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The Morality and Aesthetics of Personal Beauty 人格美的道德与美学
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00621-3
David Friedell, Madeleine Ransom
{"title":"The Morality and Aesthetics of Personal Beauty","authors":"David Friedell,&nbsp;Madeleine Ransom","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00621-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00621-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper argues that people commonly make moral and aesthetic errors regarding personal beauty. One moral error involves treating people as if their superficial physical beauty is a key source of their value. This practice immorally objectifies people by treating them as aesthetic objects, such as paintings or sunsets, rather than persons. Physical personal beauty is overrated. And even to the extent to which it may be appropriate to appreciate personal beauty, people still commonly make an aesthetic error by treating people as if their aesthetic value derives primarily from how their faces and bodies look. We thereby overlook much of their aesthetic value, including their aesthetic agency—which involves the aesthetic choices that shape people’s appearance and conduct, as well as their inner selves and character. Moreover, tending to a person’s fuller aesthetic value may mitigate harmful consequences of lookism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"195 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Truthmaker Semantics, Disjunction, and Fundamentals Truthmaker语义、分离和基础
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00618-y
Mohsen Zamani
{"title":"Truthmaker Semantics, Disjunction, and Fundamentals","authors":"Mohsen Zamani","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00618-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00618-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are two dimensions to Fine’s truthmaker semantics. One involves a claim about the nature of propositions: propositions are not structural and nothing but sets of their possible truthmakers, and the other talks about the relation between truthmaking and Boolean operations. In this paper, I show that a claim by Fine in the latter dimension—that truthmaking is distributed over “or”—faces a counterexample. I will then go on to argue that one possible way to do away with the counterexample is to restrict truthmakers to fundamentals, namely entities that are not grounded in anything else. This would, nevertheless, pose a problem for the first dimension of truthmaker semantics: certain distinct propositions would fail to be distinct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"297 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
For the Sake of Knowledge: The Epistemic Value of Other-Regarding Epistemic Virtues 为了知识：关于他者的认识美德的认识价值
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00616-0
Dominik Jarczewski
{"title":"For the Sake of Knowledge: The Epistemic Value of Other-Regarding Epistemic Virtues","authors":"Dominik Jarczewski","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00616-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00616-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the epistemic value of other-regarding epistemic virtues, challenging the common view that these virtues are primarily moral in nature. To this end, it proposes a new framework to explain the role of epistemic virtues: the Epistemic Social Environment (ESE). It is argued that the value of an epistemic virtue stems from its contribution to a healthy ESE. This approach enables a broader and unified theory of epistemic virtues, emphasising their role in the communal production of knowledge. Ultimately, the paper aims to reconcile virtue epistemology with insights from social epistemology, offering a comprehensive account of the epistemic value of sharing knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"259 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-024-00616-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Special Issue 特刊简介
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00615-1
Sarah Wright
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Sarah Wright","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00615-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00615-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"39 4","pages":"607 - 609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Principle of Total Evidence: Justification and Political Significance 全面证据原则：理由与政治意义
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00607-1
Gerhard Schurz
{"title":"The Principle of Total Evidence: Justification and Political Significance","authors":"Gerhard Schurz","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00607-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00607-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The principle of total evidence says that one should conditionalize one’s degrees of belief on one’s total evidence. In the first part, I propose a justification of this principle in terms of its epistemic <i>optimality</i>. The justification is based on a proof of I. J. Good and embedded into a new account of epistemology based on optimality-justifications. In the second part, I discuss an apparent conflict between the principle of total evidence and the political demands of <i>anti-discrimination</i>. These demands require, for example, that information about the sex of the applicant for a job should not be included in the relevant evidence. I argue that if one assesses the applicant’s qualification in terms of those properties that are directly causally relevant for the job performance, then properties that are merely indirectly relevant, such as sex, race, or age, are screened off, i.e., become irrelevant. So, the apparent conflict disappears. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"39 4","pages":"677 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-024-00607-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidential Incognizance 证据不明
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00608-0
Simon Rippon
