Water Research最新文献

{"title":"A dynamic urban flood risk prediction framework for real-time flood risk early warning.","authors":"Qiang Liu, Jiachen Guo, Chuanxing Zheng, Yinghu Zhao, Zhanyou Liu, Wenlong Song, Zhijie Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short-term urban flood early warning requires not only rapid prediction of future inundation depth fields, but also timely identification of high-risk areas. To address the high computational cost of high-resolution two-dimensional hydrodynamic models and their limited ability to support real-time risk updating, this study proposes a History-Driven Source-Node Multi-Step Depth Prediction Network (HDMP-Net). The model formulates urban flood prediction as a heterogeneous mapping from overflow source terms to surface-grid responses. It integrates historical surface water depths, dynamic rainfall-overflow source terms, and source-node spatial-structural priors, and predicts continuous inundation depth fields over the next 1 h through a source-node structural attention mechanism and multi-step incremental decoding. On this basis, the predicted water depth is further used as a time-varying hazard factor and integrated with indicators including population density, building density, road density, pipeline density, elevation, and slope to establish a dynamic flood risk assessment procedure. The results show that HDMP-Net achieves high accuracy in inundation depth prediction across three independent test events, with MAE values of 0.0194-0.0225 m and RMSE values of 0.0431-0.0465 m, without evident systematic bias. The predicted results effectively preserve the consistency of inundation extent, deep-water zones, and water-depth hydrographs at key overflow points. The risk estimates derived from the predicted water depths are highly consistent with the reference risk results, with risk-level accuracy ranging from 0.8885 to 0.9650 and recall for high and very-high risk zones ranging from 0.9465 to 0.9814. In terms of computational efficiency, HDMP-Net reduces the time required to generate inundation depth fields for a complete event from approximately 149 min with the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to 9 min, corresponding to a reduction of 93.97%. For a single short-term update, it can generate future inundation depth fields and complete risk mapping within seconds. These findings indicate that HDMP-Net provides a rapid and reliable technical basis for short-term urban inundation depth prediction, flood risk zoning, and high-risk area identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt B","pages":"126983"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-enhanced machine learning model improves microbial community analysis of anaerobic digestion systems.","authors":"Youshuai Fang, Weiqin Ma, Wen-Tso Liu, Lin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An integrative framework combining a large language model (LLM) with sequence-based machine learning was developed and applied to 16S rRNA gene-based microbial analyses in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems that constantly receive wasted biomass from upstream activated sludge (AS) processes. Using ChatGPT API, all genus-level microbes in the MiDAS 16S rRNA gene database for wastewater microbiome were annotated according to their environmental preferences (aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative) and categorized into four groups: AS-specific, AD-specific, both AS and AD, and unsure. The results were subsequently paired with full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences for training a random forest classifier based on DNA k-mer frequency patterns. The resulting model demonstrated strong predictive performance across multiple sequence types, achieving 98.76% accuracy on full-length taxonomically classified sequences, 78.87% accuracy on full-length taxonomically unclassified sequences, and over 94% accuracy on partial amplicon sequences. When applied to datasets from previous laboratory-scale and full-scale AD studies, the model successfully identified AS-specific sequences from AD samples, substantially reducing biological noise and revealing clearer beta-diversity clustering. Overall, this study establishes a scalable LLM-enhanced machine learning framework for microbial functional inference directly from 16S rRNA gene sequences, with broad potential applicability to microbial community analyses in a wide range of biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt B","pages":"126978"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorination amplifies source-dependent photochemical divergence between microplastic-derived and fulvic-acid dissolved organic matter.","authors":"Zixuan Zhang, Yuxin Wang, Shichen Wei, Zhengyang Shang, Peng Liu, Hanzhong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorination is widely applied before the discharge of wastewater effluent into receiving waters, yet the distinct response of artificial and non-plastic dissolved organic matter (DOM) to chlorination remains unclear. Here, fulvic-acid (FA), expanded polystyrene-derived DOM (EPS-DOM) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-derived DOM (PBAT-DOM) were compared to determine how chlorination-induced optical and molecular transformations regulate sulfamethazine (SMT) photodegradation. Chlorination caused pronounced source-dependent DOM restructuring. The E₂/E₃ ratio increased from 4.60 to 42.92 for EPS-DOM and from 3.09 to 41.50 for PBAT-DOM, but fluorescence intensities