J. Delhey, Leonie C. Steckermeier, K. Boehnke, F. Deutsch, J. Eichhorn, U. Kühnen, C. Welzel
{"title":"Existential insecurity and trust during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Germany","authors":"J. Delhey, Leonie C. Steckermeier, K. Boehnke, F. Deutsch, J. Eichhorn, U. Kühnen, C. Welzel","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2223184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2223184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In many, but not all situations it is easier to be trusting from a position of security. This paper addresses trust’s relationship with perceived insecurities induced by the coronavirus pandemic. Looking at social trust (trust in strangers) and institutional trust (trust in the government and in the public health-care system), we explore whether individuals’ trust is negatively or positively associated with economic fears and health fears. Using panel data from Germany for 2020, 2021, and 2022 we find in cross-sectional analysis that institutional trust – but not social trust – is strengthened by health fears and weakened by economic fears. Longitudinal analysis shows that changes in health fears – but not in economic fears – increase social and institutional trust. Our results indicate that only health fears are threatening enough to suspend the otherwise tight-knit syndrome of security and trust.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"140 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42916834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of experimental research on organizational trust","authors":"Oliver Schilke, A. Powell, M. Schweitzer","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2214202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2214202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trust profoundly shapes organisational, group, and dyadic outcomes. Reflecting its importance, a substantial and growing body of scholarship has investigated the topic of trust. Much of this work has used experiments to identify clear, causal relationships. However, in contrast to theoretical work that conceptualises trust as a multi-faceted (e.g. ability, benevolence, integrity), multi-level (e.g. interpersonal, intergroup), and dynamic construct, experimental scholarship investigating trust has largely investigated benevolence-based trust in dyadic relationships. As a result of the relatively limited set of paradigms experimental scholars have used to investigate trust, many questions related to different forms and types of trust remain un- and under-explored in experimental work. In this review, we take stock of the existing experimental trust scholarship and identify key gaps in our current understanding of trust. We call for future experimental work to investigate ability-based and integrity-based trust, to advance our understanding of the interplay between relationship history and trust, to study trust as a multi-level construct, to focus on the consequences of trust including the hazards of misplaced trust, and to study trust maintenance. To support these lines of inquiry, we introduce an ideal-typical process model to develop or adapt appropriate trust experiments.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"102 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The lesser of two evils: Approaching trust with Bourdieu’s habitus","authors":"Jermaine S. Ma","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2203931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2203931","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper I borrow from sociological scholars and theories in order to approach trust(ing) with Bourdieu's habitus. I demonstrate the use of a conceptual framework comprised of three sociological theories in the context of a subset of women in urbanising Türkiye who belong to, what I call, a gecekondu habitus. Throughout this paper I discuss the necessity of viewing interpersonal trust in the context of lived experiences, which enables us to see the nuanced ways trust might express itself in unexpected ways. Specifically, I suggest that utilising Bourdieu's habitus is one way to centre and situate context in trust research. By using Bourdieu's habitus along with theories of social reproduction and social capital I position my study on interpersonal trust in context, elucidate the gecekondu habitus, and with empirical examples illuminate nuances of trust and vulnerability noting its embeddedness in social networks. Ultimately in this paper I show how layering sociological theories as lenses highlights a nuanced view of trusting for women that expresses itself in two ways: (1) trust as choosing between vulnerabilities in difficult choices; and (2) the process of trusting (in assessing trustworthiness) functioning similarly to social capital a la Bourdieu and Coleman.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"197 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender differences in the stability of trust and risk-taking","authors":"Doron Sonsino, M. Shifrin, Eyal Lahav","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2199023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2199023","url":null,"abstract":"The individual willingness to trust is compared to the inclination to take lottery risk in six distinct scenarios, controlling the return distributions. Trust responds to changes in the admissible return levels, but exhibits significantly smaller responsiveness to return expectations compared to parallel risk-taking. Paired comparisons suggest that the investors sacrifice 5% of the expected payoff to trust anonymous responders. Trust is more calculated and volatile for males, while appearing relatively stable for females. The results connect with evidence regarding physiological differences between trust and risk-taking, and in addition suggest that trust is more of a distinctive trait for females compared to males. The paper broadly discusses the results and their implications, connecting to diverse streams in the trust literature.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"223 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47871860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration, culture, and trust: A case study of minority integration in Israeli academy","authors":"Ran Ben-Malka, Sharon Hadad, Reut Megidish","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2167825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2167825","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of joint academic study involving minority students from the Bedouin population in Israel with the general population on out-group and in-group trust. Using a modified version of the trust game as a serial game with complete information and 135 students from both populations in a joint academic programme, we found that the level of trust of the Bedouin students towards the general population decreases over time, despite their having assimilated into this group. We discuss the theoretical explanations and implications of this result, along with practical recommendations for introducing complementary steps to enhance trust over time between the two populations. The latter includes creating more social and academic encounters between the groups and offering better incentives for cross-sector collaboration. This study is the first to examine the development of trust over time in academia between different ethnic groups while the groups are in national conflict.