Asian Bioethics Review最新文献_第5页

Is it Permissible to use Human Eggs in In-vitro Fertilization Training Courses? Insights from Islamic Scholarship 是否允许在体外受精培训课程中使用人类卵子？伊斯兰学者的见解。

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00317-1

Saleem Ali Banihani

{"title":"Is it Permissible to use Human Eggs in In-vitro Fertilization Training Courses? Insights from Islamic Scholarship","authors":"Saleem Ali Banihani","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00317-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00317-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The utilization of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in assisted reproduction has undergone a notable surge since its inception in 1979. Consequently, the demand for well-trained IVF personnel has become crucial to address the expanding technical requirements of this field. However, acquiring specialized technical expertise remains a challenge in various regions and countries, particularly in the Arab Islamic region, frequently playing a pivotal role in the successful implementation of medical technology. Ensuring a proficient workforce of IVF experts requires the provision of practical and comprehensive training opportunities. This work reveals the ethical considerations surrounding the utilization of actual human eggs in IVF training courses and examines potential alternative approaches to meet the training needs in a manner deemed ethically acceptable. We analyzed the bioethical issues of using human eggs in IVF training, considering ethical principles, benefits, and concerns to determine permissibility and contribute to discussions on reproductive technology ethics and the responsible use of human reproductive material. In addition, we shed light on perspectives from Islamic scholarship. In conclusion, utilizing immature eggs in practical IVF training, while ensuring informed consent, is widely deemed acceptable within the ethical framework. However, the crucial necessity of robust oversight, especially in the private sector, cannot be overstated. To address these critical considerations, the initial and fundamental step entails conducting a comprehensive regional survey. Using immature eggs in IVF training seems acceptable, but it is crucial to establish an oversight practice. Organizing a collaborative workshop with stakeholders from both the public and private sectors is a crucial first step in developing this controlled practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"571 - 581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Permissibility of Biased AI in a Biased World: An Ethical Analysis of AI for Screening and Referrals for Diabetic Retinopathy in Singapore 在有偏见的世界中允许有偏见的人工智能：新加坡对糖尿病视网膜病变筛查和转诊的人工智能的伦理分析。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00315-3

Kathryn Muyskens, Angela Ballantyne, Julian Savulescu, Harisan Unais Nasir, Anantharaman Muralidharan

{"title":"The Permissibility of Biased AI in a Biased World: An Ethical Analysis of AI for Screening and Referrals for Diabetic Retinopathy in Singapore","authors":"Kathryn Muyskens, Angela Ballantyne, Julian Savulescu, Harisan Unais Nasir, Anantharaman Muralidharan","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00315-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00315-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A significant and important ethical tension in resource allocation and public health ethics is between utility and equity. We explore this tension between utility and equity in the context of health AI through an examination of a diagnostic AI screening tool for diabetic retinopathy developed by a team of researchers at Duke-NUS in Singapore. While this tool was found to be effective, it was not equally effective across every ethnic group in Singapore, being less effective for the minority Malay population than for the Chinese majority. We discuss the problematic normative nature of bias in health AI and explore the ways in which bias can interact with various forms of social inequalities. From there, we examine the specifics of the diabetic retinopathy case and weigh up specific trade-offs between utility and equity. Ultimately, we conclude that it is ethically permissible to prioritise utility over equity where certain criteria hold. Given that any medical AI is more likely than not to have lingering bias due to bias in the training data that may reflect other social inequalities, we argue that it is permissible to implement an AI tool with residual bias where: (1) its introduction reduces the influence of biases (even if overall inequality is worsened), and/or (2) where the utility gained is significant enough and shared across groups (even if unevenly).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"167 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Partial Disclosure in Research: Challenges, Justifications, and Recommendations for Ethical Oversight 探索研究中的部分披露：伦理监督的挑战、理由和建议。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00311-7

Ifeanyichukwu Akuma, Vina Vaswani

{"title":"Exploring Partial Disclosure in Research: Challenges, Justifications, and Recommendations for Ethical Oversight","authors":"Ifeanyichukwu Akuma, Vina Vaswani","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00311-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00311-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deception in research is contentious, as ethical codes stress informed consent, yet complete disclosure may jeopardise validity. Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines classify deception into active, incomplete, and authorised forms. This study explores the ethical justification for incomplete (partial disclosure), permissible instances, and the dilemma faced by ethics committees in balancing scientific rigour and participant protection. The qualitative, non-experimental cross-sectional research, using in-depth interviews, identifies themes through thematic analysis. Findings reveal challenges for ethics committees, as incomplete information hampers understanding, amongst others. The paper proposes an ethics committee framework, urging researchers to minimise or avoid partial deception and recommending institutional awareness campaigns and standard operating procedures for minimal-harm studies using partial disclosure. Therefore, it proposes that partial disclosure should be justified by the 3Vs—value, validity, and veracity to preserve research integrity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"21 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the General Population in Japan from Public Health Ethical Perspectives: Findings from a Narrative Review 从公共卫生伦理角度理解日本普通人群中COVID-19疫苗犹豫：一项叙述性综述的结果

