anti-state agents orchestrating violence or fill security void by complementing state security. This paper analyzes the activities of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) as a variant of non-state armed groups within the context of community-based counterterrorism initiative in Borno State, Nigeria. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussion in selected communities affected by Boko Haram. The findings revealed that the use of the CJTF yielded positive results as they helped the military in intelligence gathering, knowledge of the landscape, translation of the local language, and identification of Boko Haram members within the community and in combat operations. Challenges, such as the highhandedness and deceitful nature of some members, hampered the utility of the CJTF. The paper concludes that the CJTF as a community-based response to security underscores citizens as active agents, not mere passive victims in the fight against terrorism.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"286 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48222017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia","authors":"J. Cocodia","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The subservience of the AU to its influential partners compels it to protect their interests, even when these interests are detrimental to AU (peace) objectives. This is the case in Somalia where Ethiopia and the United States have waged a proxy war through the AU. Considering the current conflict stalemate, this paper questions if the AU ignored viable indigenous options for peace in Somalia. Using process tracing as the method of analysis, this paper argues that ignored local administrative processes that have stabilized the north, and once used by the ICU in south-central Somalia, are the best options for stability.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"110 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43197761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chieftaincy Conflicts in Northern Ghana: A Constellation of Actors and Politics","authors":"K. Bukari, P. Osei-Kufuor, Shaibu Bukari","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1932244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1932244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chieftaincy conflicts in Ghana are often presented as disputes involving rival groups over succession to traditional political power. However, chieftaincy conflicts are complex and often shaped by constellation of different actors, national and local level politics and elite maneuvering. This paper argues that chieftaincy conflicts go beyond the structural interpretations of competition and contestation for traditional power, but rather processual, encompassing constellations of diverse actors, elite politics and manipulation. In Northern Ghana, the combination of structural and processual factors drive chieftaincy conflicts. Party politics in chieftaincy conflicts have rendered chieftaincy institutions, that are supposed to be apolitical in nature, political.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"156 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1932244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44243692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Cooperation in West Africa: Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Insurgency","authors":"Bashir Bala, Usman Tar","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1929747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1929747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The challenges of terrorism and insurgency have continued to attract regional response. A significant aspect of such response is the demonstration of shared responsibilities by various nation states in regional cooperation to stamp out the menace of terrorism. The EU member states for instance adopted a regional approach to counter transnational security threats by embracing common standards and unified approach to Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Insurgency (CT-COIN). Likewise in West Africa, the Multi-National Joint Task Force (MNJTF) was recently reinvigorated to deal decisively with the cross-border terrorism in the Lake Chad Basin. This is in addition to other regional architecture that constitutes the needed ingredients of regional cooperation in West Africa. The operations and activities of these regional outfits have been destabilized by several challenges due to the peculiarities of security cooperation at a regional scale. Against this background, this article examines regional cooperation within the context of CT-COIN in West Africa with a view to establishing the challenges of such collaboration. The article unbundles the dynamics of terrorism and insurgency in West Africa. It engages the regional architecture for CT-COIN in the region and it underscores the challenges of regional cooperation. The article offers some measures for improving regional cooperation for an improved CT-COIN in West Africa.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"186 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1929747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47831268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattle Ranching and Farmer-herder Conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the Conditions for Successes and Failures in Northern Ghana","authors":"Abubakari Ahmed, E. D. Kuusaana","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1955496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1955496","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To address the prevalence of farmer-herder conflicts, Ghana has recently adopted a national cattle ranching project to establish ranches. Through a qualitative approach, this study examines the performance of existing ranches in addressing farmer-herder conflicts and the feasibility of ranches under complex land tenure arrangements. In Northern Ghana, identity, perceptions of land grab, and dynamics of access to animal feed and water sources might make cattle ranching less feasible in addressing farmer-herder conflicts. The study finds that the identity of herders as Fulani is generally perceived as dangerous, murderous, and violent. However, these issues are complicated by further concerns of corruption and rent-seeking behavior among the chiefs and security officers, especially the police. The results suggest the need to reconsider the cattle ranching policy by understanding the nature of conflicts and widening public consultation. The findings of this study are relevant for sub-Saharan African countries currently contemplating or implementing cattle-ranching policies.