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"51 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45122979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The look in your eyes: The role of pupil dilation in disguising the perception of trustworthiness","authors":"Matia Okubo, Kenta Ishikawa, Takato Oyama, Yoshihiko Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2165090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2165090","url":null,"abstract":"Pupil size reflects the cognitive and affective states of the beholder and thus shapes interpersonal impressions. Individuals with dilated pupils are evaluated more positively than those with constricted pupils. The present study investigated the role of pupil dilation in building interpersonal trust. We used face photographs taken by Okubo et al. (2017), in which models (N = 81) were posed as trustworthy persons for a photograph shown in an economic game. We measured the pupil diameter of each model’s photographs using image processing software. The pupils were dilated when the models expressed trustworthiness in their faces. Moreover, untrustworthy choices in an economic game predicted pupil dilation. As dilated pupils produce positive impressions, the results suggest that pupil dilation may be associated with concealing signals of trustworthiness. Untrustworthy individuals may use pupillary responses almost incapable of voluntary control to exploit others in social interactions.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"87 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41306407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing trust with injected health information in Poland’s healthcare system: Lay people versus healthcare workers","authors":"R. Lewandowski, A. Goncharuk, G. Cirella","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2182313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2182313","url":null,"abstract":"Health information can influence patient trust and is vital to the healthcare system of a country. This study comparatively assesses trust levels within Poland’s healthcare system from two perspectives: non-healthcare workers (i.e. lay people) and healthcare workers. Four trust indicators, i.e. the payer, visiting or consulting with a physician, the medical profession, and hospitals are used to test trust volatility. The methodology combined a participant three-stage experiment by measuring level of trust, randomly separating participants into two groups – i.e. control and experimental – and testing whether observational changes were long-lasting. Results indicate that the level of trust of non-healthcare workers to the payer, a physician, and hospitals was susceptible to the information provided, while trust to the medical profession did not show sensitivity and almost did not change. Statistical analysis showed the non-healthcare workers trust level in all tested objects, apart from the medical profession, tended to return to their start values. Healthcare workers, on the other hand, had an overall higher level of trust in a physician, the medical profession, and hospitals. Overall, it can be concluded that the impact from the intervention in terms of hospitals was lower for the healthcare workers.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"67 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45891638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Leonardo Bouças da Silva, V. Hoffmann, L. Martínez-Cháfer
{"title":"Trust and trust-linked elements in the formation of tourism networks in Brazil and Spain","authors":"David Leonardo Bouças da Silva, V. Hoffmann, L. Martínez-Cháfer","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2190900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2190900","url":null,"abstract":"While there is evidence of the positive influence of trust in cooperation development, in situations where trust is unfeasible, trust-linked elements are needed. In this investigation, trust-linked elements are considered to be contracts, supporting institutions (SIs), and reciprocity. This research aims to determine the role of trust and/or trust-linked elements in the formation of tourism business networks of Brazil and Spain. A quantitative study, using structural equation modelling, was carried out on a sample of 307 lodging companies. The results show that trust remains a key element in the composition of both Brazilian and Spanish business networks, although trust alone may not sufficiently explain collaboration in the tourism industry. This strengthens the argument for employing trust-linked elements to promote cooperation. Contracts and SIs substitute trust, whereas reciprocity complements it. SIs, in particular, play a crucial role in fostering cooperation, without requiring trust or incurring transaction costs, which is a less obvious but nonetheless important service. Networks in tourism destinations are often diverse and adaptable, suggesting that cooperation is idiosyncratic and an ongoing, dynamic process. This investigation concludes that decision-making for enhancing networking capabilities must consider various possibilities aligned with the social embeddedness of the companies in the corresponding tourism destination.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"24 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44265332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distrust: A critical review exploring a universal distrust sequence","authors":"Frédérique E. Six, D. Latusek","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2023.2184376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2184376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we review the distrust literature and explore whether the universal sequence for trust as outlined by Dietz (2011) and Dietz and Den Hartog (2006) is also true for distrust. Compared to trust, there is much less research on distrust, although the field has been rapidly developing in recent years. We argue that it is time to explore a universal sequence for distrust to take stock of current knowledge and to focus the empirical and conceptual research. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that such a universal sequence is a valuable framework for distrust research. This analytical exercise also forces us to identify tacit assumptions that frame and guide much of the current distrust (and trust) research. In so doing, we identify two main areas that require more attention: 1) the definition of distrust and its relation to trust and 2) the universal sequences and their dynamics. These findings lead to avenues for further research.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41333097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning to trust in social enterprises: The contribution of organisational culture to trust dynamics","authors":"M. Farnese, Paula Benevene, Barbara Barbieri","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2022.2125399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2022.2125399","url":null,"abstract":"General models for trust development in organisations suggest a linear path founded on three bases (calculus, knowledge, identification). Seeking to capture a more dynamic nature for the trust development pathway, this study focuses on the role of organisational culture in shaping these paths by conveying sensemaking processes. Through exploratory group interviews, we examined how trust can be boosted or weakened among senior and newcomer members of two Italian social enterprises (NPSEs) as organisational contexts whose core values make trust a valuable relational asset. Our in-depth analysis of key trust processes showed that the NPSE members refer principally to a non-linear path of trust-building in their professional experience, and acknowledge the knowledge base as the starting point for, and the main source of, trust. Two other processes for implementing trust also emerged, the spillover of trust capabilities to other kinds of relationships, and their leaders' ability to establish organisational routines that can consolidate trust. Overall, our findings contribute to connecting trust-building dynamics to broader organisational culture, highlighting specific routines and practices – intentional as well as informal – that encourage their members to learn to trust. Applicative implications for building trust in workplaces are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"153 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44934351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}