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00310-8

Moe Kuroda, Md Koushik Ahmed, Kaku Kuroda, Sandra D. Lane

{"title":"Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the General Population in Japan from Public Health Ethical Perspectives: Findings from a Narrative Review","authors":"Moe Kuroda, Md Koushik Ahmed, Kaku Kuroda, Sandra D. Lane","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00310-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00310-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Japan has been reported as a country with high levels of vaccine hesitancy. However, a lack of comprehensive reviews studying factors for vaccine hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccines in the Japanese context from the perspective of ethical controversy exists. Using a narrative review method, we reviewed factors associated with vaccine hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccines and examined issues related to ethical controversy among the Japanese population. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy include concerns about vaccine safety, suspicion of vaccine inefficacy, mistrust of the government, and low perceived threat. Factors associated with vaccine acceptance include environmental factors, factors related to Japanese cultural values, including collectivism and social norms, and positive attitudes toward information provided by authorities. Unique backgrounds in Japan are historical events such as the anti-HPV vaccine campaigns, the accessible medical system fostering high expectations of zero risk, and cultural factors of caring social norms influencing vaccine acceptance. Ethical controversies arise from preferences and practices at the individual or national level around individual rights versus public health benefits. Healthcare professionals and public health experts should continue dialoguing with the critical mass, practitioners, and policymakers, considering the ethical dilemmas surrounding individual rights and public health benefits. Insights obtained from this study indicate the need to develop tailored strategies to enhance vaccine acceptance while respecting individual autonomy within the Japanese context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"141 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Triad Approach to Best Interests when Responding to Discharge Demands from Hospitalized Patients Lacking in Mental Capacity to Decide on Treatment 对缺乏决定治疗的精神能力的住院病人的出院要求作出反应时，三位一体的最佳利益方法。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00309-1

See Muah Lee, Nydia Camelia Mohd Rais, Gerard Porter

{"title":"A Triad Approach to Best Interests when Responding to Discharge Demands from Hospitalized Patients Lacking in Mental Capacity to Decide on Treatment","authors":"See Muah Lee, Nydia Camelia Mohd Rais, Gerard Porter","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00309-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00309-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hospitalized patients lacking the mental capacity to consent to treatment may demand to be discharged from the hospital against medical advice. Forced custody of these patients, including the use of restraints, may be required if the plan is to proceed with treatment. This raises ethical concerns with regard to depriving people of their liberty. The determination of the wishes and values of the patient and her best interests may sometimes vary, depending on the assessor or the clinical team entrusted to perform the evaluation. We therefore propose the following triad for clinicians when determining the best interests for this group of patients to ensure ethical and legal soundness as well as in providing consistency in approach. Firstly, the treatment should serve as a rescue response. Secondly, any restraint deployed must be proportionate with a foreseeable end. Her liberty and autonomy interests should be enhanced by the treatment. Thirdly, the patient’s family must be supportive. This paper analyzes the use of the triad approach on two clinical cases, both assessed as lacking in mental capacity to decide on treatment and insisting to be discharged. Using this approach, we could justify how the contrasting outcomes, one in which the voluntary discharge was acquiesced versus the other, which was not acquiesced, were reached. We also examine the compatibility of the triad approach with the obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"129 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determining Mental Capacity and Identifying Surrogates: The Need for Clearer Guidance on Medical Decision-Making in Malaysia 确定心理能力和识别替代品：马来西亚需要更明确的医疗决策指导。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00313-5

Mark Kiak Min Tan

{"title":"Determining Mental Capacity and Identifying Surrogates: The Need for Clearer Guidance on Medical Decision-Making in Malaysia","authors":"Mark Kiak Min Tan","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00313-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00313-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dilemmas and uncertainties related to determining mental capacity and surrogate decision-making are universally recognised as one of the most important concepts in the field of clinical ethics. In Malaysia, healthcare practitioners often find both determining decision-making capacity of patients, and identifying surrogate decision makers for incapacitated patients confusing. This paper explores the concepts of decision-making capacity and surrogate decision-making, identifying key components and associated principles such as substituted judgement and best interests. It reviews current provisions and guidances available in Malaysia that are related to these issues, including the Power of Attorney Act 1949 (revised 1990), Mental Health Act 2001, and various guidelines. It then highlights the challenges encountered in the local clinical setting due to the lack of specific legislation and clear guidance. Finally, this paper provides recommendations for improvements to address these issues in order to safeguard both the clinical practice of healthcare professionals and the rights of patients. These recommendations include the establishment of a regulatory framework with four main domains: clear and objective criteria for mental capacity assessment, provisions for advance decision-making while patients still possess mental capacity, a ladder or hierarchy of surrogate decision-makers, and provisions for appropriate surrogate decision-making standards, as well as the need for advocacy and awareness education among both the general public and healthcare professionals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"117 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Current State and Challenges of Clinical Ethics Consultation for Prenatal Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study of Committee Employee Perspectives in China 产前诊断临床伦理咨询的现状与挑战：基于中国委员会员工视角的定性研究。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00303-7