{"title":"Evidential Incognizance","authors":"Simon Rippon","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00608-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00608-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, I explore an epistemic vice I call “evidential incognizance.” It is a vice of failing generally to recognize evidence, or recognize the full force of evidence, in a domain of knowledge. It frequently manifests as a kind of unbridled skepticism or hopelessness about knowing in the domain, including (but not limited to) skepticism about expert testimony. It is epistemically vicious primarily because it leads people to overlook valuable epistemic opportunities, and thus tends to obstruct knowledge and justified belief. I believe it is of interest particularly because it tends to arise as a reaction to a certain kind of information environment and is often induced intentionally by populist candidates and authoritarian regimes. I discuss the nature of evidential incognizance, its relation to and differences from other epistemic shortcomings, its political significance, why it may have been previously overlooked in the literature, and the potential for overcoming it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"39 4","pages":"663 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-024-00608-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Generalizations and Moral Explanatory Pluralism 道德概括与道德解释多元主义
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00610-6
Alexios Stamatiadis-Bréhier
{"title":"Moral Generalizations and Moral Explanatory Pluralism","authors":"Alexios Stamatiadis-Bréhier","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00610-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00610-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I argue that moral principles, construed as moral generalizations, can be genuinely explanatory. Specifically, I present and respond to a challenge according to which moral generalizations are explanatorily redundant. In response, I present and defend an explanatory dimension of moral generalizations that is based on the idea of unification. I do so in the context of motivating a realist-friendly moral explanatory pluralism (i.e., the view that there can be many, equally legitimate, explanations of moral facts). Finally, I appeal to the same theoretical resources to tackle an objection from explanatory circularity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"209 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-024-00610-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Doxastic and Epistemic Sources of Offense for Slurring Terms 歧义用语的歧义与认知来源
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00609-z
David Miguel Gray
{"title":"Doxastic and Epistemic Sources of Offense for Slurring Terms","authors":"David Miguel Gray","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00609-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00609-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Existing analyses of slurs emphasize how linguistic mechanisms make slurs derogatory. I will argue that, in addition to linguistic mechanisms, there are overlooked doxastic and epistemic features of standard slurring utterances that can be sources of offense. Additionally, I argue that the doxastic feature that distinguishes slurring utterances from other negatively valenced utterances is fundamental to understanding slurring terms. Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"329 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12136-024-00609-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientific Realism vs. Evolutionary Epistemology: A Critical Rationalist Approach 科学实在论与进化认识论：一种批判理性主义的方法
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00606-2
Alireza Mansouri
{"title":"Scientific Realism vs. Evolutionary Epistemology: A Critical Rationalist Approach","authors":"Alireza Mansouri","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00606-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00606-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The compatibility of scientific realism and evolutionary epistemology is a controversial issue in contemporary philosophy of science. Scientific realism is the view that scientific theories aim to describe the true nature of reality, while evolutionary epistemology is the view that scientific knowledge is the product of natural selection and adaptation. Some philosophers argue that evolutionary epistemology undermines the epistemic status of scientific theories and thus poses a serious challenge to scientific realism. This paper examines this problem and explores whether scientific realism can be reconciled with evolutionary epistemology. The paper argues that critical rationalism (CR), a philosophical approach that rejects <i>justificationism</i> and emphasizes the role of <i>criticism</i>, <i>rationality</i>, and <i>objectivity</i> in science, can provide a viable framework for integrating scientific realism and evolutionary epistemology. The paper shows that by adopting a non-justificationist fallibilist stance toward scientific theories, CR can reconcile the realist and the evolutionary views on scientific knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"363 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communication Without Shared Meanings 没有共同意义的交流
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12136-024-00604-4
Matej Drobňák
{"title":"Communication Without Shared Meanings","authors":"Matej Drobňák","doi":"10.1007/s12136-024-00604-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12136-024-00604-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to the objection raised by Fodor and Lepore, inferentialism is untenable because it cannot provide a distinction between meaning-constitutive and ‘utterly contingent’ inferences. As they argue, without the distinction, the meanings of expressions cannot be shared and, without the shared meanings, the successfulness of communication cannot be explained. In other words, without the distinction, inferentialism becomes committed to holism.</p><p>The aim of this paper is to show that if we understand communication in terms of the coordination of actions, then partial sharing of meanings, i.e. sharing of contextually relevant aspects of meanings, is a sufficient requirement for communication to be successful. As I argue, if we accept such a view of communication, then inferentialism can explain the successfulness of communication without relying on the notion of shared meanings and so it can navigate the muddy waters of holism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44390,"journal":{"name":"Acta Analytica-International Periodical for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition","volume":"40 2","pages":"311 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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