Asian Bioethics Review最新文献

{"title":"Misrepresenting Female Doctors in Pakistan: How the “Doctor Bride” Phenomenon Causes Epistemic Injustice","authors":"Sundus Iftikhar,&nbsp;Sarosh Saleem","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00329-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00329-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gender discrimination in the medical profession is a pressing issue in Pakistan, and the derogatory term “Doctor Bride” has perpetuated harmful stereotypes about female doctors. This paper argues that gender biases and societal expectations hinder women from pursuing careers in medicine. The focus on the term and stereotyping of female doctors is based on prejudice, which results in epistemic injustices. It fails to address the systemic issues that keep female doctors out of clinical practice. The cultural norms and prejudices towards women in professional settings exacerbate the challenges they face in pursuing a medical career. These challenges include social and cultural expectations of prioritizing family over careers, biases in healthcare organizations, and discouragement for married women or those with children to pursue certain specialties. This paper highlights the need to address gender discrimination and create a more inclusive environment for women in the medical profession in Pakistan and globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"583 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myths and Realities about the Private Sector Stem Cell Industry in Malaysia","authors":"Kean Chang Phang,&nbsp;Mohammad Firdaus Bin Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00330-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00330-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Notwithstanding its potential medical benefits, there are unproven stem cell–based therapies being offered across the globe. Little is known about the landscape of Malaysia’s private stem cell sector of which this study aims to explore. Qualitative study was conducted to explore its status through empirical interviews with stakeholders in the private sector. This study reveals that private researchers face with limited funding and overwhelming bureaucracies resulting in a low output. There is also a lack of governance for stem cell therapy, and some concerns over how stem cell–based therapies are being offered. Hence, urgent interventions by regulatory authorities are vital to ensure ethical and safe clinical practices in the private sector to protect the reputation of this promising industry.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 4","pages":"729 - 752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Implicitness: An Empirical Ethics Analysis of Indonesian Everyday Family Involvement in a Palliative Care Setting","authors":"Raditya Bagas Wicaksono,&nbsp;Amalia Muhaimin,&nbsp;Dick L. Willems,&nbsp;Jeannette Pols","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00360-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00360-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lack of professional support for patients needing palliative care in Indonesia leads to a heavier reliance on family members for care. However, family tensions often arise from unmet expectations about support from other family members. This study explores implicitness, which we describe as the use of indirect or unspoken methods to communicate messages. We argue that the value of implicitness strongly influences the communication of these expectations and affects family caregiving dynamics. This paper aims to discuss the hidden expectations shaped by implicitness, what makes it an important value in family care, its ethical implications, and strategies for resolving the problems that arise from it. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Banyumas, Indonesia, involving in-depth interviews, home observations, and focus group discussions with patients, families, and health professionals. Data were analyzed through an empirical ethics approach. Our findings indicate that implicitness shapes family expectations regarding involvement of other family members in daily caring activities and financial support. Implicitness serves as an important value as it seeks to preserve sincerity and also maintain harmony, by not directly asking for help. However, implicitness can also lead to underlying family tensions that hinder proper care and reduce the well-being of patients and families. Families were able to resolve problems by accepting difficult circumstances or sharing them with health professionals. We suggest that health professionals should acknowledge the role of implicitness and use active listening skills to identify potential problems. If appropriate, they could help persuade family members to be more actively involved in caregiving through indirect communication. By doing so, they may enhance the well-being of both patients and families without needing every expectation to be directly and explicitly articulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"55 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-025-00360-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoughts and Behaviors of Chinese and Japanese Doctors when faced with the Death of a Patient: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Doctors’ Responses to a Hypothetical Scenario","authors":"Hua Xu,&nbsp;Taketoshi Okita,&nbsp;Masao Tabata,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Kadooka,&nbsp;Atsushi Asai","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00326-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00326-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China and Japan have similar cultures but differing healthcare systems. In both countries, admissions of medical error and apologies by doctors continue to be an important but difficult issue. The present study aimed to examine and compare the thoughts and behaviors of Chinese and Japanese doctors when faced with the unexpected death of a patient. Qualitative descriptive analysis was performed to compare the responses of 20 doctors from each country to a hypothetical scenario involving the death of a patient. We found that almost all doctors in both countries considered the treatment process described in the hypothetical scenario to be inappropriate and most would feel regret when faced with the young patient’s death. There was a disagreement concerning responsibility for the patient death among the doctors regardless of their nationality. Doctors decided how to behave facing the patient death after anticipating the bereaved family’s reaction and their initial responses varied widely. Japanese doctors indicated that they would communicate with the patient’s