African Security最新文献

{"title":"The Inadvertent Influence of Peacekeeping and Peace Support Operations on Ghana’s Armed Forces","authors":"A. Tchie","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2291629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2291629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"81 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor Russell C. Smandych","authors":"Temitope B. Oriola, W. Andy Knight","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2270872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2270872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"273 1‐4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Reform and Prospects for Peace and Conflict-Sensitive Journalism in Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal of International and African Research on Media and Peacebuilding","authors":"Maame Aboagyewaa Peterson, Russell Smandych, Temitope Oriola, Muhammad Kabir Yusuf","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2274235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2274235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper offers a critical assessment of the role that the media, and in particular peace and conflict-sensitive journalism, can play in peacebuilding in African countries with a primary focus on the history and roles of the media in Nigeria. The theoretical lenses offered by post-colonial and southern criminologies, along with emancipatory peace, global, and human rights journalism are deployed to engage with the prospects and challenges for peace and conflict-sensitive journalism in Nigeria. Overall, this paper aims to serve as a resource material for further research on the role of the media in Nigeria’s conflicts.KEYWORDS: African studiesconflict-sensitive journalismemancipatory peacehuman rightsinsurgency Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Ahmed K. Nigerian Media: Let’s Stop Ethnic Profiling!,” Premium Times. 20212. Galtung J, editor. Towards a grand theory of negative and positive peace: Peace, security and conviviality. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.; 2008.3. Iqbal M.Z,& Hussain S. Conflict and Peace Journalism Role of Media in Pakistan. Strategic Studies. 2017;37(2):90–1084. Prager A, & Hameleers, M. Disseminating information or advocating peace? Journalists’ role perceptions in the face of conflict. Journalism. 2021;22(2):395–4135. Tenenboim-Weinblatt K, Hanitzsch T, Nagar R. Beyond peace journalism: Reclassifying conflict narratives in the Israeli news media. Journal of Peace Research. 2016;53(2):151–656. Adebayo JO. Reporting African Elections: Towards a Peace Journalism Approach.London: Routledge; 2019.7. Arregui C, Thomas, R., & Kilby, A. Peace journalism in theory and practice: Kenyan and foreign correspondent perspectives. Online2020.8. Mano W, editor. Peace and conflict reporting: An African perspective. London: Routledge.; 2022.9. Maweu J & Mare, A., editor. Introduction: Changing the tide: Re-examining the interplay of media, conflict and peacebuilding in Africa. London: Routledge; 2021.10. Our ongoing project on “Reframing Media Studies of Crime, Insurgencies, and Counterterrorism in Nigeria: Toward a New Multi-Disciplinary Criminology-Mass Communication Stakeholder Approach” (2020–2023) is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, with additional support from the Universities of Manitoba and Alberta in Canada, and the Department of Mass Communication and Center for the Peace and Anti-Conflict Journalism, at Baze University, in Abuja, Nigeria.11. Aslam R. Global patriotism: Is peace journalism a solution? online: Springer; 2021.12. Keeble R.L. Peace journalism: Alternative perspectives. Online: Springer; 2021.13. Pearson M. Global justice, factual reporting and advocacy journalism. Online: Springer; 2021.14. Ward S.J.A. Democratically engaged journalism and extremism. Online: Springer; 2021.15. Justino P, & Santos, R. Employment and household welfare. In: Mac Ginty R, editor. Handbook of peacebuilding. Abingdon,UK: Routledge; 2013. p. 2","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manufacturing Scarcity: Understanding the Causes of Conflicts Between Farmers and Herders in Asante Akim North Municipality of Ghana","authors":"Daniel Kojo Leon Brenya Yeboah, C. P. Hansen, Abdulai Abubakari, Adzo Dzigbodi Doke","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2251313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2251313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Farmer-herder conflicts are widespread in many parts of Africa. Scholars disagree on their causes. One strand associates conflict with absolute scarcities caused by for example population growth and climate change. Other scholars emphasize politically established scarcities: scarcities caused by policies, legislation, and development programs. This paper examines the causes of farmer-herder conflict in the case of Asante Akim North Municipality of Ghana; an area that has suffered from severe conflicts for the past two decades. The study relies on documentary materials and interviews with 53 respondents representing all main agents with a stake in the conflict. The paper argues that absolute scarcity (population growth and climate change) may play a role in conflict, but the key driver of conflict is political. The paper shows how the traditional authorities have allocated land to outside cattle owners without effective institutions to guide cattle herding. This has created conflicts between traditional farming and new herding interests. The paper contributes to the literature on farmer-herder conflict and political scarcity by presenting a case where scarcity is not produced by state-led policies and interventions at large-scale but by local-level traditional authorities and small-scale enclosures.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45680689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Submissions to the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee as Constructions of National Identity: Cameroon, Kenya and Nigeria","authors":"L. Jarvis, Tim Legrand","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2243111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2243111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the construction of national identity in the context of the post-9/11 counter-terrorism sanctions regime established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373. The study focuses on the written reports of three member states – Cameroon, Kenya, and Nigeria – arguing that these documents not only serve as inventories of national capacity but also as performances of national identity within a specific historical moment. Two overarching arguments are made. First, constructions of terrorism play a crucial discursive role in demarcating self from other in these reports, consistently portraying terrorism as an external and morally reprehensible threat to national security. Second, despite this relatively consistent framing of terrorist otherness, the reports contain creative and diverse reflections on, or articulations of, national identity and its associated characteristics. In making these arguments, the article contributes to existing literature on the post-9/11 UN counter-terrorism regime by offering an original reading of national submissions to the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee, focusing on relatively neglected states from the global South, and develops new conceptual insight into the plasticity of terrorism as a form of discursive otherness capable of sustaining diverse representations of national self-identity","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48218954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban-Rural Geographies of Political Violence in North and West Africa","authors":"Steven M. Radil, Olivier Walther, Nick Dorward, Matthew Pflaum","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2251286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2251286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper assesses the relationship between population density and political violence within North and West Africa. We find that while most violence currently occurs in rural areas, it also exhibits a classic distance-decay effect, commonly occurring near urbanized places. Regional differences are evident as Jihadist-led violence is increasingly rural in West Africa while urban violence was more common in North Africa. Important difference in states with major conflict are also present, exemplified by urbanized violence in Nigeria and rural violence in Mali. Our findings therefore provide mixed evidence for the typical “urbanization of conflict” discourse in the literature.