Asian Bioethics Review最新文献_第7页

Optimism about Measuring Animal Feelings 测量动物情感的乐观主义。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00244-7

Heather Browning, Walter Veit

引用次数: 0

Genetic Data Governance in Japanese Hospitals 日本医院的基因数据治理。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00242-9

Mizuho Yamazaki Suzuki, Yuko Ohnuki, Kei Takeshita

{"title":"Genetic Data Governance in Japanese Hospitals","authors":"Mizuho Yamazaki Suzuki, Yuko Ohnuki, Kei Takeshita","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00242-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00242-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract </h2><div><p>The storage and access of genetic testing results have unique considerations for medical records. Initially, genetic testing was limited to patients with single gene diseases. Genetic medicine and testing have expanded, as have concerns about appropriately handling genetic information. In this study, we surveyed the management of genetic information in general hospitals in Japan using a questionnaire on access restrictions. Our questions included whether any other medical information was managed in a unique way. We identified 1037 hospitals designated for clinical training located throughout Japan and received responses from 258 hospitals, and 191 reported that they handle genetic information and results of genetic tests. Of the 191 hospitals that handle genetic information, 112 hospitals implement access restrictions to genetic information. Seventy-one hospitals, one of which uses paper medical records rather than electrical medical records, do not enforce access restrictions. For eight hospitals, it was not known whether access restrictions were enforced or not. The responses from these hospitals indicated that access restrictions and storage methods varied across institution type (e.g., general vs. university hospitals), institution size, and the presence of a clinical genetics department. Other information, such as infectious disease diagnosis, psychological counseling records, abuse, and criminal history, was also subject to access restriction in 42 hospitals. The disparity in how medical facilities handle sensitive genetic information demonstrates a need for discussion between medical professionals and the general public on the storage of sensitive records, including genetic information.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00242-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9714062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics and Evidence: Mapping New Paths Through Bioethical Controversies 伦理与证据：通过生物伦理争议绘制新路径

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00246-5

Graeme T. Laurie

引用次数: 0

Ethics Guideline Development for Neuroscience Research involving Patients with Mental Illness in Japan 日本精神疾病患者神经科学研究伦理指南的制定。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00240-x

Yoshiyuki Takimoto, Akifumi Shimanouchi

引用次数: 0

Poor Representation of Developing Countries in Editorial Boards of Leading Obstetrics and Gynaecology Journals 发展中国家在主要妇产科期刊编辑委员会中的代表性较差

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00241-w

Seema Rawat, Priyanka Mathe, Vishnu B. Unnithan, Pratyush Kumar, Kumar Abhishek, Nazia Praveen, Kiran Guleria

{"title":"Poor Representation of Developing Countries in Editorial Boards of Leading Obstetrics and Gynaecology Journals","authors":"Seema Rawat, Priyanka Mathe, Vishnu B. Unnithan, Pratyush Kumar, Kumar Abhishek, Nazia Praveen, Kiran Guleria","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00241-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00241-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence suggests a limited contribution to the total research output in leading obstetrics and gynaecology journals by researchers from the developing world. Editorial bias, quality of scientific research produced and language barriers have been attributed as possible causes for this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of editorial board members based out of low and lower-middle income countries in leading journals in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. The top 21 journals in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology were selected based on their impact factor, SCImago ranking and literature search. The composition of the editorial boards of these journals was studied based on World Bank Income Criteria to understand the representation status of researchers from low and lower-middle income countries. A total of 1315 board members make up the editorial composition of leading obstetrics and gynaecology journals. The majority of these editors belong to high-income countries (<i>n</i> = 1148; 87.3%). Low (<i>n</i> = 6; 0.45%) and lower-middle income (<i>n</i> = 55; 4.18%) countries make up for a very minuscule proportion of editorial board members. Only a meagre 9 out of 21 journals have editorial board members from these countries (42.85%). Low and low-middle countries have poor representation in the editorial boards of leading obstetrics and gynaecology journals. Poor representation in research from these countries has grave consequences for a large proportion of the global population and multidisciplinary collaborative efforts must be taken to rapidly change this statistic with immediate effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00241-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10106078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ethical Issues faced by Home Care Physicians and Nurses in Japan and their Ethics Support Needs: a Nationwide Survey 日本家庭护理医生和护士面临的道德问题及其道德支持需求：一项全国性调查。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00238-5

