Asian Bioethics Review最新文献_第6页

Supporting a Member Secretary of an Ethics Committee 支持道德委员会的成员秘书。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00255-4

Salik Ansari

引用次数: 0

The Duty to Care is Not Dead Yet 关心的责任还没有死。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00254-5

Yali Cong, James Dwyer

{"title":"The Duty to Care is Not Dead Yet","authors":"Yali Cong, James Dwyer","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00254-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00254-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed social shortcomings and ethical failures, but it also revealed strengths and successes. In this perspective article, we examine and discuss one strength: the duty to care. We understand this duty in a broad sense, as more than a duty to treat individual patients who could infect health care workers. We understand it as a prima facie duty to work to provide care and promote health in the face of risks, obstacles, and inconveniences. Although at least one survey suggested that health care workers would not respond to a SARS-like outbreak according to a duty to care, we give reasons to show that the response was better than expected. The reasons we discuss lead us to consider normative accounts of the duty to care based on the adoption of social roles. Then, we consider one view of the relationship between empirical claims and normative claims about the duty to care in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we draw insight from Mengzi, with an emendation from Dewey. Our perspective leaves many question to research, but one point seems clear: there will be future pandemics and the need for health care workers who respond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00254-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inclusion and Exclusion in Bioethics 生物伦理学中的包容与排斥。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00252-7

Graeme T. Laurie

引用次数: 0

Stakeholder Involvement in the Governance of Human Genome Editing in Japan 利益相关者参与日本人类基因组编辑治理。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00251-8

Tatsuki Aikyo, Atsushi Kogetsu, Kazuto Kato

{"title":"Stakeholder Involvement in the Governance of Human Genome Editing in Japan","authors":"Tatsuki Aikyo, Atsushi Kogetsu, Kazuto Kato","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00251-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00251-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>\u0000Genome editing is a technology that can accurately and efficiently modify the genome of organisms, including the human genome. Although human genome editing (HGE) has many benefits, it also involves technical risks and ethical, legal, and social issues. Thus, the pros and cons of using this technology have been actively debated since 2015. Notably, the research community has taken an interest in the issue and has discussed it internationally. However, for the governance of HGE, the roles of government agencies and the general public are also important for an effective regulatory system. Here, we examine the roles of the research community, government, and public in the governance of HGE through an analysis of discussions in the Japanese Expert Panel on Bioethics. During the discussion of the research ethics review system, the professionalism of the research community and the pros and cons of state oversight have become issues for debate. Furthermore, through an examination of the overall policy-making process, three stakeholders are clearly involved in the governance of emerging medical technologies in the Expert Panel on Bioethics, a discussion forum established by government agencies. The contrast among these roles provides insight into the positive roles of government agencies and the research community and the conditions under which these roles are played. We also note that there are diverse actors in the public, which may have an impact on their participation. Our results may serve as a guide for countries and organizations to establish governance on emerging medical technologies.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00251-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Undue Influence from the Family in Declining COVID-19 Vaccination and Treatment for the Elderly Patient 家庭对拒绝老年患者接种新冠肺炎疫苗和治疗的不当影响。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00249-2

See Muah Lee, Neal Ryan Friets, Irene Tirtajana, Gerard Porter

{"title":"Undue Influence from the Family in Declining COVID-19 Vaccination and Treatment for the Elderly Patient","authors":"See Muah Lee, Neal Ryan Friets, Irene Tirtajana, Gerard Porter","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00249-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00249-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines a patient with borderline mental capacity, where the healthcare team is conflicted about how to proceed. This case demonstrates the complicated intersection between undue influence and mental capacity, allowing us to explore how the law is applied in clinical practice. Patients have the right to decline or accept medical treatments offered to them. In Singapore, family members perceive a right to be involved in the decision-making process for sick and elderly patients. Elderly patients, dependent on mainly family members for care and support, sometimes submit to their overbearing influence resulting in decisions that fail to protect the patients’ own best interests. However, the clinicians’ own well-intentioned influence, driven by a desire for the best medical outcome can also be undue, and neither influence should seek to be a substitution for the patient’s decision. Following Re BKR [2015] SGCA 26, we are now obliged to examine how mental capacity can be affected by undue influence. A lack of capacity can be found when a patient fails to appreciate the presence of undue influence or is susceptible to undue influence due to their mental impairment causing their will to be overborne. This then paves the way for the health care team to decide based on best interests, because the patient is determined to be lacking in mental capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9707592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Data Collection for Medical Image Analysis: a Structured Approach 医学图像分析的伦理数据收集：一种结构化方法。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00250-9

S. T. Padmapriya, Sudhaman Parthasarathy

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Vaccination under Conditions of War in Ukraine 乌克兰战争条件下的新冠肺炎疫苗接种

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00248-3

Olena Korolchuk, Nataliia Vasiuk, Iryna Klymkova, Dmytro Shvets, Oleksii Piddubnyi

引用次数: 0

Virtue Ethics among Physicians who serve Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Indonesia 印尼为慢性脊髓损伤患者服务的医生的道德操守。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00245-6