Ying Wu, Tianchi Hao, Xing Liu, Xin Zhang, Yuqiong Zhong, Dan Luo, Xiaomin Wang

{"title":"The Current State and Challenges of Clinical Ethics Consultation for Prenatal Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study of Committee Employee Perspectives in China","authors":"Ying Wu, Tianchi Hao, Xing Liu, Xin Zhang, Yuqiong Zhong, Dan Luo, Xiaomin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00303-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00303-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clinical ethics consultations (CECs) play an important role in resolving ethical issues in clinical practice worldwide. The government has encouraged the development of CECs in China to address the ethical challenges arising in prenatal diagnosis. So far, the current state and challenges facing CEC remain understudied. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of employees on ethics committees for prenatal diagnosis in 13 medical institutions in Hunan Province, China. Twenty-eight employees participated in interviews. Our qualitative approach employed content analysis to identify major themes in interviewees’ responses, which covered the composition and vision of their prenatal diagnosis ethics committee, as well as the challenges they faced. The results show that CEC in China is in an exploratory stage, with models for CEC composition, and workflow varying significantly. Therefore, we propose the future direction of efforts to improve CECs, including improving CEC working mechanisms and operating procedures, strengthening ethical training for healthcare workers and ethics committee employees, and developing more specific ethical guidance based on the accumulated experiences of ethics committee employees in the early development of CEC for prenatal diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"73 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opening Access to the Bioethics Spectrum 打开生物伦理学的大门

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00320-6

Graeme T. Laurie

引用次数: 0

An Ethical Analysis of the Online Content of Assisted Reproductive Technology Centers in Bangladesh 对孟加拉国辅助生殖技术中心在线内容的伦理分析

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00316-2

Md Shaikh Farid

{"title":"An Ethical Analysis of the Online Content of Assisted Reproductive Technology Centers in Bangladesh","authors":"Md Shaikh Farid","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00316-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00316-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become a widely utilized medical technology for treating infertility worldwide. However, societies and countries have applied these technologies in accordance with their cultural practices and belief systems. This paper presents an overview of ART providers in Bangladesh and analyzes their online content in addressing potential infertile couples. Examining the topic within the context of socio-economic and public health challenges in Bangladesh, particularly overpopulation, poverty, and lack of education, the research conducted a web content analysis of ART providers in Bangladesh from July 1 to September 1, 2023. Twenty active ART providers were identified using Google searches and an exploratory key. The analysis considered locations, landing page information, ethical standards, quality certification, foreign affiliations, and success rates. The findings revealed a concentration of centers in urban areas, raising concerns about equitable access. The absence of regulation and guidelines, coupled with the lack of ART clinic registration, highlighted potential risks to patient well-being. Landing page statements utilized highly emotive language and ambiguous terms, raising ethical concerns. The absence of explicit mention of quality standards, including ISO 9001:2000 certification, indicated potential gaps in transparency. Foreign affiliations were employed for credibility, raising concerns of misleading advertising. Limited and ambiguous reporting of success rates posed challenges for informed decision-making. Evident exploitative and commercialized practices raised concerns about potentially commodifying reproductive services. The study emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks, transparency in reporting, adherence to ethical advertising, and increased cultural sensitivity to enhance the ethical standards of ART providers in Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"16 4","pages":"739 - 756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142414368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Diversity in the Editorial Boards of Global Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals 全球妇产科学期刊编辑委员会的性别多样性。

IF 1.3

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00298-1

Seema Rawat, Pratyush Kumar, Lovish Wadhwa

{"title":"Gender Diversity in the Editorial Boards of Global Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals","authors":"Seema Rawat, Pratyush Kumar, Lovish Wadhwa","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00298-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00298-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gender representation in academic and professional settings is crucial for diversity and inclusivity. Editorial boards of scholarly journals shape research priorities, influencing global knowledge flow. In obstetrics and gynecology, with a focus on women’s health, board composition is of particular significance. This paper explores gender representation in international obstetrics and gynecology journal editorial boards, addressing potential disparities. The study adopts a cross-sectional design, analyzing the gender composition of editorial boards in global obstetrics and gynecology journals. A comprehensive search strategy identified relevant journals, using databases and manual searches. Inclusion criteria ensured journals’ language of use and disciplinary scope within obstetrics and gynecology. Ethical considerations prioritized privacy and confidentiality, with data extracted systematically. Genderize.io aided in gender determination of the board members. At the time of writing, among 1175 editorial members from 20 journals, 44.8% are females. Representation varies across roles: editor-in-chief (27.27% female), deputy/executive positions (43.33% female), senior/specialized positions (50.66% female), wider/general positions (45.89% female), nonacademic positions (36% female), external academic positions (19.56% female), honorary/founding positions (33.33% female), and administrative positions (31.03% female). This study contributes a comprehensive analysis of gender representation in obstetrics and gynecology journal editorial boards. Persistent disparities across roles underscore the need for targeted interventions to foster diversity and equity. Ethical considerations emphasize the importance of addressing these disparities for social justice and research integrity. Recommendations to guide journals in fostering inclusive editorial practices, contributing to a more equitable landscape in obstetrics and gynecology research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"43 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0