Kei Takeshita, Noriko Nagao, Toshihiko Dohzono, Keiko Kamiya, Yasuhiko Miura

{"title":"Ethical Issues faced by Home Care Physicians and Nurses in Japan and their Ethics Support Needs: a Nationwide Survey","authors":"Kei Takeshita, Noriko Nagao, Toshihiko Dohzono, Keiko Kamiya, Yasuhiko Miura","doi":"10.1007/s41649-023-00238-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-023-00238-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to identify the ethical issues faced by home care physicians and nurses, and the support they require. It was conducted in collaboration with the Japanese Association for Home Care Medicine from November to December 2020. An e-mail was sent to 2785 physicians and 582 nurses who are members of the society, requesting their participation in a web-based survey targeting physicians and nurses with practical experience in home care; 152 physicians and 53 nurses responded. Home care physicians and nurses face ethical issues, some of which are that “the patient’s wishes cannot be reliably understood owing to their impaired decision-making capacity” and “there is disagreement between the patient and their family members over the necessary healthcare.” The respondents sought “experience with, and insight into, healthcare ethics” and “home care” from people with whom they would consult on ethical issues, but at the time of the actual consultation, those individuals were the main healthcare professionals involved with the patient. In addition, the respondents desired to have “multidisciplinary discussions in the community,” “participation of healthcare ethics experts at meetings,” and “meetings held by healthcare ethics experts” to discuss specific cases. Given these results and the history of healthcare ethics education in Japan—which has been implemented mostly for healthcare providers—we conclude that it is important for academic societies that offer healthcare ethics education to healthcare providers and regional core hospitals with ethics support resources to collaborate to provide ethics consultation services in the community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-023-00238-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Framework to Address Barriers to Healthcare for People with Disabilities in India 解决印度残疾人医疗保健障碍的伦理框架

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00239-4

Rajeswaran Thiagesan, Vijayaprasad Gopichandran, Hilaria Soundari

引用次数: 0

Islamic Perspectives on Elective Ovarian Tissue Freezing by Single Women for Non-medical or Social Reasons 伊斯兰对单身女性非医学或社会原因选择性卵巢组织冷冻的看法。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00236-z

Alexis Heng Boon Chin, Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin, Mohd Faizal Ahmad

{"title":"Islamic Perspectives on Elective Ovarian Tissue Freezing by Single Women for Non-medical or Social Reasons","authors":"Alexis Heng Boon Chin, Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin, Mohd Faizal Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s41649-022-00236-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-022-00236-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-medical or Social egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation) is currently a controversial topic in Islam, with contradictory <i>fatwas</i> being issued in different Muslim countries. While Islamic authorities in Egypt permit the procedure, <i>fatwas</i> issued in Malaysia have banned single Muslim women from freezing their unfertilized eggs (vitrified oocytes) to be used later in marriage. The underlying principles of the Malaysian <i>fatwas</i> are that (i) sperm and egg cells produced before marriage, should not be used during marriage to conceive a child; (ii) extraction of mature egg cells from single women being unacceptable; and (iii) fertility preservation in anticipation of late marriage is a conjecture that has not yet occurred. Ovarian tissue freezing can potentially be a more <i>Shariah</i>-compliant alternative to social egg freezing, because once the frozen ovarian cortical tissue sections have been re-transplanted back into the woman, mature egg cells can readily be produced, collected, and fertilized by the husband’s sperm only during the period of marriage contract (′<i>akd al-nikāḥ</i>). Unlike accidental mix-ups with frozen eggs, muddling of lineage (<i>nasab</i>) would be automatically avoided in ovarian tissue freezing due to immunological rejection. However, upon critical analysis based on <i>Qawā’id Fiqhiyyah</i> (Islamic Legal Maxims), <i>Maqāṣid-al-Shariah</i> (Higher Objectives of Islamic Law), and <i>Maslaḥah-Mafsadah</i> (benefits versus harmful effects on society), elective ovarian tissue freezing by healthy single women for social reasons would likely be a highly contentious and controversial issue within Muslim communities that may conflict with conservative social-religious norms. This thus needs further debate among Islamic jurists in dialogue with medical doctors and biomedical scientists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-022-00236-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mapping the ‘Ethical’ Controversy of Human Heritable Genome Editing: a Multidisciplinary Approach 绘制人类可遗传基因组编辑的“伦理”争议：一种多学科方法

