{"title":"Lost Disagreement: On Predicates of Personal Taste and the Superiority Approach","authors":"Marián Zouhar","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00640-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00640-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indexical contextualism has trouble explaining disagreements between utterances of “X is tasty” and “X is not tasty” because it treats them as semantically expressing propositions containing perspectives (e.g., judges) as their constituents. They are thus not incompatible. To overcome the problem, some philosophers suggested extending indexical contextualism with a pragmatic explanation of disagreements according to which the speakers of “X is tasty” and “X is not tasty” disagree because they pragmatically convey incompatible propositions by their respective utterances. The main aim of the present paper is to show that at least some pragmatically extended indexical contextualist theories face a serious problem. This is because the pragmatically conveyed propositions turn out to be inherently perspective-dependent, which means that the alleged incompatibility between them does not arise. Moreover, it is by no means easy to overcome the problem of the inherent perspective-dependence of pragmatically conveyed propositions. Although the discussion primarily focuses on Julia Zakkou’s superiority theory, which is rather novel and has not yet been subjected to thoroughgoing critical examination, its outcomes apply to some other theories too. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"41 1","pages":"109 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00640-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Reflections on the Goal-Directed Theory of Emotion","authors":"David Pineda-Oliva","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00637-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00637-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I discuss the goal-directed theory of emotion as advanced and defended by psychologist Agnes Moors. I give some reasons for supporting one of its main tenets, namely, that emotional episodes involve decision-making processes. I will however object that the theory has trouble to account for some aspects of positive emotions and in general to accommodate some instances of extremely positive and extremely negative emotions. I will also argue that, in order to account for the irrationality involved in emotional recalcitrance, some sort of duality of emotional mechanisms is also required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"41 1","pages":"167 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00637-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pragmatic Encroachment Defended: A Response to Wolfgang Barz","authors":"Tim Oakley","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00636-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00636-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pragmatic encroachment thesis is the claim that pragmatic factors are relevant in determining whether a subject knows that p. Starting from the much-discussed Bank and Train Cases, Wolfgang Barz has argued that the examples used to illustrate, and so support the existence of, pragmatic encroachment, are misdescribed. Barz proposes that we do not have, as has been assumed, two subjects, A and B, who have the same evidence for a proposition, p, where A knows that p, and B, in a situation involving some different pragmatic factor, does not know that p. Rather, A knows one proposition, and B does not know another, different, proposition. Against Barz, I argue that there are serious problems involved with the specification of the pairs of propositions that Barz proposes to deal with the apparent pragmatic encroachment in the example cases he discusses. In addition, Barz’s account would force us to an untenable view of full retractions of knowledge claims made in the face of changed pragmatic conditions. Had Barz been right, pragmatic encroachment would not exist, and, in addition, he would have provided the basis for a very strong argument against contextualism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 4","pages":"753 - 770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00636-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"We Can Defend Normative Error Theory","authors":"Mustafa Khuramy, Erik Schulz","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00639-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00639-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Normative error theorists maintain the view that normative judgements ascribe normative properties, but these normative properties don’t exist. Many philosophers have tried objecting to this view, like Case (<i>Australasian Journal of Philosophy</i>, <i>98</i>(1), 92–104, 2019) arguing that it faces self-defeat. Others, like Streumer (<i>Journal of Philosophy</i>, <i>110</i>(4), 194–212, 2013), have argued that it can’t even be believed because beliefs (in the full, rational sense) possess certain normative requirements. So, there is no self-defeating ‘belief’ in normative error theory. Recently, Taccolini (<i>European Journal of Analytic Philosophy</i>, <i>20</i>(1), 131-154, 2024) has accepted that Streumer’s response to self-defeat might work, and builds a stronger self-defeat argument. The argument attempts to illustrate that one cannot defend the normative error theory, regardless of whether they believe it or not. In response, we illustrate various plausible interpretations of ‘defense’ that are consistent with error theory, thereby diffusing the modal objection that one can’t defend error theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"41 1","pages":"99 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Ultimate Argument Against Nominalistic Relationalism","authors":"Julien Tricard","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00635-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00635-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Relationalism is the view that a quantity (i.e., space or mass) consists only of a network of concrete objects that stand in determinate relations (spatial relations or <i>mass</i>-relations). At its very core, the theory claims that an object possesses a determinate quantity fundamentally by standing in determinate relations in that quantity to other objects. For instance, my laptop’s mass consists fundamentally in the fact that it is <i>k</i> times more or less massive than other objects (my neighbor’s car, the Earth, the International Prototype of the Kilogram). The view is nominalistic insofar as, according to it, facts about quantities are fundamental facts about particulars (that they are so and so related) and not about their attributes (like quantitative universals or positions in