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"146 1","pages":"199 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Vulnerability to Violent Extremism: Evidence from Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"E. Ikpe, D. Adegoke, Funmi Olonisakin, Folahanmi Aina","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2185746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2185746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses the links between socioeconomic concerns and one of the most significant conflicts in the world, the Boko Haram-led insurgency in Northeastern Nigeria. In doing so it centers group dynamics for analysis of how women and youth constituencies intersect with vulnerability to violent extremism. It offers sophisticated quantitative analysis of new and original gender- and age-disaggregated survey data, with over 80% female respondents. The paper finds that while poverty can influence vulnerability to violent extremism, women and youth constituencies interact in particular ways with structural factors and certain youth constituencies exhibit lower propensities to violence.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"5 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45431510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The African Union’s Prohibition of Unconstitutional Changes of Government: An Uneasy Choice between Fidelity to Principle and Pragmatism","authors":"Christopher Nyinevi, R. Fosu","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2195748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2195748","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the application of the African Union’s norm and sanctions regime on the prohibition of unconstitutional changes of government from 2001 to 2022. It identifies three forms of unconstitutional changes of government: coup d’états and other violent changes of democratically elected government; refusal of an incumbent government to relinquish power after losing an election and constitutional manipulations to win an election or extend the tenure of an incumbent government. The discussions reveal that apart from cases of coup d’états and other violent overthrows of government, the AU has not been consistent with its application of the sanction regime. The article attempts an explanation of why this is so.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"95 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45197729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provoking an Overreaction: Transborder Guerrilla Warfare in the Kenya-Somalia Borderlands","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim Shire","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2192641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2192641","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars have shed much light on the positive correlation between foreign military interventions and blowback in the form of transnational violence, such as terrorist and guerrilla attacks. While the strategies of transnational terrorism have been widely addressed in the literature, the strategies of transborder guerrilla warfare have received little attention. Since Kenya deployed troops to Somalia in 2011, Al-Shabaab has carried out reprisal attacks in Kenya in an attempt to wear down their opponents. Using new primary evidence from Somalia and Kenya, I demonstrate that Al-Shabaab frequently stages transborder guerrilla operations at the margins of Kenya with the intention of provoking a violent overreaction from the Kenyan state against ethnic Somalis who dominate the Kenya-Somalia borderlands. The resulting repressive governmental response has strengthened perceived divisions and mistrust among Kenyan Somalis, sparked virulent public anger in Somalia, and reinforced the public image of Kenya as an unfriendly foreign occupying force. Despite the costly militant casualties, the findings reveal that militant groups prioritize transborder guerrilla attacks over transnational terrorist violence primarily due to the resultant state repression against their presumed constituency. These findings contribute to the broader analytical literature on militant organizations’ strategic goals.","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"61 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44491857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Approaches to Violent Extremism","authors":"W. Andy Knight, Temitope B. Oriola","doi":"10.1080/19392206.2023.2196800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2196800","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of African Security journal provides the reader with fresh ways of examining conflict. In each of the four essays presented here, the authors’ challenge is to reconsider the nature of violent extremism, the strategies being used by both perpetrators of violence and states and agencies countering said violence, and what ought to be the ultimate goal of bringing an end to such violence. The first paper is based on collaborative research by four scholars, Eka Ikpe, Damilola Adegoke, Funmi Olonisakin, and Fola Aina. The result of this collaboration is an in-depth examination of the linkages between socioeconomic concerns and one of the most significant conflicts in the world, viz., the Boko Haram-led insurgency in Northeastern Nigeria. A lot has been written about this violent jihadi-inspired insurgency. But this paper, titled “Understanding vulnerability to violent extremism: Evidence from Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria” offers a nuanced perspective on this conflict by centering the focus of the analysis on the extent to which women and youth constituencies intersect with vulnerability to violent extremism. Based on an impressive and sophisticated accumulation of quantitative analysis of new and original genderand age-disaggregated survey data (utilizing over 80% of female respondents), the authors conclude that while poverty can influence vulnerability to violent extremism, women, and youth constituencies, who usually fall into that category of the target population, tend to interact in particular ways with structural factors. Indeed, based on their research, certain youth constituencies exhibit lower propensities toward violence. In some respects, the results of this research challenge the perceived wisdom within violent extremism studies that understanding and addressing root causes of conflict is important for the resolution of these conflicts and for the implementation of longer-term peace and reconstruction measures. While that hypothesis still holds true, there may be some wisdom in examining certain tributary causes that stem from different vulnerable sectors in a society, as the evidence from Northeastern Nigeria seems to indicate. How states, regional bodies, or international agencies deal with extremist violence depend in large part on the strategies adopted by violent extremists. In this issue’s second essay, titled “Competitive Control? ‘Hearts and Minds’ and the Population Control Strategy of the Islamic State West Africa Province,” Edward Stoddard, points to a strategy adopted by the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) to make the argument that violent extremist groups can, and do, adopt different strategies of control over AFRICAN SECURITY 2023, VOL. 16, NO. 1, 1–4 https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2023.2196800","PeriodicalId":44631,"journal":{"name":"African Security","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45785228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}