family after a patient died, whereas none of the Chinese doctors indicated they would do so due to a fear of physical violence from the bereaved family. Finally, the decision on whether to disclose the medical error and apology was made after careful and complex consideration. In conclusion, significant differences were observed between Chinese and Japanese doctors with respect to communicating with, and disclosing errors and apologizing to, the bereaved family. We discuss both the ethical and social implications of these differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 4","pages":"671 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-024-00326-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Priorities in Asian Paediatric Ethics","authors":"Roy Joseph,&nbsp;Dominic Wilkinson","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00367-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00367-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 2","pages":"227 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abortion: Ethical and Legal Perspectives in Indonesia","authors":"Adji Suwandono,&nbsp; Busyra","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00322-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00322-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indonesian law assures the right of its citizens to access health services for abortion procedures under strict criteria. The enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 about the Criminal Code (KUHP) changed previous regulations regarding the time the abortion is allowed. Abortion is closely related to ethical and moral considerations. The central ethical and moral debate about abortion, especially in Indonesia, revolves around when a fetus is considered a human being and how this aligns with the Indonesian Medical Code of Ethics (KODEKI). On the other hand, the safety and welfare of pregnant women should also be considered. Therefore, all medical and healthcare professionals must understand all aspects of the ethics and laws regarding abortion that apply in Indonesia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"535 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Public Health and Autonomy: Ethical Challenges in Manila’s Health Permit Requirement","authors":"Joshua Cedric A. Gundayao","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00366-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00366-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This perspective article examines the ethical implications of Manila City Ordinance No. 8793, also known as the “Sanitation and Disinfection Code of Manila.” This ordinance mandates centralizing health screenings through the Manila Health Department for all city employees working in government and private institutions. While the ordinance aims to centralize public health measures to enhance disease control in the city, it raises concerns regarding individual autonomy in relation to public health. In this article, I will highlight how the ordinance’s stringent requirements potentially infringe individual autonomy and, worst of all, disproportionately affect low-income workers. To do this, I will explore the possible tension between public health and the principle of autonomy in enacting this ordinance. This article hopes to contribute to the broader discourse on public health ethics, particularly in contexts where policies set to attain their goals might unintentionally infringe on individual autonomy and exacerbate existing equality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"357 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Assistance in Dying and Climate Change: Four Potential Scenarios and a Call for Research","authors":"Luis Espericueta","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00365-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00365-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"231 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Dissemination of Non-compliant Research: Threats to Public Trust, Ethical Standards, and Systemic Integrity","authors":"Amar Rajan","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00362-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00362-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"7 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islamic Bioethics Viewpoint on Elective Brain Chip Implants and Brain-Computer Interfaces for Enhancing Academic Performance in Competitive Examinations","authors":"Alexis Heng Boon Chin,&nbsp;Rosazra Roslan,&nbsp;Nimah Alsomali,&nbsp;Qosay Al-Balas,&nbsp;Belal Barakat Sulaiman Salhab,&nbsp;Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00333-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00333-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first implantation of a brain chip into a human paralysis patient by Neuralink demonstrated much potential for treating debilitating neurological diseases and injuries. Nevertheless, brain chips can also be implanted in healthy people to provide an interface between the human brain with computers, robotic machines, and novel artificial intelligence platforms, which generates new ethical issues. The focus here is on the development of brain chip implants that can significantly improve memory, intelligence, and cognition, thereby boosting performance in national examinations for university admissions and securing civil service jobs, thus providing a “game-changer” and “shortcut” for many students and parents. Given that Islam is a major world religion, constituting a significant portion of the global population, it is crucial for the biomedical industry to comprehend Islamic perspectives on emerging medical technologies, which will enable it to more effectively cater to a substantial and growing demographic. We thus critically examine whether the application of brain chip technology to enhance academic performance in highly competitive examinations is consistent with Islamic principles. Based on the Islamic jurisprudential framework, such an application for intellectual enhancement of normal and healthy people without any mental impairment may conflict with the injunction to preserve intellect (<i>Hifz al-Aql</i>) and “consideration of consequences” (<i>murāʿāt al-ma'ālāt</i>) in Islam. It may also be viewed as tampering with Allah’s creation (<i>Taghyir Khalq Allah</i>). Gaining such unfair advantages in competitive examinations will likely be viewed as unethical, by transgressing the core Islamic precepts of <i>Amanah</i> (trustworthiness), <i>Al-‘Adl</i> (justice), <i>Ikhlas</i> (sincerity), and <i>Mujahadah</i> (striving).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"79 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}