abstract state spaces). I offer here an argument against this theory, which I call “ultimate” (borrowing Bird’s (2005) term) because it shows that the very core of this theory fails to account for what it is supposed to account for: the fact that objects possess determinate quantities. I show that by merely situating objects in relation to each other, it fails to situate them anywhere really, that is, to endow them with well-determined quantities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"41 1","pages":"57 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Necessary Facts","authors":"Kai Michael Büttner","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00631-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00631-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analytic truths are necessary but rather insubstantial, given that analytic sentences are true no matter how things are. It is nowadays a commonplace that there are also substantial metaphysical truths the necessity of which derives from things necessarily being one way rather than another. Theoretical identifications and certain suitably conditionalized identity statements count as paradigmatic examples of sentences expressing such necessary facts. Although there is no shortage of attempts to deflate these examples, this paper proposes another deflationary analysis. Based on this analysis, I shall try to defend a perhaps paradoxically sounding thesis: even under the interpretation under which the sentences in question turn out to be necessarily true, they merely state contingent facts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 4","pages":"677 - 693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00631-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associative Inferential Transitions, or One Problem with Siegel’s Response Hypothesis","authors":"Ilia Patronnikov","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00632-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00632-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What is inference? This paper discusses a recent account that aims to answer this question—Susanna Siegel’s Response Hypothesis. The hallmark of inference, on Siegel’s account, is the epistemic dependence of a mental transition’s output state(s) on its input state(s). In this paper, I argue that some alleged non-inferential transitions exhibit the kind of epistemic dependence that Siegel’s account takes to be characteristic of inference. More precisely, I argue that some associative transitions exhibit this kind of epistemic dependence—a problematic conclusion, since Siegel takes inference and association to be mutually exclusive kinds of mental transitions. I then suggest a way out of this problem: to reject the assumption that association and inference are mutually exclusive. This may be considered a bold move, for associative transitions are often considered a paradigm example of non-inferential transitions. So, I end up discussing the motivation behind the move and arguing that it opens up an attractive niche for the development of some philosophical projects. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 4","pages":"731 - 752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00632-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is There a Disappearing Agent Problem for Agent Causalists?","authors":"Robin T. Bianchi, Antoine Taillard","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00633-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00633-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The disappearing agent problem is traditionally cast as a tension between events and event-causation, on the one hand, and agents and agent-causation on the other. However, as we show, the tension between events and agents can be recast as a tension between causation by agents and causation by parts of agents. If this is right, agent-causalists have their own disappearing agent problem to deal with. After setting out a version of this problem in the form of an overdetermination argument, we present available responses to it. By examining these responses, our aim is to motivate the elaboration of an idea of derivative causation within agent-causal theories of action, whereby complex agents with parts cause whatever they must cause in order to act by way of their parts causing it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"41 1","pages":"35 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00633-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Causality and Reliability","authors":"Yingying Tang, Lei Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00634-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00634-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>David Lewis’s classical counterfactual theory of causation fails to capture what we call the “reliability constraint on causation,” according to which <i>c</i> causes <i>e</i> only if <i>e</i> would occur in pertinently similar circumstances where <i>c</i> occurs. In this article, we put forward a modified counterfactual account of causation that attempts to accommodate the reliability constraint. Our account adopts a strengthened possible-worlds semantics while retaining the strong centering thesis. Moreover, by contrasting our approach with several alternative counterfactual approaches to reliability, we aim to argue that our account is more plausible than the competing accounts. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-025-00634-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deontic Buck-Passing and the Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem","authors":"Euan Metz","doi":"10.1007/s12136-025-00627-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-025-00627-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buck-passing analyses of normative concepts in terms of normative reasons face the so-called ‘wrong kind of reason’ (WKR) problem. Most work on this topic has focused either (i) on the WKR problem for the buck-passing account of value or (ii) more generally as an issue for ‘reasons fundamentalists’ (those that hold that <i>all</i> normative concepts can be analysed into normative reasons). This paper concerns the buck-passing analysis of <i>deontic</i> concepts, in particular the concept of <i>wrongness</i>, understood as an analysis into normative reasons for action. I first address the question of whether wrong kind reasons for action are possible in the first place, before examining and rejecting some accounts of the WKR/RKR for action. I end with a suggestion which points to a positive account of the distinction, and I explain one way in which appealing to this distinction can help to resolve the WKR problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 4","pages":"599 - 621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}