decreased by 81.0% and 97.2%, respectively. By comparison, FA showed positive responses after chlorination. FT-ICR-MS identified PBAT-DOM as the most extensively altered molecular structures. Additionally, chlorination increased the SMT photodegradation rate (k_obs) from 0.0079 to 0.0111 h^-1 for EPS-DOM and from 0.0073 to 0.0085 h^-1 for PBAT-DOM; however, chlorinated PBAT-DOM displayed decreased k_obs from 0.0089 to 0.0079 h^-1 in river water, indicating greater matrix sensitivity. Mechanism analysis shows that chlorination affected the contributions of ³DOM*, ¹O₂, •OH, and O₂^•-, reduced electron-donating capacity, and altered the light-shielding effects of DOM, particularly MP-DOM. Overall, chlorination amplifies the photochemical divergence between MP-DOM and FA, making MP-DOM a more sensitive regulator of contaminant phototransformation in receiving water.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt B","pages":"126980"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions from tropical high-mountain Andean lakes: marks of human impact.","authors":"Long Ho, Matti Barthel, Pablo V Mosquera, Roland A Werner, Nico Kueter, Samuel Bodé, Marguerite Breeur, Diego Panique-Casso, Wout Van Echelpoel, Ruben Jerves-Cobo, Pascal Boeckx, Johan Six, Peter Goethals","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical high-mountain lakes represent a biogeochemically distinct but poorly characterized subset of global lake research, with their greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics remaining largely unexplored. Here, we present the first comprehensive assessment of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes, dissolved concentrations, and isotopic signatures in high-mountain Andean lakes (3,100-4,450 m elevation). We combined diel measurements, depth profiling, and stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C-CO₂, δ¹³C-DIC, δ¹³C-CH₄, and δ¹⁵N- and δ¹⁸O-N₂O) to characterize GHG sources, production pathways, and environmental drivers across gradients of morphometry, lithology, and human impact. Shallow wetland-connected lakes functioned as strong CO₂ (up to 1,639 mg m^-2 d^-1) and CH₄ (up to 604 mg m^-2 d^-1) sources but persistent N₂O sinks (up to -45.4 µg m^-2 d^-1), while deeper, less connected lakes exhibited lower CO₂ and CH₄ emissions and slight N₂O effluxes. Diel patterns revealed metabolic control over CO₂ dynamics, with nighttime fluxes 3.2 times higher than daytime values, and temperature-driven episodic CH₄ flux peaks in the shallowest systems. Deep lakes maintained well-oxygenated water columns with respiratory CO₂ accumulation at depth, while elevated surface CH₄ suggested the presence of lateral littoral inputs and oxic methane paradox production. Isotope signatures indicated that CO₂ originated primarily from C₃ plant organic matter respiration and bedrock composition (δ¹³C-CO₂: -40 ‰ to -16 ‰), CH₄ from biogenic methanogenesis with partial oxidation during upward transport, and minimal N₂O cycling under nitrogen-limited conditions. Anthropogenic disturbance amplified CH₄ emissions by an order of magnitude while enhancing N₂O consumption through complete denitrification. Our findings demonstrate that Andean remote oligotrophic lakes are sensitive to even minor catchment disturbance and exhibit distinct GHG dynamics given their unique characteristics, with implications for incorporating high-mountain lakes into global emission inventories.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt B","pages":"126974"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the neglected feedback of accumulated polyphenol toward self-enhanced electro-polymerization.","authors":"Yang Yu, Peng Wang, Hetao Liu, Zewen Wang, Xian Pan, Ruilei Wang, Huachang Jin, Qian Li, Yingtang Zhou, Dongzhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electro-polymerization has emerged as a promising wastewater treatment process due to the merits of zero CO₂ emission, little chemical/energy input, and resource recovery. However, the counterreaction of surface-adsorbed polymer toward the subsequent electro-polymerization remains indeterminate. Herein, we tried to explore the neglected feedback of surface-adsorbed polymer toward electro-polymerization. We demonstrated that the generated polyphenol gradually accumulated onto the MoO₂-based electroactive membrane, which in situ established an interfacial hydrophobicity microenvironment. This drove the formation of Mo(Ⅵ), with its steady-state concentration elevated by two orders of magnitude, and in turn promoted the phenoxy radical generation, finally triggering an unexpected self-enhanced electro-polymerization. Consequently, an over 100% electronic utilization efficiency, which was almost unrealizable in the conventional electro-oxidation system, was obtained. In addition, the surface-covered polyphenol could be recovered by a facile polarity reversal method, maximizing net profit of 53.9 ¥·m^-3. These findings shed light on the underlying potential interaction between the surface-covered polymer and the electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"303 ","pages":"126285"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Hydrological seasonality mediates scale-dependent land use effects on riverine microplastic pollution\" [Water Research 301 (2026) 126043].","authors":"Qinwei Chen, Peng Wang, Ru Liu, Wang Shu, Guangpeng Liu, Lixin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":" ","pages":"126329"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acclimation of microbial