Maria Regina Rachmawati, Mubasyisyir Hasanbasri, Mohammad Hakimi

{"title":"Virtue Ethics among Physicians who serve Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Indonesia","authors":"Maria Regina Rachmawati, Mubasyisyir Hasanbasri, Mohammad Hakimi","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00245-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00245-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>Individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (CSCI) require complex and lengthy health services based on ethical philosophy. The virtue character that is most relevant to the egalitarian concept is fairness. The aim of the study is whether the character of fairness becomes the character of a doctor serving individuals with CSCI. It is a mixed method cross-sectional explanatory study, with questionnaires sent to doctors and individuals with CSCI, interviews with doctors, and healthcare system field observation. Sixty-two doctors and 33 patients with CSCI participated in the study. The virtues most frequently chosen by doctors were love, gratitude, spirituality, zest, fairness, and kindness. The CSCI patients’ views regarding doctors’ characters were a postponement of personal interest, compassion, and loyalty to trust. All interviewed doctors indicated that they supported more than five of the 24 virtues. Doctors serve with ethical principles of virtue, even though the rewards received are inadequate. In fact, the use of health services by CSCI is still limited. Virtue ethics, especially the character of fairness, is necessary as a base of positive relationships between doctors and patients, to achieve equality of benefits for CSCI patients. Data obtained that the doctors’ character of fairness is still not the main choice.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00245-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public Awareness of Medical Research Terminology in Japan, and the Accuracy of Physicians’ Predictions regarding that Awareness 日本公众对医学研究术语的认识，以及医生对这种认识的预测的准确性。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00247-4

Ayako Kamisato, Hyunsoo Hong, Suguru Okubo

{"title":"Public Awareness of Medical Research Terminology in Japan, and the Accuracy of Physicians’ Predictions regarding that Awareness","authors":"Ayako Kamisato, Hyunsoo Hong, Suguru Okubo","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00247-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00247-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>One of the ethical principles of medical research involving human subjects is obtaining proper informed consent (IC). However, if the participants’ actual awareness of medical research terminology is lower than the researchers’ prediction of that awareness, it may cause difficulty obtaining proper IC. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the presence of “perception gaps” and then discuss IC-related issues and measures based on the insights obtained. We conducted two online surveys: a “public survey” to understand the Japanese public’s awareness of 11 medical research terms and a “physicians’ survey” to investigate physicians’ predictions regarding public awareness. In the “public survey,” for each term, respondents were instructed to select their situation from “understand,” “have heard,” or “have never heard.” In the “physicians’ survey,” respondents were asked to estimate the proportions of the general public who would “have understood,” “have heard,” or “have never heard” by using an 11-step scale. We analyzed separately in two age groups to understand the age-related difference. We received 1002 valid responses for the “public survey” and 275 for the “physicians’ survey.” Of the public respondents, more than 80% had never heard of terms such as <i>interventional study</i>, <i>prospective clinical study</i>, <i>cohort study</i>, <i>Phase I clinical trial</i>, or <i>double-blind study</i>. Concurrently, physicians overestimated general public awareness of the terms <i>placebo</i>, <i>cohort study</i>, <i>double-blind study</i>, and <i>randomized clinical trial</i> (in the <i>group of people under 60</i>). The results revealed the perception gap between the general public and physicians which raise serious concerns about obtaining proper IC from clinical research participants.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00247-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion on Editorial Boards of Global Health Journals 全球健康期刊编辑委员会的多样性、公平性和包容性

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00243-8

Muhammad Romail Manan, Iqra Nawaz, Sara Rahman, Areeba Razzaq, Fatima Zafar, Arisha Qazi, Kiera Liblik

{"title":"Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion on Editorial Boards of Global Health Journals","authors":"Muhammad Romail Manan, Iqra Nawaz, Sara Rahman, Areeba Razzaq, Fatima Zafar, Arisha Qazi, Kiera Liblik","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00243-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00243-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000Journals have been described as “duty bearers” of upholding fundamental ethical principles that are essential for maintaining the ethical integrity of newly generated and disseminated knowledge. To play our part, we evaluated diversity and inclusion in the leadership and management of global and international health journals. We developed Journal Diversity Index (JDI) to measure three parameters of diversity and representation (gender, geographic, socioeconomic status). Relevant information regarding editorial board members of systematically screened journals was sequentially extracted and job titles were categorized into five editorial roles. Chi-squared test was utilized to study associations between gender and geographic distribution of editors along with the Medline indexing of the journal and its impact factor. Out of 43 journals included, 62.7% were published from two high-income countries. Women comprised 44% of the total editors. Among all the editorial board members, we did not find any information suggesting the representation of non-binary and transgender individuals. Furthermore, 68.2% of editors were based in high-income countries with 67.3% of the editors belonging to the Global North. This disparity in geographic region and socioeconomic level was observed across all five editorial roles. Among all women editors, more than 70% worked in non-Medline and non-impact factor journals. Only two journals scored “excellent” on JDI. Despite the continuous evolution of the definition of global health ethics, marginalized individuals, and their perspectives remain underrepresented in this field. Thus, we call for swift action regarding the decentralization and redistribution of global and international health journal editorial boards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00243-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3