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"132 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1955496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homegrown Solutions to Regional Insecurity Complexes in Africa","authors":"Temitope B. Oriola, W. Knight","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1961355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1961355","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of African Security covers some of the most consequential issues faced by states across the African continent. The first paper “Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia” interrogates the subservience of the African Union to its partners. Jude Cocodia argues that such subservience negates the objectives of the African Union vis-à-vis maintaining peace. In this provocative piece, Cocodia argues that the steps taken by the African Union in Somalia demonstrate that the organization privileged the interests of its partners over the wellbeing of Somalis. His prescription calls on African policymakers to proffer homegrown solutions to the continent’ security challenges by “making local norms matter in governance.” This piece is a must-read for all scholars and practitioners working on the myriad problems that beset the African continent and reminds us all of the importance of considering indigenous modes of governing even when they run counter to Western prescriptions and the interests of outside donors. Farmer-herder conflicts have become existential security threats, particularly in West Africa. There are growing concerns that the level of violence perpetrated by herder groups has metamorphosed into terrorism in countries like Nigeria. The idea of stable and delimited ranching has been offered as a widely accepted solution to the problem of farmer-herder conflicts. However, in their paper, “Cattle ranching and farmer-herder conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the conditions for successes and failures in northern Ghana,” Abubakari Ahmed and Elias Danyi Kuusaana caution against uncritical acceptance of this solution. There are clearly facets of this ostensible policy solution that ought to be put into cognizance in term of its design and implementation. Ahmed and Kuusaana critically unpack the problem, arguing that negative public perceptions of the herders’ Fulani identity and corruption by local chiefs and security agents, particularly the police, tend to exacerbate variables such as the land tenure system and access to food and water sources. Ahmed’s position is certainly of relevance to ongoing scholarly and policy debates, particularly in those countries in West Africa where transhumance exists. West Africa is also the focus of the third piece in this issue. Kaderi Noagah Bukari, Patrick Osei-Kufuor and Shaibu Bukari investigate the politicization of chieftaincy positions and the traditional authority they represent. The paper “Chieftaincy Conflicts in Northern Ghana: A Constellation of Actors and Politics” problematizes the role of elite AFRICAN SECURITY 2021, VOL. 14, NO. 2, 107–109 https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1961355","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"107 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49361285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For Ian Taylor (1969-2021)","authors":"Temitope B. Oriola, Andy W. Knight","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2021.1935568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1935568","url":null,"abstract":"This issue is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ian Christopher Taylor, coeditor of African Security, who passed away on 22 February 2021. Ian was an astonishingly accomplished and highly regarded scholar of international relations and African political economy. Perhaps as insignia of the times, we, the coeditors of African Security, never met Ian in person. We knew him as a scholar and as a towering figure connected to the journal. His ties with African Security preceded our involvement with the journal, but he was clearly one of the foundational pillars undergirding this publication. We were shocked to find he was only 52 because his reputation, scholastic accomplishments and global image depicted that of a much more senior academic. Ian packed a lot into his 52 years on earth. African Security has now lost two of its founder fathers, as Professor Tim Shaw, a senior colleague and board member, noted a day after Ian’s death. Colonel James Hentz, our founding editor-in-chief, who was chair of political science at the Virginia Military Institute, died in 2018. One of our board members, Dr. Giulia Piccolino, received gracious professional support from Ian during her doctoral studies. Her comment exemplifies the quality of the human, Ian Taylor. Dr. Piccolino notes that Ian ‘was not just a very successful academic, but also a generous colleague who genuinely supported early career researchers.’ Our Canadian colleague, Professor Andrew Cooper, from the University of Waterloo, was the external examiner on Ian Taylor’s doctoral thesis. Professor Cooper described Ian as “a unique academic, combining a stellar work ethic with such an impressive quality and quantity of critical insights on Africa and IPE.” He went on to further describe Ian as a “very special personality, highly ethical in his lifestyle and adventurous both in his type of research projects and his willingness to take on an extensive range of field work activities.” Ian Taylor, literally at the peak of an astonishing career, was author or editor of at least 12 significant books. He published over 80 contributions in leading refereed journals. His work on China and Africa was pioneering in many respects. His work was disseminated in at least 55 countries around the globe. He also held multiple visiting professorships, mentored many PhDs and had an academic productivity level that was easily and breathlessly world class and cutting edge. However, the most relevant fact is that Ian Christopher Taylor was an outstanding human being, who was widely respected and well loved. Dr. Brautigam, in a moving tribute to Ian Taylor, wrote that Ian possessed an energy that was nothing short of “meteoric,” and that, as it turned out, his life too “was like a shooting star that explodes in a burst of color, light and energy” and AFRICAN SECURITY 2021, VOL. 14, NO. 1, 1–3 https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1935568","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19392206.2021.1935568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}