communities in low dissolved oxygen and low pH driven start-up of microaerobic activated sludge process to recover ammonium from fermentation industrial wastewater.","authors":"Kengo Momiuchi, Tomo Aoyagi, Takuma Suzuki, Taku Fujiwara, Akihiko Terada, Hidehiro Sugiura, Tetsuya Abe, Tomoyuki Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although microaerobic activated sludge process has been developed to convert nitrogen compounds in fermentation industrial wastewater to ammonium, its applicability at the industrially relevant situations is largely unknown. Here, responses of the treatment performances and microbial communities to the sequential settings of the low DO and/or low pH conditions for the effective start-up of the practically downscaled processes fed with the simulated wastewater derived from real streams were investigated by the 3D fluorescence spectroscopy, LC-TOF-MS, qPCR of nitrification-related functional genes and high-throughput sequencing of 16S/18S rRNA genes. The ammonium conversion and retention rates increased rapidly to 77.6-103.6% in all the settings, highlighting the relevance of the process in the context of nitrogen recovery with a combination of the downstream concentration and separation steps in practical application. The advancement was associated with the formation of the stable whole prokaryotic communities and the decline (∼2 order decreases in gene copies) of the abundant nitrifier ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The hydrolytic and/or proteolytic Extensimonas soli and Thermomonas haemolytica commonly proliferated and predominated at ∼51.1% and ∼26.5% of the total, suggesting their central involvements in ammonification. The TOC removal rates were relatively high (>88.3%), although exhibiting the trade-off relationship with nitrogen recovery, for which some dissolved organic residues, e.g., amino acid-related substances, were identified. An issue of this process was the increases in the treated wastewater turbidities but could be alleviated by DO control. The eukaryotes Amoebozoa and Ochrophyta, as well as AOB, were responsible for the sludge flocculation, owing to the comparison with the conventional nitrification-denitrification process with the low turbidities. Consequently, this study illuminated the high adaptabilities of microbial communities to the changing conditions for establishment of the novel nitrogen circular technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"303 ","pages":"126305"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving the estuary: how colony morphology and nutrient history shape Microcystis salt tolerance.","authors":"Haipeng Wu, Yingying Huang, Xiaojing Shao, Xuechu Chen, Ilia Ostrovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harmful freshwater cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis, are increasingly reported in brackish estuaries, yet the extracellular mechanisms that allow freshwater colonies to withstand salt stress in nature remain unresolved. This study combined field surveys with in situ bottle and enclosure experiments to examine how colony size, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and upstream nitrogen availability shape the salinity tolerance of Microcystis transported from upstream lakes to the brackish water. Larger colonies were more abundant under higher salinity in the estuary, and redundancy analysis showed that salinity and water temperature were the primary correlates of colony size distributions. In situ suspended bottle experiments demonstrated that larger colonies maintained positive growth at higher salinity thresholds than small colonies, and that EPS accumulation increased with colony size. Small colonies showed rapid EPS synthesis under low-salt stress but were unable to sustain this response once salinity exceeded 10-12‰. Enclosure experiments further revealed that low nitrogen availability in upstream freshwater promoted the formation of larger colonies, enhanced EPS production, and strengthened physiological resistance to salt stress during downstream transport. These findings indicate that colony morphology and EPS act as key mediators of Microcystis survival along freshwater-estuarine gradients, and that nitrogen limitation upstream can facilitate bloom persistence in brackish water. Integrating colony size, EPS dynamics, and nutrient regimes into monitoring and management frameworks will improve early warning capacity for bloom propagation in estuaries under increasing anthropogenic and climate-driven pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"303 ","pages":"126276"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Plasma-enhanced microbial electrolytic disinfection: Decoupling electro- and plasma-chemistry in plasma-electrolyzed oxidizing water using ion-exchange membranes\" [Water Research, 225(2022), 119174].","authors":"Jiao Lin, Jishen Zhang, Renwu Zhou, Li Guo, Dingxin Liu, Mingzhe Rong, Michael G Kong, Kostya Ostrikov","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":" ","pages":"126148"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Efficient adsorption and degradation of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by Nanomaterial-modified biochar: insights into microbial communities, functional genes, and metabolic pathways\" [Water Research 289 (2026) 124986].","authors":"Weijian Zhang, Jingyi Feng, Xueyan Bai, Lu Jiang, Lei Gao, Siyu Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":" ","pages":"126216"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}