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00234-1

Richard Pougnet, Benjamin Derbez, Marie-Bérengère Troadec

{"title":"Mapping the ‘Ethical’ Controversy of Human Heritable Genome Editing: a Multidisciplinary Approach","authors":"Richard Pougnet, Benjamin Derbez, Marie-Bérengère Troadec","doi":"10.1007/s41649-022-00234-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-022-00234-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genome editing, for instance by CRISPR-Cas, is a major advancement of the last 10 years in medicine but questions ethically our practices. In particular, human embryo heritable genome editing is a source of great controversy. We explored how this ethical question was debated in the literature from PubMed database, in a period of 4 years (2016–2020) around the announcement of the ‘CRISPR babies’ Chinese experiment in November 2018. We evaluated the weight of the arguments for and against this topic, through an analysis of reviews published on this question. The most important arguments come from the technical perspective: safety issues and benefits, putative long-term effects on the future generations and the need to assess this aspect. Next, foreseeable clinical benefits and the alternatives to these methods are discussed. The number of people that would benefit from such techniques is also considered. However, social and anthropological issues are addressed in a more disparate way. Parenthood and desire for children are sometimes overlooked. Few authors mention social justice, stigmatisation and equality of access. Consent and information are more clearly addressed, as well as the question of the relationship between generations. Finally, the effects on the nature of humankind or human species are far from being consensual; the risks of enhancement, eugenics and transhumanism are raised. We conclude that the risks associated with the immaturity of the technique were at the forefront of the ethical debate on human embryo heritable genome editing. Their consequences were seen as more immediate and easier to handle than those of sociological or anthropological projections, which are more speculative in nature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-022-00234-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Emotional Artificial Intelligence: A Mixed Method Analysis 情感人工智能的伦理学：一种混合方法分析。

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00237-y

Nader Ghotbi

{"title":"The Ethics of Emotional Artificial Intelligence: A Mixed Method Analysis","authors":"Nader Ghotbi","doi":"10.1007/s41649-022-00237-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-022-00237-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotions play a significant role in human relations, decision-making, and the motivation to act on those decisions. There are ongoing attempts to use artificial intelligence (AI) to read human emotions, and to predict human behavior or actions that may follow those emotions. However, a person’s emotions cannot be easily identified, measured, and evaluated by others, including automated machines and algorithms run by AI. The ethics of emotional AI is under research and this study has examined the emotional variables as well as the perception of emotional AI in two large random groups of college students in an international university in Japan, with a heavy representation of Japanese, Indonesian, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, and other Asian nationalities. Surveys with multiple close-ended questions and an open-ended essay question regarding emotional AI were administered for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. The results demonstrate how ethically questionable results may be obtained through affective computing and by searching for correlations in a variety of factors in collected data to classify individuals into certain categories and thus aggravate bias and discrimination. Nevertheless, the qualitative study of students’ essays shows a rather optimistic view over the use of emotional AI, which helps underscore the need to increase awareness about the ethical pitfalls of AI technologies in the complex field of human emotions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-022-00237-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1